UNDERGRADUATE FINAL YEAR PROJECT REPORT

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Textile Engineering

DESIGN OF WOVEN TOP AND BOTTOM FOR YOUNG FEMALE CONSUMER

Course Code: TE427 Course Title: Project (Thesis)

Submitted By
Shorifur Rahman Ayon ID: 191-23-5594
Abdullah Al Masud ID: 191-23-5517

Advised By
Abdullah Al Mamun
Associate Professor
Department of Textile Engineering

This Report Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree
of Bachelor of Science in Textile Engineering

Advance in Apparel Manufacturing Technology

Fall – 2022
 Author’s Declaration

We declare that we are the sole authors of this project. It is the actual copy of the project
that was accepted by our advisor(s) including any necessary revisions. We also grant
Daffodil International University permission to reproduce and distribute electronic or
paper copies of this project.

……………………….. ………………………….

Signature and Date Signature and Date

Abdullah Al Masud Shorifur Rahman Ayon

191-23-5517 191-23-5594

[email protected] [email protected]

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 Statement of Contributions

Shorifur Rahman Ayon and Abdullah Al Masud carried out the experiment. Shorifur Rahman

create the design of the garments, and also made all the samples. Shorifur rahman takes

feedback from the target audience and communicates with them to improve the design.

Shorifur Rahman also calculated the consumption and CM of garments. Abdullah Al Masud

took all the measurements of the garments and also did the testing of the fabric as well.

Abdullah Al Masud made the beginning part of the order sheet and Shorifur Rahman made

the ending part of the order sheet. Shorifur Rahman Ayon took the lead in writing the

manuscript. All authors provided critical feedback and helped shape the research, analysis, and

manuscript. Shorifur Rahman Ayon and Abdullah Al Masud conceived the original idea.

Abdullah Al Mamun supervised the project.

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 Acknowledgments

“In the name of ALLAH, the most Merciful and Beneficent”

At first, we would like to thank almighty ALLAH for allowing us to complete the report. we also want to
thank all the people who have given their support and assistance and an extremely grateful to all of them for
the complete report successfully. Daffodil International University provided us with enormous support and
guidance for my internship program to be completed successfully. It is for the first time that we can gather
real-life experience working on a comparison report. We also like to express our deepest sense of gratitude to
supervisor professor Abdullah Al Mamun, Associate professor, Department of Textile Engineering for his
continuous advice, encouragement, and guidance to make the Project report. Last but not least, Appreciation
goes to our precious family for their never-ending love and inspiration at every stage of our life. Without their
continuous, we realize that we would not be the person we are right now.

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 Executive Summary
This study looked at the specific parts, needs, and preferences that women have for the clothes

they wear every day. It paid special attention to how the clothes work, how they look, and how

they affect the environment. At first, it was thought that useful features would be the most

important. However, the study found that aesthetic features were more important, while

expressive features were less important overall. But the participants still liked things that had

feminine touches, and unique design elements, and showed off their own personalities. This

study gives important information about the fashion tastes and concerns of a certain group of

businesswomen. This can help clothing companies figure out what features women want in

their everyday clothes.

The study shows how important it is to think about how clothes make people feel, how they

can be used, and how they affect the environment. Even though most of the participants were

happy with the options for formal and casual clothes, there was still room for improvement.

The study involved getting feedback from the participants, making prototype clothes based on

their ideas, and judging the designs. The suggestions were then put into a second round of

prototypes, which were shown to the participants. Based on their feedback, more changes were

made. The local apparel industry might benefit from this all-around look at the creative and

ordering processes. When designers know what their target women want from their clothes,

they can make clothes that are not only needed but also wanted.

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 Table of Contents

Executive Summary V
List of Tables X
List of Abbreviations XI
List of Formula XII

Chapter 1: Introduction 13
1.1 Background Information 13
1.2 Significance and Motivation 13
1.3 Aims and Objectives 14
1.4 Methodology 15
1.5 Report Outline 18
1.6 Prototype Development 18
1.6.1 Fabric and Trim Sourcing 18

Chapter 2: Literature Review 19

Chapter3: Experimental Procedures – Model Description 22

3.1 Idea Generation: 22
3.1.1 Choosing the target audience 22
3.2.1 Choosing the type of product 22
3.2 Sketched the design 23
3.3 Draw it digitally 25
3.4 Fabric sourcing 25
3.5 Fabric testing 26
3.5.1 Lab test results for top 26
3.5.1.1 Using the strip method to figure out maximum force and length at extreme load: 26
3.5.1.2 Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method 27
3.5.1.3 To use an altered Martindale method to find out how resistant fabrics are to pilling, fuzzing, and
moldings 27
3.5.1.5 Colour Fastness to Washing 28
3.5.2 Lab test results for bottom 28
3.5.2.1 Determination of maximum force and elongation at maximum force using the 28
strip method 28
3.5.2.2 Determination of specimen breakdown 29
3.5.2.4 Determine the pH of the aqueous extract in the textile. 30
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 3.5.2.5 Colour Fastness to Washing 30
3.6 Taking the measurements 30
3.7 Creating the first or proto sample 32
3.7.1 Consumption of the proto sample 33
3.7.2 Consumption of bottom part 36
3.7.3 CM of the proto sample 37
3.7.3.2 CM of bottom part 38
Sample Costing Format: 38
3.8 Identify mistakes and find room for improvement 39
3.9 Changes made according to the suggestions 39
3.10 Second sample making 39
3.11 Displaying it to the target audience 41
3.12 Create photo sample 41
3.13 Create of pp sample 41

