IDEAS FOR SPEAKING (KEITH SUCCESS)

TOPIC 1. Advice (1, 2, 3)

● Nouns
- Constructive advice = lời khuyên hữu ích
- Unsolicited advice = lời khuyên chân thành
- Sensible advice = lời khuyên chí lý
- I can be a little bit picky (kén chọn) about whose people I….. , whose advice I follow.
- I am a bit queasy = dễ bị nhức đầu
- She gave me a good piece of advice.

● Verbs
- To heed advice = nghe theo lời khuyên ≠ ignore advice
- I try to pass on useful advice to students. (đưa ra lời khuyên)
- I’ve been getting advice about parenting = nhận lời khuyên

● Các lời khuyên

- If your baby has a meltdown, don’t have a meltdown too, stay calm. (crazy)
- Follow your instinct = tin tưởng vào cảm xúc, bản năng
- I didn’t plan my presentation for yesterday’s meeting, I just winged it. I like to play it
by ear! (ứng biến)
- In hindsight, it was a mistake to give up my job, because now I have no salary. (ngẫm
nghĩ lại)
- When you leave a company, you should stay in touch with your bosses. Don’t burn
your bridges because you never know when you may need them. (cắt đường lui)

● Idioms
- I am at a loss, can you give me some advice? = không biết làm sao
- Think before you leap = suy nghĩ trước khi làm gì

TOPIC 2. Habits (1, 2, 3)

(hobbies, jobs, daily activities, doing exercise, recycling, productivity)

● Noun
- has an annoying/ nasty habit of …
≠ an endearing habit of …. (= good habit)
- I’m in the habit of going for a walk every evening after walk.
- I go for a walk every evening now with my dog, it has become a habit.
- I get up early everyday out of habit. (theo thói quen)

● Verbs
- Bad habit: I have fallen into the habit of _____
- Stop habit: I am trying to kick this habit.

● Idioms
- I am a creature of habit (người thích làm việc theo lối mòn)
- I am a stickler for doing exercise everyday (phải làm … theo thói quen)
- Old habits die hard = khó để thay đổi habit
- Keeping with tradition, I will have roast turkey on Christmas Day this year. (Theo thói
quen, …) ≠ I know I usually drink beer when I go to the pub, but today, breaking with
tradition, I am going to have water!
- Practice what you preach = Làm theo điều mà mình hay khuyên người khác

TOPIC 3. Countryside (1, 2, 3)

● Nouns
- This house has rustic charm (mộc mạc)
- A pastoral scene (cảnh đồng quê)

- Describe: mountain range = rạng núi, hiking in the steep valley = thung lũng đốc,
dense forest = rừng nhiều cây san sát, fast-flowing stream = dòng suối chảy
xiết,freshwater lake = hồ trong vắt, fields full of corn, flowers, wheat, etc…, farm
produce (n) nông sản => A field of cattle/ livestock = gia súc, gia cầm => Cows and
sheep graze in the fields (ăn cỏ)

● Ideas
- I live slap bang in the city centre
- I live in a hamlet on the outskirts = trong ngôi làng nhỏ

- Activities: The countryside is great for ____ visiting… - You can ____ visit…. - I like
nothing better than _______ visiting…

=> Buy local produce from the farms/ Go hiking/ Go fishing / Do some star-gazing/ Have
a picnic/ Learn to identify some trees, mushrooms, butterflies, constellations…

- Pros: Fresh air/ Lots of greenery / A laidback pace of life/ Quiet and peaceful/ Less air
and noise pollution/ Low cost of living
- Cons: Weak communication network/ No internet => Stuck out in the sticks (far away
from other people) =>It can get lonely - Fewer job opportunities/ Lack of essential
facilities/ No hospitals/

● Idioms
- To soak up the views = ngắm cảnh
- To get up at the crack of dawn = dậy sớm - The early bird catches the worm = dậy
sớm để thưởng lãm cảnh quan
- To head outdoors: ra ngoài - to get away from the crowd = thoát khỏi cảnh xô bồ
- It’s as old as the hills = trông rất cũ

TOPIC 4. Mobile phones (1, 2, 3)

● Verbs
- My phone is dead - I need to charge my phone
- Use:
I am selfie-mad => I use it for: taking selfie/ photography/ listening to podcasts/
passing on information by chatting-calling-texting
I think I have lost the habit of asking people the way. => navigate my way
around
I tend to use it just to get online and surf the web
It comes in handy for video-conferences (tiện)

● Apps: I would opt for ….

Photo editing, Language learning, Health and fitness, Music streaming, News,
Dictionaries, Audio books

● Places k được phép sử dụng điện thoại - tắt máy = turn it off
- Places of worship: temples, church/ Some hospital waiting areas / Quiet zones of
trains/ Libraries
- Không được chụp hình (forbit phones): some museums and art galleries/ Temples/
Airport security check / Passing through customs control (airport)/ Some government
buildings
- taking an exam/ in many schools/ in meetings - turn the phone to silent

● I use a whatchamacallit = cái gì quên mất tên r ta =))

● Benefits of texting
- It’s: quicker, faster, more accurate, less intrusive (ít xâm phạm), comes in handy for
expressing emotions, eases communication between people, not time-draining (tiết
kiệm thgian)
- It’s great for sharing important information

