RIAU GAS FIRED POWER PLANT
(PEAKER) 200 MW
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BACKFILLING PROCEDURE
Owner : PT. PLN (Persero)
Project : Riau Gas Fired Power Plant (Peaker) 200 MW
Contract Number : 0683.4.PJ/DAN.02.01/DIR/2017
Location : Balai Pungut, Riau
Contractor : PT. Bagus Karya - AECOM - PLN Indonesia Power Services
Doc Number :
Prepared By Checked By Approved By
Rev. Date Reason for Issue
KSO PUSMANPRO PLN
0 21/02/2025 Issued for Approval SMD
RIAU GAS FIRED POWER PLANT
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1. SCOPE
This document covers the sequence of activities for backfill and compaction
procedure for structure systems and to ensure the compliance to the above
activities with the contractual applications and HSE requirements in RIAU GAS
FIRED POWER PLANT (PEAKER) 200 MW Project.
2. REFERENCES
The requirements of the following standards shall form an integral part of this
specification in the manner and to the extents specified in:
ASTM D2049 Test Method Indicated
ASTM C33 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregate
ASTM D1557 Standard Test Methods for Moisture
ASTM D2310 Standard Classification for Machine
ASTM D448 Standard Classification for Sizes Aggregate
ASTM D1556 Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight
of Soil in Place by Sand-Cone Method
ASTM D698 Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction
Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort
ASTM D422 Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of
Soils
ASTM C127 Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity
ASTM D4253 Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight
ASTM D4254 Minimum Index Density and Unit
USBR EARTH MANUAL
Approved Drawing
Document Contract
3. PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Total Station 1 Set
Auto Level 1 Set
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Excavator 1 Unit
Dump Truck 1 Unit
Compacting Roller As Required
Tampering Jack 1 Unit
Plate Compactor 1 Unit
Water Tank 1 Unit
Water Pump 1 Unit
4. MATERIAL
4.1. Backfill Material
General: Backfill with sound materials, free from waste, organic matter,
rubbish, boggy or other unsuitable materials.
General Materials Requirements: Conform materials used for backfilling to the
requirements specified. Follow common fill requirements whenever drainage
or select fill is not specified. Determine and obtain the approval of the
appropriate test method where more than one compaction test method is
specified.
4.2. Drainage Fill
Materials for Drainage Fill: Use clean gravel, crushed stone, or other suitable
material conforming to the gradation specified for drainage fill. Clay and fine particles
are unacceptable in drainage fill.
4.3. Select Fill
Materials for Select Fill: Use clean gravel, crushed stone, washed shell, or other
granular or similar material as approved which can be readily and thoroughly
compacted to 95 percent of the maximum dry density obtainable by ASTM D 1557.
Unallowed Materials: Very fine sand, uniformly graded sands and gravels, sand and
silt, soft earth, or other materials that have a tendency to flow under pressure when
wet are unacceptable as select fill.
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4.4. Common Fill
Materials for Common Fill: Material from on-site excavation may be used as
common fill provided that it can be readily compacted to 90 percent of the
maximum dry density obtainable by ASTM D 1557, and does not contain
unsuitable material.
Cohesive Materials On-Site: Cohesive site material may be used as common
fill. The gradation requirements do not apply to cohesive common fill. Use
material having a liquid limit less than or equal to 40 and a plasticity index less
than or equal to 20.
5. BACKFILL WORK
5.1. Preparation
Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities from
damage caused by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and
other hazards created by earthwork operations.
Provide erosion-control measures to prevent erosion or displacement of soils
and discharge of soil-bearing water runoff or airborne dust to adjacent
properties and walkways.
5.2. Execution
5.2.1 Electrical Duct and Precast Manhole Bedding
All utility shall be constructed in conformance with safety standards
Bedding Compaction: Bed all electrical ducts and precast manholes in
well graded, compacted, select fill conforming to the requirements
except as otherwise shown, specified, or required. Extend electrical
duct bedding a minimum of 6 inches below the bottom of the duct
encasement for the full trench width. Compact bedding thickness no
less than 6 inches for precast concrete manhole bases.