Chapter 4: Result and discussion and Project Demo 43

4.1 Order sheet 43

Chapter 5: Professional Responsibilities, Health, Safety,Socio-cultural, and environmental consideration 55

5.1 Introduction 55
5.2 Codes and standards used in the design approach 55
5.3 Ethical principles 56
5.3.1 Livable Wages 56
5.3.2 Going Green 56
5.3.3 Fair Labor Practices 56
5.4 Health, safety, legal and cultural issues 57
5.5 Impact of the project on the environment and sustainability 57

Chapter 6: Conclusions 58

Chapter 7: References 61

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 List of Figures
Figure 1: Detailed flowchart of Phase Model
………………………………………………………………………15

Figure 2: final sketch………………………………………………..21

Figure 3: Digital Draw………………………………………………22

Figure 4: Figure 5: Measurement points of top part…………………30

Figure 5: Figure 5: Measurement points of bottom part………..……31

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 List of Tables
Table .1: Measurement sheet of top part................................................................................... 27
Table .2: Measurement sheet of bottom part…………………………………………………..28
Table .3: Sample costing format for top………………………………………………………..33
Table .4: Sample costing format for bottom……………………………………………………34
Table .5: Second Sample costing format……………………………………………………….36

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 List of Abbreviations

CM Cost of Manufacturing
ETP International Organization for Standardization
cm Centimeter
HPS Highest shoulder point
WB Waistband
SMV Standard Minute Value

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 List of Formula

1. Fabric consumption formula for the Body Parts:

{ (Centre Back length + Allowance) x (1/2Chest+Allowance }x2

Formula=-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+Wastage%

36xFabric width x 2.54 x 2.54

2. Fabric consumption for the sleeve Parts:

{ ( Sleeve Length + Allowance) x (Arm hole+Allowance }x2

Formula=-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+Wastage%

36xFabric width x 2.54 x 2.54

3. Fabric consumption for Pant:

{½ waist cir. X front rise } x 2 + {½ thigh cir. X inseam x 4}

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+wastage%

36 x fabric Width x 2.54 x 2.54

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Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Background Information

The primary objective of this study was to create a product that would gauge female

opinion in the direction of a style appropriate for business meetings and social gatherings. As

many women are starting new jobs at the firm, and since the proportion of women in the

consumer market is steadily rising, this action was taken. Besides wanting to spend extra for

environmentally friendly goods, women are also looking for clothing designed specifically for

them to wear to the office and social gatherings.

Garment design incorporates elements such as color, fabric, volume, lines, form,

structure, proportion, stability, emphasis or focal point, rhythm, and symphony. Each one

contributes to the garment's overall attractiveness and psychological ease of use. Using ideas

from mirages, designers may create illusions that make users look better (Davis, 1996). The

researcher took into account the linguistic, aesthetic, and environmental components of

women's clothes to come up with two designs for the top and bottom of the overall look.

Attitude and attractiveness have been shown to affect a woman's assessment of the significance

and appeal of the clothes she chooses to wear when going out. This project established a

framework for the two garments that prioritizes the need for expression and visual appeal in

apparel.

1.2 Significance and Motivation

It's been theorized that women can achieve greater success if they dress correctly, which

could lead to greater job satisfaction. Women who are just starting their careers or adult lives in

general but who bring unique perspectives to the table might be a valuable customer base.

It is uncertain if the needs are being met at the present time because the opinions of

Bangladeshi women on corporate clothes have not been investigated, thus this study is centered
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on them.

The research also intends to tackle the growing issue of women's hesitation to purchase

environmentally safe goods.

We would disagree that a generic assessment of fashion attributes may be extremely

simplified and may not effectively represent the specific interests of different client groups

because fashion taste is heavily impacted by culture. For instance, women between the ages of

18 and 25 tend to choose more modern western apparel, whereas women beyond the age of 25

tend to prefer fashionable gear that leans more toward the traditional. Again, preferences can

run the gamut from, say, casual clothes to business attire. The problem for most 18-25 year old

ladies is that their go-to clothes are either too formal or too casual for the event. This style was

developed as a compromise between too formal and too casual.

1.3 Aims and Objectives

This project's overarching objective is to compile a comprehensive set of considerations

that young consumers make while shopping for casual wear. This study provides strong

evidence that cultural factors like location have a significant impact on individuals' sense of

style. So, the indicated Bangladeshi fashion features cannot be universally applied. Customers

make purchases in an effort to maximize profits while minimizing outlays, as stated by the

rational choice theory.

Similarly, several things influence a shopper's final decision when it comes to clothing

purchases. Features of the product that deliver the intended perceived advantage indicate a set of

12 universal criteria for evaluating apparel, including brand, value, color, aesthetic, style, fabric,

uniqueness, lifespan, and warmth. Although there is a sizable market for textile items in

developing countries like Bangladesh, there is a lack of research and products that explore the

desired fashion traits of the younger generation's buyers. The traditional clothing worn by ladies

in Bangladesh dates back centuries. The idea behind this type of clothing is to bridge the gap
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 between overly formal and too casual attire. between Western-style extremes and slavish

adherence to tradition. In order to meet the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals

(SDGs), we intend to keep the product's price as low as is practicable while still using at least

adequate components and, ideally, the greatest service levels possible. To that end, we're

working on making a structure with a top and bottom. to identify the obstacles encountered

during development of the aforementioned items. in order to identify possible answers to the

problems encountered when developing these goods. try on the top and bottom and see how

they feel. The author's goal in designing for the local market is to attract the attention of

potential international clients so that the finished product may be exported from Bangladesh.