● Idioms
- Just drop me a line on What’s app when you know (giữ liên lạc với tôi qua…)
- The great thing about texting is that it allows you to get straight to the point, (trực
tiếp) you don’t need to beat around the bush (gián tiếp)

TOPIC 5. Holidays (1, 2, 3)

taking a vacation or celebrating a public or national holiday

● Nouns
- A public holiday = ngày quốc lễ, a bank holiday, the school holidays = kỳ nghỉ hè
- The holiday season/ destination

● Verbs
- Go on a package holiday (v) chuyến đi trọn gói
- Take a staycation = du lịch tại gia
- What to do on holiday: I am fond of …. / I go + V-ing: (sunbathe - go sightseeing -
visit the tourist sights - soak up the views - take a ton of photos - chill out on the beach)

● Adjectives to describe:
- full-filled, dream, ideal ≠ disastrous, terrible

● 10 things the British do on holiday

- Complain about the heat - Stay in the sun too long and get sunburnt on day one -
Steal shampoo and soaps from the hotel - Start drinking some kind of alcohol as soon
as you can - Take a photo of yourself with a drink and post on Instagram as soon as
possible - Take 10 minutes to get into the pool (or sea) water - Say how amazing it is
the local people in the hotel can speak English - Check out if their is a MacDonalds near
the hotel - Buy a T-shirt with “I love ____” on it.

● Idioms
- get away from it all = thoát khỏi công việc và stress
- chill out = let my hair down = recharge my batteries (v) = thư giãn
- It’s just what the doctor ordered = Đó là thứ tôi cần để cảm thấy ổn hơn
- travel light (v) chỉ mang những thứ cần thiết khi đi du lịch
- get off the beaten path (v) đi du lịch những nơi hẻo lánh, ít người tới

TOPIC 6. Home, accommodation (1, 2, 3)

talk about your home, describe different kinds of accommodation, how homes have
changed

PART 1. HOME
● Nouns
- Describe outside: a newly-built apartment/ studio flat = căn hộ nhỏ - short-term rental
accommodation - fully furnished flat = đầy đủ tiện nghi - off-road parking = bãi đậu xe
ngoài đường oto
- Describe inside: Fully-fitted kitchen - Spacious living room - Have a wonderful view of
the park - Overlook the garden - A cozy study - A draughty hall (sảnh có gió lùa)

● Verbs
- to leave home: lớn lên và k ở nhà ba mẹ nữa - feel homesick - feel at home = cảm
thấy thoải mái
- move in/ out of a flat = chuyển đến/ dọn đi
- buy a place my own = mua nhà - take out a mortgage = mượn nợ từ ngân hàng để
mua nhà - do up an old house = sửa chữa nhà cũ - add an extension = xây thêm … -
completely refurbish = trang hoàng lại - throw a party - invite someone to your
house-warming party = tiệc tân gia

● Idioms
- It wasn’t until my daughter left home, that it really hit home how much I would miss
her. (fully understand)
- Offer coffee on the house = (coffee) miễn phí

PART 2. ACCOMMODATION
● Nouns
- a community house = nhà tập thể
- a penthouse = nhà cao cấp - a bungalow = nhà 1 tầng, fully-furnished - origin: India
- a hovel = nhà nhỏ, bị xuống cấp trầm trọng - council housing = nhà tình thương - a
granny flat = nhà nghỉ dưỡng cho người cao tuổi
- a condominium = căn hộ chung cư cao cấp - a high-rise building
- For students: student digs = phòng ktx

● Collocations
- a run-of-the-mill house = nhà chỉ chung
- a cozy flat = nhỏ và thoải mái (comfy) ≠ cramped = nhỏ, chật hẹp, k thoải mái
- Describe: en-suite bathroom (n) buồng tắm nằm trong phòng ngủ - open plan
kitchen = bếp mở - bedroom full of contrasting colors - a king-size, well-lit living
room with a modern look: fluffy cushions and pillows - flat-screen television -
state-of-the-art TV - artificial plants - wooden table - hand-woven carpet.

● Homes now and in the past (part 3)

- NOW: I am living in a coastal city- I have been living here for 2 years - We live on
the sixth floor - It’s quite a cozy place, but it is a little bit cramped.
- PAST: Before we moved here, I was living in Malaysia - We lived in a
condominium-It was a 27 story building.

● It was much bigger than where we are now

● There was far more room
● It was just way more spacious
● It had a lot more mod cons than what we have now

TOPIC 7. Technology (1, 2, 3)

the impact of technology and how it has changed our lives

- Scientific knowledge used to solve problems, creates tools, improve processes

(giao tiếp)

● Collocations: introduce/ adopt/ exploit/ use ……..

- Emerging = new …
- Disruptive technology = công nghệ đột phá
- Cutting edge = tiên tiến nhất …
- State-of-the-edge = mới nổi …

● Verbs
- It’s a bit technical = khó hiểu

● Emerging Technologies
- 5G - The Internet of Things (IOT): internet vạn vật - Augmented Reality (AR): tương
tác thực tế - Virtual Reality (VR): tương tác ảo - Blockchain: công nghệ chuỗi khối, cho
phép chia sẻ infor nhanh trong mạng lưới kinh doanh - Biometrics: sinh trắc học, liên
quan đến đo lường và phân tích dữ liệu sinh học - Robotics - Artificial Intelligence (AI) -
Machine Learning: máy tính tự thu thập dữ liệu để tự hoàn thiện

● Câu intro trả lời…

- I’m a bit of a technology buff, and the way I see it…
- I’m far from an expert, but as I see it…

● Positive of technology:
- It allows us to / It means we have been able to communicate more effectively/ develop
stronger economies/ improve our quality of life

● Unwanted by-products:
- Technology is great, but we might lose our privacy or get unsolicited
advertisements, pollution and the depletion of natural resources but maybe that’s the
price we pay!

