Standard Method of Test for
Compressive Strength of
Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
AASHTO Designation: T 22-141
ASTM Designation: C39/C39M-05
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
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Standard Method of Test for
Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
Concrete Specimens
AASHTO Designation: T 22-14 1
ASTM Designation: C39/C39M-05
1. SCOPE
1.1. This test method covers determination of compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens
such as molded cylinders and drilled cores. It is limited to concrete having a unit weight in excess
of 800 kg/m3 (50 lb/ft3).
1.2. The values stated in SI units are the preferred standard.
1.3. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, or equipment. This standard does not
purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Warning—Means should be provided to contain concrete fragments during sudden rupture of
specimens. Tendency for sudden rupture increases with increasing concrete strength (Note 1).
Note 1—The safety precautions given in the Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, located
in the Related Materials section of Volume 04.02 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, are
recommended.
1.4. The text of this standard references notes that provide explanatory material. These notes shall not
be considered as requirements of the standard.
2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
2.1. AASHTO Standards:
R 39, Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
T 23, Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
T 24M/T 24, Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
T 231, Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
2.2. ASTM Standards:
C31/C31M, Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
C42/C42M, Standard Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams
of Concrete
C192/C192M, Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the
Laboratory
C617/C617M, Standard Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C670, Standard Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for
Construction Materials
TS-3c T 22-1 AASHTO
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C873/C873M, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Concrete Cylinders Cast in
Place in Cylindrical Molds
C1077, Standard Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete Aggregates for Use in
Construction and Criteria for Testing Agency Evaluation
C1231/C1231M, Standard Practice for Use of Unbonded Caps in Determination of
Compressive Strength of Hardened Concrete Cylinders
E4, Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E74, Standard Practice of Calibration of Force-Measuring Instruments for Verifying the Force
Indication of Testing Machines
Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02
3. SUMMARY OF TEST METHOD
3.1. This test method consists of applying a compressive axial load to molded cylinders or cores at a
rate that is within a prescribed range until failure occurs. The compressive strength of the
specimen is calculated by dividing the maximum load attained during the test by the cross-
sectional area of the specimen.
4. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1. Care must be exercised in the interpretation of the significance of compressive strength
determinations by this test method because strength is not a fundamental or intrinsic property of
concrete made from given materials. Values obtained will depend on the size and shape of the
specimen, batching, mixing procedures, the methods of sampling, molding, and fabrication, and
the age, temperature, and moisture conditions during curing.
4.2. This test method may be used to determine compressive strength of cylindrical specimens
prepared and cured in accordance with R 39, T 23, T 24M/T 24, T 231, and ASTM C873/C873M.
4.3. The results of this test method may be used as a basis for quality control of concrete
proportioning, mixing, and placing operations; determination of compliance with specification;
and control for evaluating effectiveness of admixtures and similar uses.
5. APPARATUS
5.1. Testing Machine—The testing machine shall be of a type having sufficient capacity and capable of
providing the rates of loading prescribed in Section 7.5.
5.1.1. Verify calibration of the testing machines in accordance with ASTM E4, except that the verified
loading range shall be as required in Section 5.3. Verification is required under the following
conditions:
5.1.1.1. At least annually but not to exceed 13 months;
5.1.1.2. On original installation or immediately after relocation;
5.1.1.3. Immediately after making repairs or adjustments that affect the operation of the force applying
system or the values displayed on the load indicating system, except for zero adjustments that
compensate for the mass (weight) of tooling or specimen, or both; or
5.1.1.4. Whenever there is reason to suspect the accuracy of the indicated loads.
TS-3c T 22-2 AASHTO
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5.1.2. Design—The design of the machine must include the following features:
5.1.2.1. The machine must be power-operated and must apply the load continuously rather than
intermittently, and without shock. If it has only one loading rate (meeting the requirements of
Section 7.5), it must be provided with a supplemental means for loading at a rate suitable for
verification. This supplemental means of loading may be power- or hand-operated.
5.1.2.2. The space provided for test specimens shall be large enough to accommodate, in a readable
position, an elastic calibration device that is of sufficient capacity to cover the potential loading
range of the testing machine and that complies with the requirement of ASTM E74.