1.4 Methodology

To enable the researcher to fully understand exactly what women wanted from their

outerwear, qualitative data were gathered. Two models, a top and a bottom, were created taking

into account the participant's feedback, the resources that were available, and the researcher's

design concepts. The author interviewed with ten participants that lies in the determined target

market. The participants next assessed pictures of the sample clothes. In order to determine the

consumption and CM of our two outfits, we will apply the merchandiser approach. The design is

sketched up digitally using illustrator software.

The following model was developed to graphically illustrate every step in the flowchart of

this project. (see Figure 1).

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Figure 1. Detailed flowchart of Phase Model

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 1.5 Report Outline

In this report, we explained our project in detail. In chapter 1, we described the background.

aims and methods. In chapter 2, we reviewed some literature. In chapter 3, we discussed the

procedure and model description. Methodology and implementation. In chapter 4, we talked

about results and discussion. In chapter 5, Professional Responsibilities, Health, Safety,

Socio-cultural, and environmental considerations are given. In chapter 6, we concluded the

report. lastly, we give references.

1.6 Prototype Development

1.6.1 Fabric and Trim Sourcing

Even though the researcher wanted to use environmentally friendly fabrics no matter

what the answers were, she couldn't because they were hard to find and expensive. For

this study to be finished, there also had to be a less expensive option.

The researcher made two outfits that go together and also made four separate items of

clothing. Because of this, it was important that the main colors or materials for each

outfit go well with the pieces that go with it.

It was hoped that the fabrics, designs, and looks of each outfit would now show what

the participants liked, based on what they said in the discussion.

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 Chapter 2: Literature Review
Author[1] has made an article about fashion design based on new materials. In

this article, the author explains the material and design. The author managed to put a

clear knowledge of the relationship between clothing material and clothing design art,

the development of new clothing for different purposes, etc. They did some research

on the improvement, development, and evolution of clothing and design. It would be

more helpful if they provided visual representations and specific detailed examples.

They did not talk about any specific design or clothing. Author[2] did their research

on female fashion consumer behavior from the perspective of a shop which is called

fever. This article has a clear analysis of female consumer behavior and the shop's

situation which is struggling with female fashion products. But the author mentioned

that female consumers want cheap and fashionable products and they don’t prefer

brands that much. This is doubtful because in this world there are so many expensive

female brands and shops doing pretty well. Other than that author said that female

consumers like chain stores which we agree on. Author[3] did their article on how

young consumers think about clothing fit. They did pretty well to explain the gap

between researcher and consumer language and the dimensions that consumers

consider about clothing fit which are physical fit, aesthetic fit, and functional fit. But

the researchers did their research on a US university with a majority of US students.

It would be better if they did this research with more diversified ethnic students.

Author[4] did their research on female apparel consumers’ understanding of body size

and shape, the Relationship among body measurements, fit satisfaction, and body

cathexis. They did their research on college and university female students. Mainly

they discussed bottom garments like pants. They did pretty well to explain the

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relationship between fit satisfaction, body satisfaction, and body perception. Mostly

female's body perceptions and actual size have differences and are pretty opposite.

There is no relationship between body perception and fit satisfaction but there is a bit

of an association between body satisfaction and fit satisfaction. The author also found

that females have misconceptions about the ideal body because of the media. And

companies also make garments according to that ideal body. People also get less

opportunity to get knowledge about their actual body shape. The author could’ve done

more by researching other diversified universities or areas rather than the Northeast

region of the United States. Author[5] has talked about fast fashion. They did their

research based on how fashion has changed since 1990. Especially young consumers

are the reason the fast fashion term came. The author mentioned that generation y

tends to buy many cheap, low-quality products for fashion rather than a few

high-quality products and then throw that away after fashion changes. This is actually

not applicable to the lower-income country. But from a first-world country

perspective, it is quite accurate. Author [6] did their experiment on a model with

datasets of 80,000 fashion products sold in six years on Amazon. They tried to

forecast the future popular fashion trend. Their model predicts the future popularity of

the styles and reveals their life cycle and status. This is a great experiment for

companies to make their product by predicting the future of style. Prediction can be

wrong sometimes but mostly it comes out accurate in the fashion world just like a

weather forecast. Author[7] researched consumer attitude and purchase decision

towards textiles and apparel products. His research discussed the market and what

affects women from various countries to buy or evaluate apparel. Various country has

various aspects but there are some common facts that affect buying. Such as price,

country of origin comfort, etc. This research is helpful for retailers and manufacturers

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to understand what to be done to attract consumers and make a quality product.

Author[8] did their research on Perceptions and attitudes towards sustainable fashion

design: challenges and opportunities for implementing sustainability in fashion. They

talked about the unsustained method of textile manufacturing and the involvement of

a designer. A designer faces internal and external challenges to make a sustainable

design. Also, there are attitude and behavior gaps in consumer purchasing decisions

on sustainable fashion clothing. Proper equipment is also a challenge. But nowadays

we think consumers, companies, and designers started to take the initiative to make

the sustainable process of making apparel.

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Chapter3: Experimental Procedures – Model
Description
As described in the previous segment, the project is divided into thirteen segments, each

of which is further divided into a variety of phases and steps. This process' various phases and

steps were all equally significant.

3.1 Idea Generation:

Making sure the product will sell and that the target market will find it

appealing was the first stage in developing this design. As a result, the researcher

separated the task into two stages: selecting the target audience and then deciding on

the kind of product.