● The role of A.I. (ứng dụng trên…)

- Alexa, Siri, Amazon, Google Maps, Face recognition, Driverless cars, Chat bots,
Facebook (algorithm: thuật toán)

● Idioms
- The technology behind a pen is not rocket science *đơn giản
- My computer is running like clockwork * chạy tốt
- New technologies cost an arm and a leg * mắc
- The iPhone was ahead of its time * quá tân tiến trong quá khứ

TOPIC 8. Shopping (1, 2, 3)

favourite shops, shopping habits and changes in the way we shop

● Verbs
- to pick up = to pay for = mua
- shop for sth = mua sth
- shop around = dò giá
- do the weekly shopping = mua đồ ăn cho cả tuần
- They have sold out of those lovely cup cakes (hết hàng)
- It set me back about 20 USD (tốn tôi … tiền)
- I like to splash out on new clothes in the Spring sales (chi tiền)

● Adjectives
- Rẻ: low-priced/ affordable clothes, food, goods = It was going for a song
- Mắc: dear/ costly

● Collocations
- A shopping mall - do window shopping
- A High-street shop = cửa hàng trên phố lớn - a corner shop = store nhỏ, bán thức ăn
và nhu yếu phẩm
- A One-stop shop = cửa hàng 1 điểm đến: bán tổng hợp nhiều sp khác nhau trong
cùng 1 store
- To shop till you drop = mua sắm hằng giờ đồng hồ

● Enjoying shopping
- I’m an impulsive shopper = là người mua sắm bốc đồng, thích là mua - a
shopaholic = người nghiện mua sắm
- I love browsing shops = đi shop này shop kia
- I like to see all the different things on display
- I like to walk along the aisles in my local supermarket. (đi dọc …) The snack aisle is
my favourite.
- My local supermarket gives us coupons or vouchers that offer discounts to
incentivise us shop more.
- Adverts are ever-more cunning and attractive. (ngày càng tăng về độ tinh tế)
- capture my attention
- A brick and mortar shop = a physical shop

● Online shopping
BAD:
- It’s an inevitable thing - It’s a shame that so many physical shops are disappearing
- So many companies are going into liquidation due to COVID. (phá sản)
- Unfortunately we lose the personal touch of chatting and socialising with other
shoppers and shop assistants when we shop online
- It’s not a good thing as we don’t know which sites to trust. - I am always wary of
online payments, I mean you hear of so many scams , so is it really safe and secure?
● Thận trọng
● Lừa đảo

GOOD:
- The rise of online shopping means we can busy things from anywhere in the world,
at the click of a button (ngay tức khắc)
- Online shopping makes the purchase of most things much easier and more
convenient. - has been a lifesaver during COVID. It’s easy to get anything, even
everyday essentials like food.

● Compare online vs offline shopping

- With the rise of companies like Amazon, then online delivery is very fast nowadays.
Online shopping saves a ton of time - is fun, if you like opening boxes (bóc tem sp:
iphone…) - depends on what I am buying - is much more practical and the delivery is
usually pretty quick - I shop online for clothes a lot, but you never know if the size is
going to fit, so there is always a bit of a risk.
- Despite the convenience that comes with online shopping I still prefer offline
shopping - I like physical shopping because I can enables me to inspect, touch my
goods before paying: try stuff on (Clothes) and stuff out (Electronic things) in a real
shop.

● Idioms
- I paid over the odds for it = tui chi quá nhiều vào nó
- I like retail therapy, it cheers me up! = shopping làm tôi thấy hp

● Extra
- I don’t know statistically speaking which is the most consumed product in Britain, …
- there are many varieties of cheese that are sold across the country
- eating culture and our culinary heritage
- cheese is one of the most popular, most widely consumed products in my country

TOPIC 9. Famous people (2, 3)

● Adjectives
- He is well known FOR BEING a …. person
- ambitious, industrious (chăm chỉ), persistent (kiên trì), talented, charismatic, positive
=> She craves fame
- notorious for = infamous = tai tiếng …
- noted/ distinguished writer … = … đáng chú ý, đặc biệt

● Phrases
- He is a celebrity in the world of sport/ business/ social media …
- He has a flair for football = có tài về lĩnh vực …

● Intro
- I’d like to talk about the singer who sang ‘candle in the wind’…

● Benefits of being famous

- Well off (giàu) financial freedom (có năng lực tài chính tốt)
- Lavish lifestyle
- Get sponsorship, be a brand ambassador, get paid for advertising
- Travel the world - meet exciting people
- Get VIP treatment, get respect, easily recognised
- Get an adrenaline rush: bị dồn vào cơn sốt căng thẳng tột độ => build their ego boost
= cảm thấy tự tin
● Drawbacks
- Harassment by the press: sự quấy rối từ cánh nhà đài - Chased by paparazzi -
Hounded by fans = bị fan bu - Lack of privacy - Attract trolls - Get fair-weather friends
(bạn lợi dụng) - Constant judgment - Potential depression - Addiction to drugs/fame -
Fall prey to depression - Be a victim of gossip

● Idioms
- Some celebrities loving being in the limelight (là ng nổi tiếng, được theo dõi bởi
nhiều người)
- My claim to fame is that I once served Sting, a famous singer, in a restaurant where I
was working (Điều mà làm tui nổi tiếng là …)

TOPIC 10. Friends (1, 2, 3)

● Collocations
- a pal/ mate = bạn - a handful of friends = có vài đứa bạn
- bosom/ long-standing friend = bạn tri kỷ
- I have a close circle of friends/ I like to make friends/ You are not going to win any
friends saying things like that (kết bạn có chiến lược để trục lợi cho bản thân).