Bedding Placement: Place select fill used for bedding beneath
electrical ducts and precast manhole bases, in uniform layers not
greater than 9 inches in loose thickness. Thoroughly compact in place
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with suitable mechanical or pneumatic tools to not less than 95 percent
of the maximum dry density as determined by ASTM D 1557.
Use of Select Fill: Bed existing underground structures, tunnels,
conduits and pipes crossing the excavation with compacted select fill
material. Place bedding material under and around each existing
underground structure, tunnel, conduit or pipe and extend underneath
and on each side to a distance equal to the depth of the trench below
the structure, tunnel, conduit or pipe.
5.2.2 Pipe Bedding and Initial Backfill
Hand Placement: Place select fill by hand for initial pipe backfill from
top of bedding to 1 foot over top of pipes in uniform layers not greater
than 6 inches in loose thickness. Tamp under pipe haunches and
thoroughly compact in place the select fill with suitable mechanical or
pneumatic tools to not less than 95 percent of the maximum dry
density as determined by ASTM D 1557.
5.2.3 Bedding Placement and Backfill for Pipe in the Short Tunnel
Bed pipelines or electrical ducts placed in short tunnels in select fill or
2500 psi concrete. Completely fill the remainder of the annular space
between the outside of the pipe wall and the tunnel wall with select fill,
suitable job-excavated material, as approved. Suitably support
pipelines or ducts in short tunnels to permit placing of backfill suitably
tamped in place.
5.2.4 Trench Backfill
General: Backfill material shall be clean earth fill composed of sand,
clay and sand, sand and stone, crushed stone, or an approved
combination thereof. Backfilling shall be accomplished under two
specified requirements: First Lift, from trench grade to a point 12
inches above the top of the utility, and, Second Lift, from the top of the
First Lift to the ground surface. Where thrust blocks, encasements, or
other below-grade concrete work have been installed, backfilling shall
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not proceed until the concrete has obtained sufficient strength to support
the backfill load. First Lift: Fine material shall be carefully placed and
tamped around the lower half of the utility. Backfilling shall be
carefully continued in compacted and tested layers not exceeding 6
inches in thickness for the full trench width, until the fill is 12 inches
above the top of the utility, using the best available material from the
excavation, if approved. The material for these first layers of backfill
shall be lowered to within 2 feet above the top of pipes before it is
allowed to fall, unless the material is placed with approved devices
that protect the pipes from impact. The "First Lift" shall be thoroughly
compacted and tested before the "Second Lift" is placed. Unless
otherwise specified, compaction shall equal 98% of maximum density,
as determined by ASTM D 1557. The "First Lift" backfill shall exclude
stones, or rock fragments larger than the following: Second Lift: The
remainder of the trench, above the "First Lift", shall be backfilled and
tested in layers not exceeding 6 inches. The maximum dimension of a
stone, rock, or pavement fragment shall be 6 inches. When trenches
are cut in pavements or areas to be paved, compaction, as
determined by ASTM D 1557, shall be equal to 98% of maximum
density, with compaction in other areas not less than 95% of
maximum density in unpaved portions of the Rights-of-Way or 90% of
maximum density in other areas. As an alternative, or if required
under roadways, Flowable Fill may be substituted. If Flowable Fill is to
be used, a fabric mesh shall be installed between the “first lift” and the
Flowable Fill. Flowable Fill shall be in accordance with Section 4.7.
AH of the Lee County Utilities Operations Manual.
Compaction Methods: The above specified compaction shall be
accomplished using accepted standard methods (powered tampers,
vibrators, etc.), with exception that the first two feet of backfilling over
the pipe shall be compacted by hand-operated tamping devices.
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Flooding or puddling with water to consolidate backfill is not acceptable,
except where sand is the only material utilized and encountered and
the operation has been approved by the OWNER.