3.1.1 Choosing the target audience

When it comes to retail apparel, selecting the target audience is essential.

The researcher tends to focus on women's clothing because there is a considerably

larger market for garments among women than among males. The entire women's

market has a large target population, which the researcher must focus on. Data

collection was essential to determining the kinds of clothing that may be designed.

Therefore, the data's accessibility and availability were just as crucial as the data

itself. Check the rationale behind selecting women between the ages of 18 and 25 as

the target audience. The retail sector also sees the most activity from customers in this

gender and age bracket.

3.2.1 Choosing the type of product

It is crucial to have an idea in your head of the kind of clothing you want

to create and the niche market you want it to fill before you start designing anything.

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Participants in the study were interviewed in-depth by the researcher. After engaging

in a brief conversation with them, the author observed that the majority of the

participants had difficulty wearing clothing that was both too formal for after-work

activities and too informal for formal settings. Additionally, it is too western or too

traditional for them to fit in with casual society. Therefore, the researcher chose to

create a product that would be ideal for this framework that focuses on the

participant's response.

3.2 Sketched the design

Designers employ sketches, a specific type of design, to suggest, investigate,

fine-tune, convey, and implement ideas. It is the first step in making the notion a

reality. Interacting in the drawing phase helped the designer establish a distinctive

style and better understand a better grasp of design aspects. The designer had full

control over the drawing process, which also helped to organize all the small elements

and rid the designer's head of any hazy vision.

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Figure 2: final sketch

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3.3 Draw it digitally

The design was first created on paper before being converted to digital using

Adobe Illustrator. Evidently, the goal of digital drawing was to rapidly and effectively

modify color or garment designs. The framework for this project is laid out in this

sketch design. All the procedures and duties are completed after being mostly reliant

on the digital sketch. Any endeavor, whether this involves designing clothing or

something else entirely, involves modifications in some form. It is far simpler and less

work-intensive to make revisions to the project using computer programs or digitally

than by hand. Researchers protected their work from being harmed whenever the

study was completed digitally. Designs could be kept in numerous versions and were

secure. When the designs were created digitally rather than physically, it required less

time. Time is saved because the procedure is speedier. They are also simple to share

and may be done repeatedly.

Bottom Top

3.4 Fabric sourcing

The two main, interrelated aspects that enhance or limit clothing comfort are

fabric characteristics and garment design. Weight, density, rigidity, stretch, and

rebound are material characteristics that have an impact on the motion. Knitted fabrics
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have a lot of leeway because of the interlinked pattern of the yarns in knits, whereas

woven fabrics are often stiffer. Since it fits the design better, the researchers selected

woven fabric for the project. The goal of the fabric was to obtain eco-friendly material

to satisfy consumer requests and worries, however, obtaining this type of fabric in

such a small number proved challenging. Additionally, the designer chose to use only

cotton in the cloth. Cotton was selected because it is commonly acknowledged in

society and because most participants favored cotton over any other material for their

leisure clothing. The all-over print was selected again for the top portion in

accordance with the design. Since it is printed everywhere, there is also dyeing

material and other things, which makes the eco-friendly aspect more challenging.

Therefore, numerous tests and certificates are required to guarantee that it is

environmentally friendly, which the designer is unable to obtain. In order to obtain the

environmental-friendly certification from a respectable organization, one of the

manufacturers contributed the appropriate fabric with the desired pattern, and they

only purchase fabric from suppliers that rigorously comply with all requirements.

Since the necessary fabric could not be found in the same location as the top, the

portion fabric again for the bottom was obtained at a nearby market. The same is true

of each of the trims and finishing touches that were applied to the project.

3.5 Fabric testing

Testing of the Fabric was done for the top and bottom separately.

3.5.1 Lab test results for top part fabric

3.5.1.1 Using the strip method to figure out maximum force and length at extreme load:

a) ISO 13934-1

b) Result:

1) Warp: 142.8 kg
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2) Weft: 112.33 kg

The results indicate that the fabric's tensile modulus in the direction of the warp is

higher than its tensile strength in the direction of the weft.

There were numerous things that led to this. During the procedure for becoming ready

to weave, the size material is put on the warp yarn, whereas the weft

yarn has no size material.

• The ends/inch of the fabric is more than that of picks/inch of the fabric.

3.5.1.2 Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method

a) ISO 12947-2

b) Results:

1) Shade Change: 4

2) Yarn Breakage at 7000 cycles

3) Weight Loss: 11.11%

This means that the fabric we used can be used in a light way. Because a score of less

than 10,000 isn't for domestic

use. This top is not suitable for regular use.

3.5.1.3 To use an altered Martindale method to find out how resistant fabrics are to pilling,

fuzzing, and moldings

a) ISO 12945-2

b) Results:

1) Pilling in 2000 cycles

2) Grade 2

Severe pilling, with different-sized and-density pills trying to cover most of the

specimen's exterior.

This implies the top won't hold up well to heavy use, and it will pill a lot, so it will get

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worn out quickly.

3.7.1.4 Determine the pH of the aqueous extract in the textile.

a) ISO 3071

b) Result:

1) pH: 6

The pH value is a measure of how safe a fabric is, and the benchmark says that it

should be between 4.0 and 9.0. Better or lesser pH value not only affects how well

the fabric works, but it may also be bad for people's health when they use it.

3.5.1.5 Colour Fastness to Washing

a) ISO 105 C06 C2S

b) Result:

1) Rating: 4

How well a fabric doesn't fade or run after being exposed to the weather is determined

by simple evaluating on a scale from 1 to 5, where 5 is the best and 1 is the worst.