● Part 2. Describe a friend

- When and how you met: We first bumped into each other… at college / at work / on
holiday (tình cờ gặp), and we just hit it off. (chơi thân với nhau)

● Idioms
- We speak the same language = có mối quan hệ rất tốt, thân thiết
- I know him back to front = hiểu rõ về …
- It’s good to have friends in high places = bạn có quyền lực
- He always has my back = luôn ủng hộ, hỗ trợ tôi - go through thick and thin with you
= kiên trì, bất chấp khó khăn - count on = dựa vào - show up when the chips are down =
xuất hiện khi bạn gặp khó khăn
- She is a shoulder to cry on = người mà bạn tâm sự
- Every once in a while = thỉnh thoảng, we like to meet up, go down the local pub
and talk about old times. Chew the cud, so to speak. (= to chat) - thành thực mà nói
- We are like chalk and cheese. (hoàn toàn khác biệt)
TOPIC 11. Celebration (2, 3)
different kinds of events that we celebrate and how you celebrate them

● Birthdays
- For me: 21 years old are seen as coming of age (độ tuổi trưởng thành) - a big event
with family and friends - For my parents: “Life begins at 40!”, once the kids have flown
the nest and they can begin a kind of second life.
- Passing exams / New born baby / Graduation / Getting a promotion / Religious
festivals

● How we celebrate
- We have a get-together with family and friends - tend to throw a party for family and
friends (mở tiệc) - like to crack open a bottle of champagne (uống rượu mừng) - go
out for a slap up meal (bữa ăn thịnh soạn) - by buying each other presents
- In our house, it’s a family tradition to open any presents before eating./ the birthday
boy / girl has to wear red./ give money in an envelope

● Are celebrations a waste of money?

YES
- have become over-commercialised = bị thương mại hóa
- is too much showing off, and the real meaning of the event is lost
- splurge out on parties, like wedding parties, when they can’t really afford it (vung tiền)

NO
- a great chance to relax and catch up with extended family and friends
- gives us a break from the mundane routine
- are special days, once in a lifetime events, that we should spend a lot of money on

● Idioms
- We had a ball at my sister’s wedding, it was so much fun! = có khoảng thời gian vui
vẻ, hạnh phúc
- We went out and painted the town red when we celebrated Jack’s birthday! (đi bar,
nhà hàng quẩy)
- I like to let my hair down

TOPIC 12. Food (1, 2, 3)

- This is dish is spot on = hoàn hảo

- luscious, scrummy: ngon lành
- succulent = (thịt) mọng nước
- Healthy: nutritious, unhealthy: obese
● Macronutrients (chất dinh dưỡng đa lượng)
- CARBS: good carbs: unrefined: whole grains, veggies, fruits/ bad carbs: processed:
white rice / bread / pasta/ glucose, fibre (chất xơ)
- PROTEIN: fish, legumes (cây họ đậu), meat, nuts
- FAT: saturated and unsaturated oils
● Micronutrients: chất dd vi lượng: Vitamins + minerals

● Eating Healthy Food

- Yes, but not always, I like to have a cheat day once a week, where I can pig out on
anything I like. (ăn nhiều) - Eat your five a day (ăn 5 bữa rau trái)
- I strive to eat everything in moderation - follow the Keto diet - a low-carb diet

● Food (cuisine, dishes) you like

- I am guilty of binge-eating
- I veer away from … (chuyển sang…)

● Cooking (part 1)
- I dabble in cooking every now and again = cố gắng nấu, nhưng k nghiêm túc
- I like to whip something up in the kitchen (nấu nhanh gọn)
- When cooking, I prefer to play it by ear (ứng biến)
TOPIC 13. Cities (2, 3)
the products that are produced in your city, or what kind of work people do there, you
can talk about different kinds of industries, as below…
● Industry
- The manufacturing industry = Ngành công nghiệp chế tạo
=> Agriculture/ Mining / Farming/ Fishing/ Oil and Gas: dealing with raw materials

- The service industry = ngành công nghiệp dịch vụ

=> Tourism/ Hospitality/ Recreation/ Food and beverage

- The finance/ IT/ entertainment industry

- Its main source of revenue comes from tourism/ the service industry

● Describe cities (part 2)

- Reliable public transport - bustling center: long opening hours (shops and restaurants)
- lively bars - upmarket shops = shops cao cấp - pricey restaurants - fashionable clubs -
high-rise flats
- Good: elegant, magnificent, the comfortable suburbs = ngoại ô
- Negative: filth (dơ), run-down (xuống cấp), a shanty town (nhà làm từ đồ phế liệu,
sprawling city = tp rất rộng, trống vắng => deserted (vắng người vào ban đêm)

