A02 APPENDIX 2
BASIS FOR ESTABLISHING DESIGN STRESS
INTENSITY VALUES FOR TABLES 2A, 2B, AND 4,
AND ALLOWABLE STRESS VALUES FOR TABLE 3
A03 2-100 DERIVATION OF STRESS The maximum design stress intensity shall be the
INTENSITY VALUES lowest value obtained from the criteria in Tables
2-100(a), 2-100(b), and 2-100(c). The mechanical prop-
The values in Tables 2A, 2B, 3, and 4 are established erties considered, and the factors applied to establish
by the Committee only. In the determination of design the maximum allowable stresses, are given in 2-110
stress intensity values for nonnuclear materials, the through 2-130.
Committee is guided by successful experience in service,
insofar as evidence of satisfactory performance is avail-
able. Such evidence is considered equivalent to test data 2-110 CRITERIA FOR MATERIALS
where operating conditions are known with reasonable OTHER THAN BOLTING: TABLES
certainty. In the evaluation of new materials for both 2A AND 2B
nuclear and nonnuclear applications, it is sometimes The design stress intensity values at any temperature
necessary to be guided to a certain extent by the are no larger than the least of the following:
comparison of test information with available data on (a) one-third of the specified minimum tensile
successful applications of similar materials. strength at room temperature;
The factors employed to determine design stress (b) one-third of the tensile strength at temperature;
intensity values are provided in Tables 2-100(a), (c) two-thirds of the specified minimum yield
2-100(b), and 2-100(c). Nomenclature for these Tables strength at room temperature;
is as follows: (d) two-thirds of the yield strength at temperature,
Favg p multiplier applied to average stress for rupture except that for austenitic stainless steels and specific
in 100,000 hr. At 1500°F and below, Favg p nonferrous materials, as indicated in Tables 2A and
0.67. Above 1500°F, it is determined from the 2B, this value may be as large as 90% of the yield
slope of the log time-to-rupture versus log stress strength at temperature (but never more than two-thirds
plot at 100,000 hr such that log Favg p 1/n, but of the specified minimum yield strength).
it may not exceed 0.67. (e) In the application of these criteria, the Committee
RT p ratio of the average temperature dependent trend considers the yield strength at temperature to be SYRY,
curve value of tensile strength to the room tem- and the tensile strength at temperature to be 1.1STRT.
perature tensile strength
RY p ratio of the average temperature dependent trend
curve value of yield strength to the room tem- 2-120 CRITERIA FOR BOLTING A02
perature yield strength MATERIALS IN TABLE 3 FOR
USE WITH SECTION VIII,
ST p specified minimum tensile strength at room tem-
DIVISION 1; SECTION VIII,
perature, ksi
DIVISION 2 (APPENDIX 3 RULES);
SY p specified minimum yield strength at room tem-
AND SECTION III (CLASS 2 AND 3
perature, ksi
RULES)
n p a negative number equal to ⌬ log time-to-
rupture divided by ⌬ log stress at 100,000 hr (a) For materials whose strength has not been en-
NA p not applicable hanced by heat treatment or by strain hardening, the
764
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Table 2-100(a) PART D — PROPERTIES Table 2-100(c)
TABLE 2-100(a)
CRITERIA FOR ESTABLISHING DESIGN STRESS INTENSITY VALUES FOR TABLES 2A AND 2B
Product/Material Tensile Strength Yield Strength
1 2 2
Wrought or cast, ferrous and nonferrous ⁄3 ST 1.1 ⁄3 SY ⁄3 SYRY or
S R
3 T T 0.9SYRY [Note (1)]
Welded pipe or tube, ferrous and nonferrous 0.85 (1.1 ⴛ 0.85) 0.85 0.85
ST STRT S S R or
3 3 1.5 Y 1.5 Y Y
(0.9 ⴛ 0.85)SYRY
[Note (1)]
NOTE:
(1) For austenitic materials in Table 2A and for specific nonferrous alloys in Table 2B, the design stress intensity values may exceed two-thirds
and may be as high as 90% of the yield strength at temperature.
TABLE 2-100(b)
CRITERIA FOR ESTABLISHING ALLOWABLE STRESS VALUES FOR TABLE 3
Below Room Temperature Room Temperature and Above
Tensile Yield Tensile Yield Stress Creep
Product/Material Strength Strength Strength Strength Rupture Rate
2 2 2
Bolting annealed ferrous ST ⁄3 SY ST 1.1 ⁄3 SY ⁄3 SYRY FavgSR avg 0.8SR min 1.0Sc
S R
and nonferrous 4 4 4 T T
1 1 2
Bolting, with strength ST SY ⁄5 ST 1.1 ⁄4 SY ⁄3 SYRY FavgSR avg 0.8SR min 1.0Sc
S R
enhanced by heat 5 4 4 T T
treatment or strain
hardening, ferrous and
nonferrous [Note (1)]
NOTE:
(1) For materials whose strength has been enhanced by heat treatment or by strain hardening, the criteria shown shall govern unless the values
are lower than for the annealed material, in which case the annealed values shall be used.
TABLE 2-100(c)
CRITERIA FOR ESTABLISHING DESIGN STRESS INTENSITY VALUES
FOR TABLE 4
Tensile
Product/Material Strength Yield Strength
Bolting, with strength enhanced by heat treatment or strain hardening NA NA 1⁄3 SY 1
⁄3 SYRY
[Note (1)]
NOTE:
(1) This applies only to ferrous materials for Section VIII, Division 2 application.
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2-120 2001 SECTION II 2-130
allowable stress value shown at any temperature in is established by the Committee not to exceed the
Table 3 is the least of the following: lowest of the following:
(1) one-fourth of the specified minimum tensile (1) 100% of the average stress to produce a creep
strength at room temperature; rate of 0.01%/1000 hr;
(2) one-fourth of the tensile strength at temper- (2) 100Favg% of the average stress to cause rupture
ature; at the end of 100,000 hr;
(3) 80% of the minimum stress to cause rupture
(3) two-thirds of the specified minimum yield
at the end of 100,000 hr.
strength at room temperature;
Stress values for high temperatures are based, when-
(4) two-thirds of the yield strength at temperature. ever possible, on representative uniaxial properties of
(b) For materials whose strength has been enhanced the materials obtained under standard ASTM testing
by heat treatment or by strain hardening, the allowable conditions or equivalent. The stress values are based
stress value shown at any temperature in Table 3 is on basic properties of the materials and no consideration
the least of the following, unless these values are lower is given for corrosive environment, for abnormal temper-
than the annealed values, in which case the annealed ature and stress conditions, or for other design considera-
values shall be used: tions.
(1) one-fifth of the specified minimum tensile
strength at room temperature;
2-130 CRITERIA FOR BOLTING
(2) one-fourth of the tensile strength at temper- MATERIALS FOR USE WITH
ature; APPENDICES 4, 5, AND 6 OF
(3) one-fourth of the specified minimum yield SECTION VIII, DIVISION 2 AND
strength at room temperature; SECTION III, SUBSECTION NB
(4) two-thirds of the yield strength at temperature.
The design stress intensity value shown at any temper-
(c) In the application of these criteria, the Committee ature in Table 4 is the least of the following, with
considers the yield strength at temperature to be SYRY, credit being granted for enhancement of properties by
and the tensile strength at temperature to be 1.1STRT. heat treatment or by strain hardening:
(d) At temperatures in the range where creep and (a) one-third of the specified minimum yield strength
stress rupture strength govern the selection of stresses, at room temperature;
the maximum allowable stress value for all materials (b) one-third of the yield strength at temperature.
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