Note 2—The types of elastic calibration devices most generally available and most commonly
used for this purpose are the circular proving rings or load cells.
5.1.3. Accuracy—The accuracy of the testing machine shall be in accordance with the
following provisions:
5.1.3.1. The percentage of error for the loads within the proposed range of use of the testing machine shall
not exceed ±1.0 percent of the indicated load.
5.1.3.2. The accuracy of the testing machine shall be verified by applying five test loads in four
approximately equal increments in ascending order. The difference between any two successive
test loads shall not exceed one third of the difference between the maximum and minimum test
loads.
5.1.3.3. The test load as indicated by the testing machine and the applied load computed from the readings
of the verification device shall be recorded at each test point. Calculate the error, E, and the
percentage of error, Ep, for each point from these data as follows:
E=A–B (1)
Ep = 100 (A – B)/B (2)
where:
A = load, kN (or lbf) indicated by the machine being verified; and
B = applied load, kN (or lbf) as determined by the calibrating device.
5.1.3.4. The report on the verification of a testing machine shall state within what loading range it was
found to conform to specification requirements rather than reporting a blanket acceptance or
rejection. In no case shall the loading range be stated as including loads below the value that is
100 times the smallest change of load that can be estimated on the load-indicating mechanism of
the testing machine or loads within that portion of the range below 10 percent of the maximum
range capacity.
5.1.3.5. In no case shall the loading range be stated as including loads outside the range of loads applied
during the verification test.
5.1.3.6. The indicated load of a testing machine shall not be corrected either by calculation or by the use of
a calibration diagram to obtain values within the required permissible variation.
TS-3c T 22-3 AASHTO
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5.2. The testing machine shall be equipped with two steel bearing blocks with hardened faces (Note 3),
one of which is a spherically seated block that will bear on the upper surface of the specimen and
the other a solid block on which the specimen shall rest. Bearing faces of the blocks shall have a
minimum dimension at least 3 percent greater than the diameter of the specimen to be tested.
Except for the concentric circles described below, the bearing faces shall not depart from a plane
by more than 0.02 mm (0.001 in.) in any 150 mm (6 in.) of blocks 150 mm (6 in.) in diameter or
larger or by more than 0.02 mm (0.001 in.) in the diameter of any smaller block; and new blocks
shall be manufactured within one-half of this tolerance. When the diameter of the bearing face of
the spherically seated block exceeds the diameter of the specimen by more than 13 mm (0.5 in.),
concentric circles not more than 0.8 mm (0.03 in.) deep and not more than 1 mm (0.04 in.) wide
shall be inscribed to facilitate proper centering.
Note 3—It is desirable that the bearing faces of blocks used for compression testing of concrete
have a Rockwell hardness of not less than 55 HRC.
5.2.1. Bottom bearing blocks shall conform to the following requirements:
5.2.1.1. The bottom bearing block is specified for the purpose of providing a readily machinable surface
for maintenance of the specified surface conditions (Note 4). The top and bottom surfaces shall be
parallel to each other. Its least horizontal dimension shall be at least 3 percent greater than the
diameter of the specimen to be tested. Concentric circles as described in Section 5.2 are optional
on the bottom block.
Note 4—The block may be fastened to the platen of the testing machine.
5.2.1.2. Final centering must be made with reference to the upper spherical block when the lower bearing
block is used to assist in centering the specimen. The center of the concentric rings, when
provided, or the center of the block itself must be directly below the center of the spherical head.
Provision shall be made on the platen of the machine to assure such a position.
5.2.1.3. The bottom bearing block shall be at least 25 mm (1 in.) thick when new and at least 22.5 mm
(0.9 in.) thick after resurfacing operations.
Note 5—If the testing machine is so designed that the platen itself can be readily maintained in
the specified surface condition, a bottom block is not required.
5.2.2. The spherically seated bearing block shall conform to the following requirements:
5.2.2.1. The maximum diameter of the bearing face of the suspended spherically seated block shall not
exceed the values given in Table 1.
Table 1—Maximum Diameter of Bearing Face
Diameter of Max
Test Specimens, Diameter of Bearing Face,
mm (in.) mm (in.)