● Problems
- Urban wasteland = khu vực tp bị bỏ hoang, xuống cấp trầm trọng - No-go areas = nơi
k nên lui tới, tỉ lệ tội phạm cao - Run-down buildings
- Deprived areas (without money, good living conditions) = khu vực thiếu thốn
- Traffic: Bumper-to-bumper traffic all day long = kẹt xe lê thê - The volume of traffic -
Exhaust fumes - The incessant roar of trucks and buses

● Describe The City Where You Live

- It has rather dreary weather (thời tiết thất thường) - As for the weather, it’s often
overcast in my city (nhiều mây) - It often throws it down (mưa lớn)
- Big attraction - holiday-makers - People like to nibble snacks in the bars = ăn vặt -
Local people love going for a stroll in the afternoon (đi dạo)

TOPIC 14. Studying (1, 2, 3)

School, productivity (skills you have learnt = study techniques), concentration, hobby, a
teacher you know, education

- I’m a student at the university of London. I’ve been studying since July. I’m in my
final year. I am not bad at English. I like it/ because I think/ it’s going to be really useful/
for my future career. - I don’t like it too much/ mainly because the teacher we have/ is a
bit boring/ he doesn’t engage us at all.

● Verbs
- to sit an exam = đi thi => pass
- At school I used to cram for most of my exams. I was always studying at the last
minute (học hành chăm chỉ cho kỳ thi sắp tới)
- Maybe I just wasn’t very academically inclined = k thích học
- academic performance = bảng điểm
- I just prepared well in advance = chuẩn bị kỹ trước thi
- Overall, my results were solid (điểm cũng khá) , but I never really passed my exams
with flying colours

● Phrasal verbs
- I’ve been procrastinating (lười), but now it’s time for me to buckle down and start
studying seriously (quyết tâm học nghiêm chỉnh)
- I picked it up by watching Youtube videos. (học) - I have been poring over my
French course book lately (học với sự tập trung cao độ)
- I haven’t spoken French for years/ I really need/ to brush up on it = cải thiện kỹ năng
(đã biết rồi)
- I was thrilled to bits = tất hài lòng
- that is where my education really took off = cải thiện tốt

● Study techniques
- mind mapping: ghi keywords, headings của bài, dùng để brainstorm ý tưởng cho
speaking, writing
- spaced practice: pp lặp lại ngắt quãng: kỹ thuật mạnh mẽ nhất trong cáᴄ cáᴄh để cải
thiện khả năng ghi nhớ của người học. giúp bạn bằng cách phân bổ những thứ bạn
phải học và ôn – theo thời gian – làm sao cho mỗi thứ bạn học sẽ được lặp lại theo chu
kỳ.

Thường sẽ có 2 cách: chu kỳ không đổi (ví dụ luôn là 5 ngày x 3 chu kỳ), hoặc ngày
càng dài ra (ví dụ 3 chu kỳ: 3 ngày sau, 7 ngày sau và 14 ngày sau nữa). Phương thức
học ngày càng dài ra đang được ưa chuộng nhất. HOW:
Viết vở: Trước hết, điều bạn cần làm lúc này là chuẩn bị 1 quyển vở dày. Đừng lo, vì
mỗi cần bạn chỉ cần dùng 1-2 trang thôi, hãy chuẩn bị tinh thần “bầu bạn” với quyển vở
này hàng ngày nha!

Và đây là chìa khoá – mỗi ngày, hãy chép lượng từ vựng mà bạn học được vào từng
trang. Sau đó, tự khảo và ôn lại từ vựng của ngày hôm trước, đồng thời không quên
quay lại để ôn từ của 4 ngày trước, 8 ngày trước, và cả 15 ngày trước. Chú ý note lại
những từ hay quên mỗi lần tự khảo, đấy là những từ thực sự cần xem lại mỗi cuối buổi
ôn đấy.

Như vậy, mỗi ngày bạn phải ôn lượng từ vựng đã học của 4 ngày, hoặc cũng có thể là
3. Với mỗi từ mới, học lặp lại 3-4 lần theo chu kỳ trên, và bạn sẽ thấy sự cải thiện rõ rệt
trong những lần khảo sau này. Bằng nhịp độ học từ mới của sinh viên (khoảng 10-20
từ/ngày), việc học 1 ôn 4 chỉ tốn của bạn 15-20 phút mỗi ngày.

