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Review Articles

This document provides an overview of review articles, detailing their types, characteristics, and writing methodologies. It distinguishes between narrative and systematic reviews, outlining the steps involved in conducting a systematic review, including formulating a research question, searching for studies, and data synthesis. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of quality assessment and the use of meta-analysis in systematic reviews.

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10 views34 pages

Review Articles

This document provides an overview of review articles, detailing their types, characteristics, and writing methodologies. It distinguishes between narrative and systematic reviews, outlining the steps involved in conducting a systematic review, including formulating a research question, searching for studies, and data synthesis. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of quality assessment and the use of meta-analysis in systematic reviews.

Uploaded by

eman el saeed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO REVIEW ARTICLES

Ramy M. Gaber
BDSc, MDSc, DDSc
Lecturer, OMFS department; Ainshams University
Fellow, UZ Leuven, Belgium
AO Fellow, Hannover Medical School, Germany
WHAT IS A REVIEW ARTICLE
 A review article is an article that collects and
summarizes published knowledge about a certain
topic
TYPES OF REVIEW ARTICLES
 Narrative review

 Systematic review
NARRATIVE REVIEW
CHARACTERISTICS
 Has no formal scheme for article selection

 Published by invited experts

 Covers a single point or topic

 Bias !!!!

 Examples:
1. Dental clinics of North America
2. Seminars in orthodontics
3. Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America
4. Atlas of Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North
America
HOW TO WRITE A NARRATIVE REVIEW
(REVIEWING THE LITERATURE)
1. Decide on your topic

2. Read lots of reviews about the topic

3. Write down a scheme of ideas

4. For each idea, find the most important articles

5. Write in a chronological order

6. In case of thesis (could be divided into sections or


ideas).. Within each section follow the same
sequence
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
WHAT IS A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
 A systematic review attempts to collate all
empirical evidence that fits pre-specified
eligibility criteria in order to answer a specific
research question
CHARACTERISTICS
 A clearly stated set of objectives with pre-defined
eligibility criteria for studies;
 An explicit, reproducible methodology;

 A systematic search that attempts to identify all


studies that would meet the eligibility criteria;
 An assessment of the validity of the findings of
the included studies,
 A systematic presentation, and synthesis, of the
characteristics and findings of the included
studies
PHASES OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS

Objective

Finding articles

Filtration

Data synthesis
STEPS TO CONDUCT A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
1. Research question
2. Searching for studies
3. Inclusion/exclusion
4. Data abstraction
5. Quality assessment
6. Result synthesis
7. Conclusion
8. Meta-analysis conduction
1-RESEARCH QUESTION
 Reviews and meta-analysis are not a fishing
expedition

 Focused research question that targets a specific


clinical problem or hypothesis

 PICO + study types


(population, intervention, comparison, outcome)
2-SEARCH
 Documented

 Multiple databases (Pubmed, embase…etc.)

 Grey literature (conference proceedings, eminent


researchers, reference lists).. Clinical trial
registries

 Time limit (justified or not)


3-INCLUSION/ EXCLUSION
 Removal of duplicates (reference manager)
 Title/abstract screening ( 2 authors)
 Full text screening (1 or 2 authors).. Link together
multiple reports of the same study (different publications
containing the same experiment should be managed as one
entry)
 Contact authors for missing data

 Criteria:
1. Language
2. Study type
3. Sample size
4. Follow up
5. Assessment method
6. Date
4-DATA EXTRACTION
 Summarize and extract all necessary information
from the included studies into tables

 Unify units and numbers (do necessary


conversion when necessary)… usually a bio-
statistician is needed for this step
5- ASSESSMENT OF RISK OF BIAS/
QUALITY ASSESSMENT

 Quality assessment vs risk of bias

 Different available tools


6&7- SYNTHESIZING RESULTS AND
CONCLUSIONS

 Collect similar interventions or assessment


methods (if applicable)
 Compare between different studies

 Show points of strengths and weaknesses

 If a similar review present, compare your


findings to it

 Conclude your understanding or new hypothesis


8- META-ANALYSIS
 Check for homogeneity

 Check for publication bias (file drawer problem)

 Conduct meta-analysis
UNDERSTANDING A FOREST PLOT
PRISMA
 Preferred reporting method for systematic
reviews and Meta-analysis
EXAMPLE
1-RESEARCH QUESTION

P: Studies concerned with P: cleft patients


orthognathic surgery I: Maxillary orthognathic
I: 3D planning surgery, Le Fort
O: Assessment method C: fixation methods
O: Horizontal relapse
2- SEARCH
3- INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION

Language
Study design
Intervention
Assessment method
Validation

Population
Intervention
Outcome
Study design
Language
4- DATA ABSTRACTION
5- QUALITY ASSESSMENT

Both studies used the MINORS scale


8- META-ANALYSIS CONDUCTION
THANK YOU

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