50 (2) 105 (4)
75 (3) 130 (5)
100 (4) 165 (6.5)
150 (6) 255 (10)
200 (8) 280 (11)
Note 6—Square bearing faces are permissible, provided the diameter of the largest possible
inscribed circle does not exceed the above diameter.
TS-3c T 22-4 AASHTO
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5.2.2.2. The center of the sphere shall coincide with the surface of the bearing face within a tolerance of
±5 percent of the radius of the sphere. The diameter of the sphere shall be at least 75 percent of the
diameter of the specimen to be tested.
5.2.2.3. The ball and the socket shall be designed so that the steel in the contact area does not permanently
deform when loaded to the capacity of the test machine.
Note 7—The preferred contact area is in the form of a ring (described as “preferred bearing
area”) as shown in Figure 1.
5.2.2.4. The curved surfaces of the socket and the spherical portion shall be kept clean and shall be
lubricated with a petroleum-type oil such as conventional motor oil, not with a pressure-type
grease. After contacting the specimen and application of a small initial load, further tilting of the
spherically seated block is not intended and is undesirable.
5.2.2.5. If the radius of the sphere is smaller than the radius of the largest specimen to be tested, the
portion of the bearing face extending beyond the sphere shall have a thickness not less than the
difference between the radius of the sphere and radius of the specimen. The least dimension of the
bearing face shall be at least as great as the diameter of the sphere. (See Figure 1.)
5.2.2.6. The movable portion of the bearing block shall be held closely in the spherical seal, but the design
shall be such that the bearing face can be rotated freely and tilted at least 4 degrees in any
direction.
5.2.2.7. If the ball portion of the upper bearing block is a two-piece design composed of a spherical portion
and a bearing plate, a mechanical means shall be provided to ensure that the spherical portion is
fixed and centered on the bearing plate.
Note: Provision shall be made for holding the ball in the socket
and for holding the entire unit in the testing machine.
Figure 1—Schematic Sketch of a Typical Spherical Bearing Block
TS-3c T 22-5 AASHTO
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5.3. Load Indication:
5.3.1. If the load of a compression machine used in concrete tests is registered on a dial, the dial shall be
provided with a graduated scale that can be read to at least the nearest 0.1 percent of the full scale
load (Note 8). The dial shall be readable within 1 percent of the indicated load at any given load
level within the loading range. In no case shall the loading range of a dial be considered to include
loads below the value that is 100 times the smallest change of load that can be read on the scale.
The scale shall be provided with a graduation line equal to zero and so numbered. The dial pointer
shall be of sufficient length to reach the graduation marks; the width of the end of the pointer shall
not exceed the clear distance between the smallest graduations. Each dial shall be equipped with a
zero adjustment located outside the dial case and easily accessible from the front of the machine
while observing the zero mark and dial pointer. Each dial shall be equipped with a suitable device
that at all times, until reset, will indicate to within 1 percent accuracy the maximum load applied
to the specimen.
Note 8—As close as can reasonably be read is considered to be 0.5 mm (0.02 in.) along the arc
described by the end of the pointer. Also, one half of the scale interval is about as close as can
reasonably be read when the spacing on the load-indicating mechanism is between 1 mm (0.04 in.)
and 2 mm (0.06 in.). When the spacing is between 2 mm and 3 mm (0.06 in. and 0.12 in.), one
third of a scale interval can be read with reasonable certainty. When the spacing is 3 mm (0.12 in.)
or more, one fourth of a scale interval can be read with reasonable certainty.
5.3.2. If the testing machine load is indicated in digital form, the numerical display must be large enough
to be easily read. The numerical increment must be equal to or less than 0.10 percent of the full-
scale load of a given loading range. In no case shall the verified loading range include loads less
than the minimum numerical increment multiplied by 100. The accuracy of the indicated load
must be within 1.0 percent for any value displayed within the verified loading range. Provision
must be made for adjusting to indicate true zero at zero load. There shall be provided a maximum
load indicator that at all times until reset will indicate within 1.0 percent system accuracy the
maximum load applied to the specimen.
5.4. Provide a means for containing fragments in the event of explosive rupture of the cylinders
during testing.
6. SPECIMENS
6.1. Specimens shall not be tested if any individual diameter of a cylinder differs from any other
diameter of the same cylinder by more than 2 percent (Note 9).