- cornell technique: pp ghi chép. Được sử dụng rộng rãi để dễ ghi chép bài giảng, bài
thuyết trình hay đọc hiểu. PP này còn có thể sử dụng trong các công việc hàng ngày,
khi bạn học trên lớp, tham gia học online, xem video, hay kể cả đọc sách việc ghi chép
được đơn giản hóa rất nhiều. HOW:
Bước 1: Sắm ngay một cuốn sổ tay riêng thuận tiện trong việc ghi chép của bạn. Tiếp
theo mở một trang giấy mà bạn muốn ghi chép.
Bước 2: Hãy dùng thước kẻ một đường ngang cách mép cuối trang giấy 5cm. Tiếp tục
kẻ một đường thẳng chia trang giấy của mình thành hai cột sao cho chạm đường kẻ
ngang vừa kẻ.
 ● Cột bên trái cách lề khoảng 5-6cm để ghi các tiêu đề, từ khóa, hoặc khái niệm…
Đặt ra câu hỏi Ai? Cái gì? Khi nào?
● Cột bên phải to nhất nên dành 3/4 trang giấy ghi các ý chính, nội dung diễn giải
liên quan đến ý bên trái. Trả lời cho câu hỏi Như thế nào? Làm sao?
● Phần cuối trang sẽ là tóm tắt, kết luận toàn bộ nội dung vừa ghi chép
Bước 3: Cuối cùng hãy ghi chú lại những gì bạn chưa hiểu và chỉnh sửa lại. Sau đó
hãy cùng đưa ra những thảo luận, thắc mắc của mình đến cho giáo viên, quản lý của
bạn.
● Idioms
- I was a run-of-the-mill student = hs bình thường
- I used to burn the midnight oil the night before an important exam at university. =
học khuya
- My biology exam was a breeze, I knew all the answers. = easy
- In the middle of my interview, I went blank. What a disaster! (đầu t trống rỗng)
- The pass mark was 70%, I got 71%, I just managed to scrape a pass. (qua môn)
- I don’t know what to put in my presentation tomorrow, I am racking my brains, but
can’t come up with any ideas. (suy nghĩ nát óc)

TOPIC 15. Social media (1, 2, 3)

● Verbs
- go viral (v) phổ biến nhanh (vid, posts)
- scroll, swipe
- An influencer = người có lượt follow cao, có sức ảnh hưởng
- Phishing (v) giả mạo tổ chức uy tín để lấy thông tin cá x
- cyberbullying = đe dọa qua mạng - data privacy - streaming = truyền dữ liệu qua audio
or vid
- I like to while away the hours scrolling on instagram: dành thgian nghỉ ngơi

● Pros
- be becoming a one-stop-shop for all our daily needs including (nơi có đủ tiện ích giải
trí)
- Keep up to date with…(the news, family…) - get news - It’s great for spreading the
word out = chia sẻ thông tin …
- Broaden your circle of friends, especially during lockdown - Learn new cultures.
- It’s convenient to get breaking news - get good recommendations for products and
ideas - sell products and advertise your business on many platforms - build an
influence: tạo sức ảnh hưởng
- Tik Tok has really taken off, it’s all the rage = rất thành công, trendy
 ● Cons
- You can get hooked on social media (bị nghiện) - We can lose track of time when
looking at social media glued to screens (dán mắt vào màn hình) - check their feed
everyday - waste a lot of money buying unnecessary things online - When a new
platform becomes popular, everyone jumps on the bandwagon = chạy theo trend
- It easily distracts us - fake news - Cyberbullying is rife in many social media platforms
(phổ biến)
- Intellectual property violations: lead to mental health issues - Many young people get
a negative body image after comparing themselves to models with perfectly filtered
bodies online - get a stiff neck + eyesight problems if you are staring at screens
and scrolling all day
- the parental worries of trolling, body image and FOMO (hội chứng sợ bị trở thành
người tối cổ nếu k update inf trên mạng liên tục)
- It rubs some people up the wrong way = làm phiền, quấy rầy
● Extra
- …, new platforms cropping up every year. (xuất hiện)

TOPIC 16. Animals (1, 3)

wild animals, pets, and well as the advantages and disadvantages of zoos

Part 1.
- I am a cat person
- I have a pet hate, people speaking whilst eating = hate sth …
- I was the teacher’s pet = hs ưa thích của gv
● Zoo
- It’s sad to see caged animals - They are on the brink of extinction - endangered
animals - protect animals from poaching (săn bắt bất hợp pháp)
- In a safari park animals are allowed to roam freely. (freely move)
● Wild animals
- marsupials (n) thú có túi (Kangaroo, Koala, wombats, platypus,.. Native Australia)
- carnivores (n) thú ăn thịt (lions, tigers, snakes)
- herbivores (n) thú ăn cỏ (Cows, rabbits, horses)

Part 3. Why do people …? => give specific group of people

=> If we are talking about … people, I think….
- Pets symbolize a sense of well-being
- In today’s isolated life they want a companion (bạn đồng hành): They keep you
company: luôn đồng hành bên bạn - curb loneliness - give us a great chance to
socialize with others
● Zoos: good or bad?
- I am on the fence on this one = not sure
- Zoos are not a good thing because…
=> By keeping animals cooped up (nhốt trong lồng nhỏ), there are more chances of
extinction, as they don’t get the conditions they need to mate and reproduce - lose
their instincts, for example how to hunt, and often become depressed - ecosystems
can be badly affected - Some zoos abuse animals, for example, training elephants for
entertainment - pose a risk, if animals can escape, they can harm people.

- Zoos are a good thing because…

=> for educational purposes to let children know about a wide range of animals - help
us understand the biodiversity on our planet. That said, we should protect the natural
habitats where the endangered species live.
=> Well, it really depends on how well zoos are managed, and how much protection can
be provided to the animals. It’s good to keep some of the animals in zoos by providing
favorable conditions, as otherwise their predators will eat them and their numbers
will decrease.

● Extra
The time when you saw a wild animal
- …, as you can imagine = bạn có thể hình dung ra
- But I do remember once when …
- suddenly out of the blue we saw this fox = tình cờ
- but there you go, lo and behold, there it was. = surprisingly
- his fox was almost the size of a wolf and what was interesting was, = to bằng con
… làm t thấy thú vị
- it kind of peeped up from behind the bush = liếc nhanh

What wild animal do you like and why?