3.5.2 Lab test results for bottom part fabric

3.5.2.1 Determination of maximum force and elongation at maximum force using the

strip method

a) ISO 13934-1

b) Result:

1) Warp: 144.3

2) Weft: 112.3

The results show that the fabric's tensile modulus in the direction of the warp is higher

than its tensile strength in the direction of the weft. There were numerous things that

led to this:

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• During the process of getting ready to weave, size material is added to the warp

yarn, but not to the weft yarn.

• There are more ends per inch of fabric than picks per inch of fabric.

2. Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method —

3.5.2.2 Determination of specimen breakdown

a) ISO 12947-2

b) Results:

1) Shade Change: 4

2) Yarn Breakage at 8000 cycles

3) Weight Loss: 12.27%

This means that the fabric we used can be used in a light way. Because a rub score of

less than 10,000 is not good for home use. This top is not good enough to use often.

3.7.2.3 Using a modified Martindale method, find out how resistant fabric is to pilling,

fuzzing, and moldings.

a) ISO 12945-2

b) Results:

1) Pilling in 2000 cycles

2) Grade 2

Serious pilling, with different-sized and-density pills covering most of the specimen's

surface.

This means that the top won't hold up well to heavy usages, and it will pill a lot, so it

will get worn out rapidly.

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3.5.2.4 Determine the pH of the aqueous extract in the textile.

a) ISO 3071

b) Result:

1) pH: 6

The pH value is a measure of how safe a fabric is, and the standard says that it should

be between 4.0 and 9.0.

Higher or lower pH value not only affects how well the fabric works, but it can also

hurt people's health when they use the fabric.

3.5.2.5 Colour Fastness to Washing

a) ISO 105 C06 C2S

b) Result:

1) Rating: 4

The ability of a fabric to not fade or run after being exposed to the elements is simply

graded on a scale from 1 to 5, with 5 becoming the best and 1 being the worst.

3.6 Taking the measurements

For any sort of clothing to flow and balance properly on an active physique,

proper fit is also necessary. The creation of garment shapes that offer the right comfort

is necessary for good clothing design. The length or increased girth of the garment

enables the body to relax. The garment's "balancing" holds it in place, preventing

movement-induced displacement of the garment on the body as a result of gravitation

and the frictional qualities of the fabric also known as a correct set. After choosing a
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dummy for measurement the author made the measurement sheet for both the top and

bottom.

Figure 4: Measurement points of top part

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 Measurement sheet of top part

POM CODE POINT OF MEASUREMENT REQ SPEC M (cm)

A Chest at 1" below armhole 49

B bottom hem width 48

C bottom hem height 1.5

D Back Length from HPS 45.5

E Short sleeve length from shoulder 21.5

F across shoulder 35.5

G Across front 15cm from hps 35.5

H Across back 15cm from hps 37.5

I Armhole Straight 21

J Short sleeve hem open 17.5

K sleeve hem height 4

L Hps to center of the Trim 52

M Center front to center of the Trim 10

N Placket width 2.8

O Placket Length 31.5

P Front Neck Drop 14

Q Back Neck Drop 4.5

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Figure 5: Measurement points of bottom part

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 Measurement sheet of bottom part

POM CODE POINT OF MEASUREMENT REQ SPEC M (cm)

A Waistband Height 4

B Front Waist – At 6” below WB 59

Seam - Straight

C Back Waist – At 6” below WB 59.5

Seam - Straight

D Waistband Length– Top Edge - 31

Relaxed

E Low hip – 7” below top edge 59

F Thigh - below 36
crotch seam

G Knee - 9” below crotch seam 27

H Leg Opening 28.5

I Front Rise – From Crotch to top 37

edge

J Back Rise – From Crotch to top 29

edge

K Inseam 61

L Side Seam below WB 85.5

M Bottom hem Height 3

3.7 Creating the first or proto sample

The designer made the first sample based on the design, measurement

sheet, and tech pack that had already been made. Most of the time, the sample is used

to judge how it looks and decide if any changes need to be made. The first example is

also the first time the design moves from the computer and paper to the real world. So,

it's important to make sure that the design matches the designer's idea of how it should
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look. The first sample was made in a nearby clothing factory on the sample line. For

the researcher to do this, he or she had to get permission from someone else. The

designer came up with a plan and a schedule for figuring out the SMV of both the tops

and the bottoms. The designer moved on to each step, making sure to pay close

attention to the measuring steps, which are very important. After that, CM and

consumption were both worked out.

3.7.1 Consumption of the proto sample

It is not necessary to remember any formulas for calculating fabric consumption in

order to make accurate evaluations. Mathematics and logic are essential. I'd want to

imply that, if we can determine the area of a rectangle, we can also determine how

much cloth will be needed to complete an undertaking.

The reading length and maximum breadth of this top section are needed to calculate

the total amount of fabric needed for this top section. The amount of fabric needed for

this and similar components is calculated by multiplying the length by the breadth.

Required measurement of the top:

Centre Back length = 45.5 cm

Chest = 49 cm

Sleeve Length = 25 cm

Armhole = 20.5 cm

1. Fabric consumption for the Body Parts (Body + Chest):

Here, we will apply the following formula (per dozen),

34
 { (Centre Back length + Allowance) x (1/2Chest+Allowance }x2

Formula=-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+Wastage%

36xFabric width x 2.54 x 2.54

{(45.5+2)x(49+3)}x2

=------------------------------------------+15% Yards/piece

36 x 36 x 2.54 x 2.54

{(47.5)x(51)}x2

=------------------------------------------+15% Yards/piece

36 x 36 x 2.54 x 2.54

= 0.579+0.579x15/100 yards/piece

= .66585 yards/piece

= 7.99 yards/dozen

(Note: 2.54 used to convert into inch from cm and 36 used to convert into yds from

inch).