Note 9—This may occur when single-use molds are damaged or deformed during shipment,
when flexible single-use molds are deformed during molding, or when a core drill deflects or
shifts during drilling.
6.2. Neither end of compressive test specimens, when tested, shall depart from perpendicularity to the
axis by more than 0.5 degrees (approximately equivalent to 3 mm in 300 mm (0.12 in. in 12 in. for
a 6-by-12-in. cylinder) or 2 mm in 200 mm (0.08 in. in 8 in. for a 4-by-8-in. cylinder)). The ends
of compression test specimens that are not plane within 0.050 mm (0.002 in.) shall be sawed or
ground to meet that tolerance or capped in accordance with either T 231 or, when permitted,
ASTM C1231/C1231M. The diameter used for calculating the cross-sectional area of the test
specimen shall be determined to the nearest 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) by averaging two diameters
measured at right angles to each other at about mid-height of the specimen.
6.3. The number of individual cylinders measured for determination of average diameter may be
reduced to one for each ten specimens or three specimens per day, whichever is greater, if all
cylinders are known to have been made from a single lot of reusable or single-use molds which
consistently produce specimens with average diameters within a range of 0.5 mm (0.02 in.). When
TS-3c T 22-6 AASHTO
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the average diameters do not fall within the range 0.5 mm (0.02 in.) or when the cylinders are not
made from a single lot of molds, each cylinder tested must be measured and the value used in the
calculation of the unit compressive strength of that specimen. When the diameters are measured at
the reduced frequency, the cross-sectional areas of all cylinders tested on that day shall be
computed from the average of the diameters of the three or more cylinders representing the group
tested that day.
6.4. If the purchaser of the testing services requests measurement of density of the test specimen,
determine the mass of the specimen before capping. Remove any surface moisture with a
towel and measure the mass of the specimen using a balance or scale that is accurate to within
0.3 percent of the mass being measured. Measure the length of the specimen to the nearest 1 mm
(0.05 in.) at three locations spaced evenly around the circumference. Compute the average length
and record to the nearest 1 mm (0.05 in.). Alternatively, determine the cylinder density by
weighing the cylinder in air and then submerged under water at 23.0 ± 2.0°C (73.5 ± 3.5°F) and
computing the volume according to Section 8.3.1.
6.5. When density determination is not required and the length to diameter ratio is less than 1.8 or
more than 2.2, measure the length of the specimen to the nearest 0.05D.
7. PROCEDURE
7.1. Compression tests of moist-cured specimens shall be made as soon as practicable after removal
from moist storage.
7.2. Test specimens shall be kept moist by any convenient method during the period between removal
from moist storage and testing. They shall be tested in the moist condition.
7.3. All test specimens for a given test age shall be broken within the permissible time tolerances
prescribed as shown in Table 2.
Table 2—Permissible Time Tolerances
Test Age Permissible Tolerance
12 h ±0.25 h or 2.1%
24 h ±0.5 h or 2.1%
3 days 2 h or 2.8%
7 days 6 h or 3.6%
28 days 20 h or 3.0%
56 days 40 h or 3.0%
90 days 2 days or 2.2%
7.4. Placing the Specimen—Place the plain (lower) bearing block, with its hardened face up, on the
table or platen of the testing machine directly under the spherically seated (upper) bearing block.
Wipe clean the bearing faces of the upper- and lower-bearing blocks and of the test specimen and
place the test specimen on the lower bearing block.
7.4.1. Zero Verification and Block Seating—Prior to testing the specimen, verify that the load
indicator is set to zero. In cases where the indicator is not properly set to zero, adjust the indicator
(Note 10). As the spherically seated block is brought to bear on the specimen, rotate its movable
portion gently by hand so that uniform seating is obtained.
TS-3c T 22-7 AASHTO
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Note 10—The technique used to verify and adjust the load indicator to zero will vary depending
on the machine manufacturer. Consult your owner’s manual or compression machine calibrator for
the proper technique.
7.5. Rate of Loading—Apply the load continuously and without shock, except as permitted by ASTM
C1231/C1231M.