- elephants: curious, amazing, lovely, sociable, very friendly creatures ≠ aggressive
- but they are typically an animal that humans like to tame and I think they wonderful. =
thuần hóa
- are trained to do amazing things, from almost acrobatics to painting with their
trunk. (nhào lộn - vẽ bằng vòi)

TOPIC 17. Books (1, 2, 3)

- I am really into crime novels, sci-fi, and comedy
- I read personal development/ historical books/ travel guide/ now and again (thỉnh
thoảng)
● Describing the story
- Plot => Setting (where – when) => Characters => Protagonist (main character / hero)
=> This book has a gripping plot (cốt truyện hấp dẫn) - It is set in the middle ages in
England -The protagonist is a magician called Merlin …

● How we read books

- I’m a voracious reader of …., = đọc kỹ, nghiền ngẫm
- skim through books in the bookstore = đọc lướt

● Describe a book
- It’s a gripping, but heavy read = hấp dẫn, tuy hơi khó đọc - It had me spellbound:
hoàn toàn bị cuốn hút - I read it from cover to cover - an intriguing plot

● Idioms
- She threw the book at me = la rầy tôi
- turn over a new leaf (v) bắt đầu làm gì đó mới …
- take a leaf out of Mary’s book = học được … từ Mary

TOPIC 18. Science (1, 2, 3)

common subjects you may study in school or college, such as art, science and cooking,
talk about different branches of science, and what kind of science you like

- Painting is not an exact science = k hoàn toàn là 1 môn khoa học - say that in
layman’s terms = giải thích theo cách đơn giản, informal
- There is no hard science proving that this method works. = ngành khoa học có bằng
chứng, lý luận mạnh
- The science behind painting / printing / forecasting / plastic surgery / body language /
sociology / homeopathy (pp vi lượng đồng căn-lấy độc trị độc) is intriguing.

● Describe science: It’s more a question of where can we not find science?
● Kind of science
- Natural science includes both: Life Science + Physical Science
- Social Sciences which studies human behavior in fields like, Education, anthropology
(nhân loại học), economics, history, political science, and sociology

Có thể đề cập đến 1 trong các nhánh của các ngành khoa học sau đây:
=> A branch of science I am interested in is ….

● Biology
- Dolly the Sheep was a sheep cloned by scientists in the UK = nhân bản vô tính -
DNA
- Darwin’s Theory of Evolution – shows how humans have evolved! Thuyết tiến hóa
Darwin

● Chemistry
- Nuclear power plants = nhà máy điện hạt nhân: Some people say nuclear power is
dangerous, especially after the disasters at Chernobyl and another recent one in Japan.
- We can use science to do home-brewing, like brewing beer = làm bia ủ lạnh tại nhà
- Nowadays, we can buy plant-based beef that is hamburgers made of vegetables with
the same texture as beef. (food science)
- GM food: Genetically modified food. This is widely used around the world. One
important reason is to help provide enough food for nations where the risk of
starvation is a problem

● Physics
- Stephen Hawkings: A cosmologist: vũ trụ học. He made breakthroughs to help us
understand the origin of the universe.The Big Bang Theory gives one explanation of
how the universe began (it is also the name of a popular TV comedy series)
- Isaac Newton: British Physicist from the 17th Century. I learned about Newton at
school and I just remember he created the laws of motion. These were later
superseded (bị thay thế) by Einsteins’ Law of Relativity

● Astronomy – The First Man (a film about Neil Armstrong, the first man on the
moon) - Away (Series on Netflix about a voyage to Mars) - The Martian (film
directed by Ridley Scott about a botanist living on Mars)

● Botany / Geology: Planet Earth - David Attenborough

● Idioms
- It’s not rocket science = dễ
- There is no need to reinvent the wheel = đừng làm những gì mà người khác đã làm
rồi

TOPIC 19. Transportation (1, 2, 3)

public and private transport and the differences, giving examples

● Public transit: Buses - Trains - Monorails and tramways

Light rail - Subways / The Underground / The Tube (London) / The Metro - Taxi - tuku -
rickshaw - cab - über - Cable cars - Rented Bikes - Ferries, ships, boats
=> I got a boat …
 ● Private transport: Car - Bicycle - Scooter / moped / motorbike - Boat (own) -
Horse - Rollerskates
=> She got into her car …

- She was lucky enough to travel by helicopter

- The coach departed at 6 p.m. *khởi hành

● Collocations
- I hate being stuck in traffic = bị kẹt xe - congested (a)
- I live in Spain, but I travel back and forth to England twice a year. (di chuyển giữa 2
nơi nhiều lần)
- I get around my city by car most of the time. = travel
- I like to travel light = mang hành lý gọn nhẹ - travel abroad (v) - domestic travel (n) - a
travel itinerary: lộ trình chuyến đi

● Getting around your hometown

- I tend to move around by bus, it’s really ….
- There many cars in the rush hour - Cars are bumper to bumper - It’s a nightmare
- Walking is so easy and a pleasure because we have so many
pedestrian areas.