For required fabric: {(Sleeve length+allowance) * (Armhole + allowance)} *2*12

inch2

35
1. Fabric consumption for the sleeve Parts ((Sleeve length + Armhole):

Here, we will apply the following formula (per dozen),

{ ( Sleeve Length + Allowance) x (Arm hole+Allowance)x2 }x2

Formula=-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+Was

tage%

36xFabric width x 2.54 x 2.54

{27x22.5}x2x2

=------------------------------------------+15% Yards/piece

36x36x2.54x2.54

= .290 +.290x15/100 yards/piece

= .333 yards/piece

=4.00 yards/dozen

(Note: 2.54 used to convert into inch from cm and 36 used to convert into yds from

inch).

Total fabric consumption is ( .665+.333) = .998 yards

36
 3.7.2 Consumption of bottom part

Consumption per piece:

½ Waist Cir. = 46cm+8 cm (s) = 54 cm

Front Rise = 28 incl.WB+8cm =36 cm

½ Thigh Cir = 36 cm+4cm =40 cm

Inseam = 82 cm+4cm =86 cm

Fabric width: 59 inch

Marker Efficiency: 85%

{½ waist cir. X front rise } x 2 + {½ thigh cir. X inseam x 4}

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+wastage%

36 x 59x2.54x2.54

{54 X 36} x 2 + {40 X 86 x 4}

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+15%

36 x 36x2.54x2.54

3888 + 13760

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+15%

36 x 36x2.54x2.54

= 2.110 + 2.110 x 15/100

= 2.42 yards/ pisces

= 29.11 yards/ dozon

37
3.7.3 CM of the proto sample

3.9.3.1 CM of the top part

Sample Costing Format:

ITEM DESCRIPTION RATE/yd TOTAL COST

FABRIC 1. Main fabric 1 yard 500 x 1 BDT 500 BDT

CUT MAKE AND 1. Cutting and sewing 400 BDT 400 BDT
TRIM

ACCESSORIES 1. Buttons, main label, brand tag, 50 BDT 50 BDT

Individual polybag

OVERHEADS 1. Factory, administrative work. 6% to 10% 70 BDT

2. Telephone charges, internet
charges,

WASTAGE 1. Rejection ratio 2% to 5% 40 BDT

for each segment

ADDITIONAL/ 1. Textile testing charges, clearing, 100 BDT 100 BDT

OTHER CHARGES domestic transport

TOTAL 1160 BDT

COMMISSION OF As per the standard ratio 6% to 10% 85 BDT

AGENT

TOTAL PROFIT 20% to 30% 290 BDT

MARGIN

TOTAL COST IN BD 1535 BDT

38
 3.7.3.2 CM of bottom part

Sample Costing Format:

ITEM DESCRIPTION RATE TOTAL COST

FABRIC Main fabric req 2.42 yards 165 BDT x 400 BDT
2.42 yards

CUT MAKE AND 1. Cutting and sewing 400 BDT 400 BDT
TRIM

ACCESSORIES 1. Buttons, main label, brand tag, 50 BDT 50 BDT

Individual polybag

OVERHEADS 1. Factory, administrative work. 6% to 10% 60 BDT

2. Telephone charges, internet
charges,

WASTAGE 1. Wastage ratio 2% to 5% 25 BDT

ADDITIONAL/ 1. Textile testing charges, clearing, 100 BDT 100 BDT

OTHER CHARGES domestic transport

TOTAL 1135 BDT

COMMISSION OF As per the standard ratio 6% to 10% 80 BDT

AGENT

TOTAL PROFIT 20% to 30% 285 BDT

MARGIN

TOTAL COST IN BD 1500 BDT

3.8 Identify mistakes and find room for improvement

The first prototype developed by the designer was placed inside a dummy to examine it,

spot any flaws that have been made, and discover any potential areas for development. Three

points were noted while thoroughly analyzing the two garments: first, the sleeve length needs to

39
be decreased by 2 inches; second, the bottom fabric needs to be replaced because it is quite

see-through; and third, the sleeve end needs to be fluffier.

3.9 Changes made according to the suggestions

Only one change was made after displaying it to the target audience. And it was the

location of the triangle-shaped trim that was located in the bottom hem of the top part and it

was relocated to the waist of the bottom garment.

3.10 Second sample making

Following the listing of all the errors and corrections, the second sample began to be

used. While the second sample was being created, instructions were being followed to

incorporate all the first sample's changes. It was created in the same location as the initial

sample. The measurement sheet, CM, and consumption of the second sample have changed due

to the new measurements. Except for the measurement, all the other things in the second

sample are similar to the first sample.

40
 Measurement sheet of Second Sample
POM CODE POINT OF MEASUREMENT REQ
SPEC
M (cm)

A Chest at 1" below armhole 49

B bottom hem width 48

C bottom hem height 1.5

D Back Length from HPS 45.5

E Short sleeve length from shoulder 21.5

F across shoulder 35.5

G Across front 15cm from hps 35.5

H Across back 15cm from hps 37.5

I Armhole Straight 21

J Short sleeve hem open 17.5

K sleeve hem height 4

L Hps to center of the Trim 52

M Center front to center of the Trim 10

N Placket width 2.8

O Placket Length 31.5

P Front Neck Drop 14

Q Back Neck Drop 4.5

3.11 Displaying it to the target audience

Even when it was used by a dummy, the designer also couldn't uncover any flaws or

areas for development in the clothing after the second sample was created. Since the entire

41
thing was created for this specific group, it was therefore shown to the primary target audience.