7.5.1. The load shall be applied at a rate of movement (platen to crosshead measurement) corresponding
to a stress rate on the specimen of 0.25 ± 0.05 MPa/s (35 ± 7 psi/s) (Note 11). The designated rate
of movement shall be maintained at least during the latter half of the anticipated loading phase.
Note 11—For a screw-driven or displacement-controlled testing machine, preliminary testing
will be necessary to establish the required rate of movement to achieve the specified stress rate.
The required rate of movement will depend on the size of the test specimen, the elastic modulus of
the concrete, and the stiffness of the testing machine.
7.5.2. During application of the first half of the anticipated loading phase, a higher rate of loading shall
be permitted. Apply the higher loading rate in a controlled manner so the specimen is not
subjected to shock loading.
7.5.3. Do not adjust the rate of movement (platen to crosshead) as the ultimate load is being approached
and the stress rate decreases due to cracking in the specimen.
7.6. Apply the compressive load until the load indicator shows that the load is decreasing steadily and
the specimen displays a well-defined fracture pattern (Figure 2). For a testing machine equipped
with a specimen break detector, automatic shutoff of the testing machine is prohibited until the
load has dropped to a value that is less than 95 percent of the peak load. When testing with
unbonded caps, a corner fracture may occur before the ultimate capacity of the specimen has been
attained. Continue compressing the specimen until the user is certain that the ultimate capacity has
been attained. Record the maximum load carried by the specimen during the test, and note the type
of fracture pattern according to Figure 2. If the fracture pattern is not one of the typical patterns
shown in Figure 2, sketch and describe briefly the fracture pattern. If the measured strength is
lower than expected, examine the fractured concrete and note the presence of large air voids,
evidence of segregation, whether fractures pass predominantly around or through the coarse
aggregate particles, and verify that end preparations were in accordance with T 231 or ASTM
C1231/C1231M.
8. CALCULATION
8.1. Calculate the compressive strength of the specimen by dividing the maximum load carried by the
specimen during the test by the average cross-sectional area determined as described in Section 6
and express the result to the nearest 0.1 MPa (10 psi).
8.2. If the specimen length-to-diameter (L/D) ratio is 1.75 or less, correct the result obtained in
Section 8.1 by multiplying the appropriate correction factor shown in the following table
(Note 12):
L/D ratio 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00
Factor 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.87
Use interpolation to determine correction factors for L/D values between those given in the table.
Note 12—Correction factors depend on various conditions, such as moisture condition, strength
level, and elastic modulus. Average values are given in the table. These correction factors apply to
lightweight concrete weighing between 1600 and 1920 kg/m3 (100 and 120 lb/ft3) and to normal
TS-3c T 22-8 AASHTO
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weight concrete. They are applicable to concrete dry or soaked at the time of loading and for
nominal concrete strengths from 15 to 45 MPa (2000 to 6000 psi). For strengths higher than
45 MPa (6000 psi) correction factors may be larger than the values listed above. 2
8.3. When required, calculate the density of the specimen to the nearest 10 kg/m3 (1 lb/ft3) as follows:
W
density = (3)
V
where:
W = mass of specimen, kg (lb); and
V = volume of specimen computed from the average diameter and average length or from
weighing the cylinder in air and submerged, m3 (ft3).
8.3.1. When the volume is determined from submerged weighing, calculate the volume as follows:
W – Ws
V = (4)
γw
where:
Ws = apparent mass of submerged specimen, kg (lb); and
γw = density of water at 23°C (73.5°F) = 997.5 kg/m3 (62.27 lb/ft3).
9. REPORT
9.1. The report shall include the following:
9.1.1. Identification number;
9.1.2. Diameter (and length, if outside the range of 1.8D to 2.2D), in millimeters or inches;
9.1.3. Cross-sectional area, in square centimeters or square inches;
9.1.4. Maximum load, in kilonewtons or pounds-force;
9.1.5. Compressive strength calculated to the nearest 0.1 MPa (10 psi);
9.1.6. Type of fracture, if other than the usual cone (see Figure 2);
Figure 2—Sketches of Types of Fracture
TS-3c T 22-9 AASHTO
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9.1.6.1. Cone (a)—Well-formed cones on both ends;
9.1.6.2. Cone and Split (b)—Well-formed cone on one end, vertical cracks(s) through the other end;
9.1.6.3. Cone and Shear (c)—Well-formed cone on one end, with a diagonal fracture extending to the
other end;