Dropping of Material on Work: Do trench backfilling work in such a
way as to prevent dropping material directly on top of any conduit or
pipe through any great vertical distance. Do not allow backfilling
material from a bucket to fall directly on a structure or pipe and, in all
cases, lower the bucket so that the shock of falling earth will not
cause damage.
Distribution of Large Materials: Break lumps up and distribute any
stones, pieces of crushed rock or lumps which cannot be readily
broken up, throughout the mass so that all interstices are solidly filled
with fine material.
5.2.5 Structure Backfill
Use of Select Fill: Use select fill underneath all structures, and
adjacent to structures where pipes, connections, electrical ducts and
structural foundations are to be located within this fill. Use select fill
beneath all pavements, walkways, and railroad tracks, and extend to
the bottom of pavement base course or ballast. Place backfill in
uniform layers not greater than 8 inches in loose thickness and
thoroughly compact in place with suitable approved mechanical or
pneumatic equipment. Compact backfill to not less than 95 percent of
the maximum dry density as determined by ASTM D 1557.
Use of Common Fill: Use common granular fill adjacent to structures
in all areas not specified above, unless otherwise shown or specified.
Select fill may be used in place of common granular fill at no
additional cost.
Extend such backfill from the bottom of the excavation or top of
bedding to the bottom of subgrade for lawns or lawn replacement, the
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top of previously existing ground surface or to such other grades as may
be shown or required.
Place backfill in uniform layers not greater than 8 inches in loose
thickness and thoroughly compact in place with suitable equipment,
as specified above.
Compact backfill to not less than 90 percent of the maximum dry
density as determined by ASTM D 1557.
5.2.6 Compaction
Equipment and Methods: Carry out all compaction with suitable
approved equipment and methods.
Compact clay and other cohesive material with sheep's-foot rollers or
similar equipment where practicable. Use hand held pneumatic
tampers elsewhere for compaction of cohesive fill material.
Compact low cohesive soils with pneumatic-tire rollers or large
vibratory equipment where practicable. Use small vibratory equipment
elsewhere for compaction of cohesionless fill material.
Do not use heavy compaction equipment over pipelines or other
structures, unless the depth of fill is sufficient to adequately distribute
the load.
Table 1. Tolerance of Finish Surface 3
5.2.7 Finish Grading
Final Contours: Perform finish grading in accordance with the
completed contour elevations and grades shown and blend into
conformation with remaining natural ground surfaces.
Leave all finished grading surfaces smooth and firm to drain.
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Bring finish grades to elevations within plus or minus 0.10 foot of
elevations or contours shown.
Surface Drainage: Perform grading outside of building or structure
lines in a manner to prevent accumulation of water within the area.
Where necessary or where shown, extend finish grading to ensure
that water will be carried to drainage ditches, and the site area left
smooth and free from depressions holding water.
6. INSPECTION AND TESTING OF BACKFILLING
Sampling and Testing: Provide sampling, testing, and laboratory methods in
accordance with the appropriate ASTM Standard Specification. Subject all backfill to
these tests.
Compaction density tests shall be made at all such backfill areas.
Correction of Work: Correct any areas of unsatisfactory compaction by removal and
replacement, or by scarifying, aerating or sprinkling as needed and recompaction in
place prior to placement of a new lift.
Table 2. Standard Test Procedure for Backfill Materials
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7. HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
Contractor Safety officers shall carry out the safety site inspections to ensure that
safety requirements laid out in the safe work plan are being followed during and after
the excavation work.
Safetyman shall review Safety Action Plan and secure Work Permit if necessary prior
to start of any activities job safe analysis will be strictly followed.
Barricading of excavation and “swing” areas of equipment shall be checked prior to
the commencement of work.
Persons involved in excavation work shall be provided with and use a standard each
person shall wear a safety helmet and safety footwear.
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APPENDIX
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