Email, Facebook Messenger, Whatsapp, and other social media were used to send the picture.

When asked if they have the opportunity to wear it, they gave a rather positive reaction. A few

recommendations were made as well, although not strongly sufficient. For instance, the

intended triangle trim component was supposed to be in the bottom half instead of the top part.

3.12 Create photo sample

After the second sample did it was time to make the photo sample. This one was made exactly

the same as the second sample with all the changes that were needed. It was made to take photos

for advancement. So this sample was made with extra care as it will be stuck to the audience to

buy the product. Also, this sample is the first impression that sets in the mind of the consumer.

So no mistakes were made and no mistakes was affordable for this sample as well.

3.13 Create of pp sample

The last sample made is a pre-shipment sample. For this author wanted to make it in an actual

production line. Due to some technical and internal rules, it was quite difficult to get permission

from any garment manufacturer small and large alike. So it was also made in the same process

as the photo sample. As it was the last sample of the project it was critical to make this the best

sample out of all. So extra detailing and focus were put on it. From measurement to hand feel

everything was done with extra effort and it was sent to some participants to get their review and

their insight as well.

42
Chapter 4: Result and discussion and Project Demo
4.1 Order sheet

After all the initial work and designs were done an order sheet was created and was ready to

send to the selected manufacturer.

SNS LIMITED
Order Number: 11BANTB2301

Issued by:
SNS LTD.
East box nagar, sarulia, Demra, Dhaka 1361,
Bangladesh

Beneficiary client and Payment Address:

SNS LTD
East box nagar, sarulia, Demra, Dhaka 1361,
Bangladesh

Supplier:
ABA FASHIONS LTD.
Borobari, Gacha, Gazipur
Bangladesh

43
 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
PRODUCT / PACKING
Packing: SOLID COLOR-1 COLOR/6 SIZES
Product Description: Summer and Spring Female Top
Product composition: 100% COTTON

Quantity
Assortment
Master CTN Unit Master carton Gross WT ordered
Color Size
barcode barcode (cm) (kg)
Master Break Master Unit

XS 1 X X 100

S 2 X X 200

M 3 X X L: 60.0 300
12 W: 40.0 7 100
AOP L 3 X X H: 15.0 300

XL 2 X X 200

XXL 1 X X 100

TOTAL 700 100 1200

44
 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
PRODUCT / PACKING
Packing: SOLID COLOR-1 COLOR/6 SIZES
Product description: Summer and Spring Female Bottom
Product composition: 100% COTTON

Quantity
Assortment
Master CTN Unit Master carton Gross WT ordered
Color Size
barcode barcode (cm) (kg)
Master Break Master Unit

XS 1 X X 100

S 2 X X 200

M 3 X X L: 60.0 300
12 W: 40.0 6.5 100
BLACK L 3 X X H: 15.0 300

XL 2 X X 200

XXL 1 X X 100

TOTAL 650 100 1200

SPECIFIC DOCUMENTS

Document Nb Nb copy
Description original
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN GSP FORM A 1 1
SPECIFIC CUSTOMS INSTRUCTIONS:
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN FOR TEXTILE PRODUCTS UNNECESSARY IF AN APPLICABLE AND VALID GSP
FORM A IS PROVIDED

Document Nb Nb copy
Description original
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN GSP FORM A 1 1

SPECIFIC CUSTOMS INSTRUCTIONS:

45
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN FOR TEXTILE PRODUCTS UNNECESSARY IF AN APPLICABLE AND VALID GSP
FORM A IS PROVIDED

Description Nb Nb copy
original
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN GSP FORM A 1 1

SPECIFIC CUSTOMS INSTRUCTIONS:

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN FOR TEXTILE PRODUCTS UNNECESSARY IF AN APPLICABLE AND VALID GSP
FORM A IS PROVIDED

GENERAL DOCUMENTS REQUIRED

Document Nb Nb Copy
Description Original
PACKING LIST 1 2
COMMERCIAL INVOICE 1 3
FORWARDER'S CERTIFICATE OF RECEIPT 1 1

WAREHOUSES ADDRESSES:

Address
DHAKA WAREHOUSE - East box nagar, Sarulia,
Demra, Dhaka 1361, Bangladesh

Shipping Mark SOLID COLOR N SIZES

SNS LTD

11BANTB2301

100% COTTON FEMALE TOP AND BOTTOM

ABA FASHIONS LTD.