9.1.6.4. Shear (d)—Diagonal fracture with no cracking through the ends; or
9.1.6.5. Columnar (e)—Columnar vertical cracking through the specimen.
9.1.7. Defects in either specimen or caps; and
9.1.8. Age of specimen.
9.1.9. When determined, record the density to the nearest 10 kg/m3 (1 lb/ft3).
10. PRECISION AND BIAS
10.1. Precision:
10.1.1. Within-Test Precision—The following table provides the within-test precision of tests of 150-by-
300-mm (6-by-12-in.) and 100-by-200-mm (4-by-8-in.) cylinders made from a well-mixed sample
of concrete under laboratory conditions and under field conditions (see Section 10.1.2):
Coefficient of Acceptable Rangea of Individual Cylinder Strengths
Variationa 2 Cylinders 3 Cylinders
150 × 300 mm (6 × 12 in.)
Laboratory conditions 2.4% 6.6% 7.8%
Field conditions 2.9% 8.0% 9.5%
100 × 200 mm (4 × 8 in.)
Laboratory conditions 3.2% 9.0% 10.6%
a
These numbers represent respectively the (1s) and (d2s) limits as described in ASTM C670.
10.1.2. The within-test coefficient of variation represents the expected variation of measured strength of
companion cylinders prepared from the same sample of concrete and tested by one laboratory at
the same age. The values given for the within-test coefficient of variation of 150-by-300-mm
(6-by-12-in.) cylinders are applicable for compressive strengths between 15 and 55 MPa (2000
and 8000 psi) and those for 100-by-200-mm (4-by-8-in.) cylinders are applicable for compressive
strengths between 17 and 32 MPa (2500 and 4700 psi.) The within-test coefficients of variation
for 150-by-300-mm (6-by-12-in.) cylinders are derived from CCRL concrete proficiency sample
data for laboratory conditions and a collection of 1265 test reports from 225 commercial testing
laboratories in 1978 (ASTM Research Report RR: C09-1006). 3 The within-test coefficient of
variation of 100-by-200-mm (4-by-8-in.) cylinders are derived from CCRL concrete proficiency
sample data for laboratory conditions (ASTM Research Report RR: C09-1027). 4
10.1.3. Multilaboratory Precision—The multilaboratory coefficient of variation for compressive strength
test results of 150-by-300-mm (6-by-12-in.) cylinders has been found to be 5.0 percent; therefore,
the results of properly conducted tests by two laboratories on specimens prepared from the same
sample of concrete are not expected to differ by more than 14 percent of the average (see
Note 13). A strength test result is the average of two cylinders tested at the same age.
TS-3c T 22-10 AASHTO
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Note 13—The multilaboratory precision does not include variations associated with different
operators preparing test specimens from split or independent samples of concrete. These variations
are expected to increase the multilaboratory coefficient of variation.
10.1.4. The multilaboratory data were obtained from six separate organized strength testing round-robin
programs where 150-by-300-mm (6-by-12-in.) cylindrical specimens were prepared at a single
location and tested by different laboratories. The range of average strength from these programs
was 17.0 to 90 MPa (2500 to 13,000 psi).
Note 14—ASTM Subcommittee C09.61 will continue to examine recent concrete proficiency
sample data and field test data and make revisions to precision statements when data indicate that
they can be extended to cover a wider range of strengths and specimen sizes.
10.2. Bias—Because there is no accepted reference material, no statement on bias is being made.
1
This method agrees technically with C39/C39M-05 except for the use of SI units, and C39 provides qualification
restrictions for concrete laboratory technicians performing acceptance tests.
2
Barlett, F. M., and J. G. MacGregor. “Effect of Core Length-to-Diameter Ratio on Concrete Core Strength.”
ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 91, No. 4, July–August, 1994, pp. 339–348.
3
Supporting data may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: C09-1006 from the American Society
for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
4
Supporting data may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: C09-1027 from the American Society for
Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
TS-3c T 22-11 AASHTO
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