● Delays when travelling (part 2)

- I get on the train to Wales - The hassle of driving … = rắc rối, căng thẳng khi lái xe
… - I was held up in traffic and missed the flight - It was a disaster - I got my money
back in the end - regret: arrive with time to spare (đến kịp lúc)

● Transport in the future (part 3) sử dụng thì tương lai

- I suspect cars running on gas will be a thing of the past. With climate change getting
worse, more and more transportation will run on electricity - manual cars
- Licences will become redundant.
- I might start using a driverless car, when they become mainstream = được dùng
rộng rãi
- It would make all the difference

● Idioms
- My wife is a backseat driver = người thích chỉ trích, điều khiển ng cầm lái
- I got to the train station in the nick of time = vừa kịp lúc
- I have itchy feet = I love travelling
- I have to get up at the crack of dawn and time we hit the road. : dậy sớm - bắt đầu
chuyến đi
- … although, unfortunately the trains are notorious for (tai tiếng) being late and I think
that lack of punctuality is a real downside for catching the train.

TOPIC 20. Climate change (3)

Cause and effect

- I am by no means an expert, but…

- Inhospitable/ severe/ mild - climate
- extreme / changeable/ dismal (ảm đạm)/ atrocious (xấu)/ nippy (lạnh)/ bone dry (khô) -
weather

● Global warming, climate change, gas emissions, the greenhouse effect, fossil
fuels. Deforestation, habitats, an ecosystem, a carbon footprint, renewable
energies
● We need to tackle / mitigate climate change head-on (giải quyết, giảm thiểu -
trực tiếp)

For example, we see more extreme weather nowadays, such as storms, tornadoes,
and floods than in the past.

● CAUSE

- The main human cause is probably the burning of fossil fuels, like coal, oil, and
gas, for electricity, heat, and transportation.

Ý 1: BURNING FUMES
=> When we use cars, planes, and other forms of transport we burn fossil fuels and
emit greenhouse gases into the atmosphere
=> When we use electricity at home, we are most likely burning fossil fuels and so
producing greenhouse gases which cause global warming.

Ý 2: DEFORESTATION (TREES)
- Deforestation is a major cause of climate change. Trees take in CO2 and produce
oxygen, so when we cut down trees this stored CO2 is released.
- Tree roots hold the soil together and keep the soil fertile. Without trees the land is
less farmable, and also the soil moves leading to both landslides and possible drought.

Ý 3: FARMING
- Farming, including raising livestock produces harmful greenhouse gases because
cows emit methane gas when they fart.
Ý 4: BUYING CLOTHES
- Apparently, the fashion industry that pushes us to buy new clothes every season,
produces vast amounts of greenhouse gases.
- These come from the processes needed to produce the fabrics, especially
man-made ones, and also the transportation needed for the complex supply chains.
- Did you know a shirt made of man-made polyester has twice the carbon footprint
of a cotton shirt? - Such consumerism also leads to huge amounts of waste and
non-biodegradable fabrics that damage the environment.

● Is Climate Change a problem?

- In the past, the climate occurred in regular cycles and it used to rain during a
particular season but now, it rains heavily any time and this is leading to floods.
- The Ozone layer is being depleted due to daily increasing CO2 emissions.
- Such gaps in the Ozone layer mean the sun’s harmful rays are doing more damage
to the planet.
- The polar ice sheet is thawing out and the sea levels are rising.
- We are disrupting the balance in the ecosystem
- It leads to the melting of the polar ice sheets - the destruction of wildlife and their
habitats
- Some species are becoming extinct
- It might lead to sea-level rise which in turn causes damage to coastal regions.
- The earth is getting hot and hotter and so there are more droughts which has a
devastating impact on farming and the livelihood of local communities.
- At the same time, we are experiencing increasingly adverse and extreme weather
conditions. Floods and flooding are more and more commonplace.
- When we have floods, contagious diseases can spread like wildfire.
- Farmers face problems due to soil erosion and so use artificial fertilizers which can
cause water and air pollution.

● SOLUTIONS
- We can change the way we travel, opting for public transport and avoiding travel
by plane whenever possible.
- eat less meat, and so reduce the demand for livestock and cattle.
We can shop locally, so food supply chains do not need excessive travel by train,
boat, or plane.
- By and large, we should consume less, whether it be for electrical appliances or
clothes. We shouldn’t be a victim of fast fashion.
- We can also consume less electricity at home, by using energy-saving bulbs and be
more careful to turn off lights and save energy.
 ● Why is climate change important for you?
- Well. It’s a very good question and I’d like to answer the question in two parts. First of
all, I think it’s important politically and environmentally (quan trọng về mặt chính trị
và môi trường)
- this is an important agenda on any prime minister or any president’s to-do-list
- it’s hugely important for countries and politicians, but more importantly, moving on to
the second point, …
- … are destroying habits through the rise in the sea level, deforestation, cutting
down trees … which in turn leads to droughts, the growth of arid land …

=> So, it’s a hugely important issue for all of humanity.

● What can we do to stop climate change?

- Well, I think there is a number of things that we can do. First of all, as countries, we
can introduce policies that will prevent, for example, deforestation. Policies - take
positive actions towards …

- … , but there is also things that we as individuals can do. For starters, we can save
energy at home - turning off lights, take public transport - reducing our carbon
footprint - fewer greenhouse gas emissions, also vote with our feet when it comes to
consumerism, choose to buy fewer clothes - not pushed by the fashion industry -
fabrics - are just left as waste - balance of the ecosystem
=> So, I think both of these areas we need to address in order to tackle climate
change head-on.