Side Mark: Packing assorted by size

NET WEIGHT : KGS

GROSS WEIGHT: KGS
46
COLOR: STONE DARK
Size XS S M L XL XXL UNITS
Qty 1 2 3 3 2 1 12
CARTON NO: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
NET WEIGHT : KGS
GROSS WEIGHT: KGS
COLOR: NAVY DARK
Size XS S M L XL XXL UNITS
Qty 1 2 3 3 2 1 12
CARTON NO: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Fabric swatch card :

TOP: BOTTOM:

BODY TRIM:

SLEEVE

47
 MEASUREMENT CHART

SNS LTD

Style no: SNS202401 BUYER: SNS LTD

Summer and Spring

Description: SEASON: Summer and Spring
Female Top

FABRIC: 100% Cotton COLOR: All over print Light blue and White

TRIMS: N/A PRINT COLOR: All over print light blue

REQ REQ REQ REQ TOL

REQ REQ
SPEC SPEC SPEC SPEC +/-
POM POINT OF GRADE SPEC S SPEC L
XS M XL XXL CM
CODE MEASUREMENT RULE

ALL MEASUREMENTS IN CMS FLAT

Chest at 1" below arm
A 2.5 44 46.5 49 51.5 54 56.5 1.0
hole
B bottom hem width 2.5 43 45.5 48 50.5 53 55.5 1.0

C bottom hem height 0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.0

D Back Length from HPS 2 41.5 43.5 45.5 47.5 49.5 51.5 1.0
Short sleeve length
E 1 19.5 20.5 21.5 22.5 23.5 24.5 1.0
from shoulder
F across shoulder 2 31.5 33.5 35.5 37.5 39.5 41.5 1.0
Across front 15cm
G 2 31.5 33.5 35.5 37.5 39.5 41.5 1.0
from hps
Across back 15cm
H 2 33.5 35.5 37.5 39.5 41.5 43.5 1.0
from hps
I Armhole Straight 1 19 20 21 22 23 24 0.5
J Short sleeve hem open 0.5 16.5 17 17.5 18 18.5 19 0.5
K sleeve hem height 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 0.0
L Placket Length 2 27.5 29.5 31.5 33.5 35.5 37.5 0.3

M Front Neck Drop 0.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 0.3

N Back Neck Drop 0.5 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 0.3

48
Front Back

49
 SNS LTD

Style no: SNS202402 BUYER: SNS LTD

Summer and Spring

Description: SEASON: Summer and Spring
Female Bottom

FABRIC: 100% Cotton COLOR: BLACK

TRIMS: 1 PRINT COLOR: NA

REQ REQ REQ REQ REQ REQ TOL

SPEC SPEC SPEC SPEC SPEC SPEC +/-
POM POINT OF GRADE
XS S M L XL XXL CM
CODE MEASUREMENT RULE

ALL MEASUREMENTS IN CMS FLAT

A Waistband Height 0 3.5 3.5 3.5 5 5 5 0.5

Front Waist – At 6” below
B 2 51 53 55 57 59 61 1.0
WB Seam - Straight
Back Waist – At 6” below
C 2 53 55 57 59 61 63 1.0
WB Seam - Straight
Waistband Length– Top
D 2 27 29 31 33 35 37 1.0
Edge - Relaxed
Low hip – 7” below top
E 2 55 57 59 61 63 65 1.0
edge
Thigh - below crotch
F 2 32 34 36 38 40 42 1.0
seam
Knee - 9” below crotch
G 2 24 26 28 30 32 34 1.0
seam
H Leg Opening 1 26.5 27.5 28.5 29.5 30.5 31.5 0.5
Front Rise – From Crotch
I 1 35 36 37 38 39 40 0.5
to top edge
Back Rise – From Crotch
J 1 27 28 29 30 31 32 0.5
to top edge
K Inseam 2 57 59 61 63 65 67 1.0
L Side Seam below WB 2 81.5 83.5 85.5 87.5 89.5 91.5 0.5

M Bottom hem Height 0 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 0.3

50
Front Back

51
 TOP
BODY LABEL BUTTON THREAD POCKET NECK ZIPPER
COLOR COLOR COLOR COLOR BINDING
AOP, WHITE NA WHITE DTM TO BODY NA DTM NA

BOTTOM
BODY LABEL BUTTON THREAD POCKET NECK ZIPPER
COLOR COLOR COLOR COLOR BINDING
BLACK NA NA DTM TO BODY NA DTM NA

TRIMS

COLOR: WHITE
ATTACHED WITH: BOTTOM
DISTANCE OF CENTER OF TRIM FROM TOP OF FRONT RISE: 11.5 CM
POSITION OF CENTER OF TRIM FROM TOP OF WAISTBAND: 3 CM
HEIGHT: 15 CM
52
 WIDTH: 30 CM

PRICING
Retail price of top

Product code Color Size Price currency

833067003 Light blue aop and white M 2000 BDT

sleeve

Retail price of bottom

Product code Colo Size Price currency

r
833067003 blac M 2200 BDT
k

Care Labels

53
54
Chapter 5: Professional Responsibilities, Health,
Safety, Socio-cultural, and environmental
consideration
5.1 Introduction

While working on this project, there were other things to think about besides the designs,

costs, market analysis, etc. Some of the most important things that the designer thought about

were the codes and standards used in the design, moral values and participation, the impact of

the project on social, health, safety, legal, and cultural issues, and the impact of the project on

the environment and sustainability.

5.2 Codes and standards used in the design approach

The greater good is a primary motivation for establishing norms and regulations. The purpose of

laws and regulations is to prevent wrongful injuries, deaths, and destruction of property. To

accomplish these objectives, we will use the data we have gathered to either eliminate,

significantly minimize, or at least mitigate the threats we have discovered.

One must first have an understanding of the distinction between codes and standards. When an

organization establishes a set of regulations to ensure the welfare of its members and the general

public, it is said to have established a code. When we talk about "standards," we're referring to

benchmarks that have been endorsed by an authoritative group or the public at large.

The author has ensured that the plant where the manufacture takes place does not employ any

children. The manufacturing facility is both WRAP- and LEED-approved. The design strategy

was developed after confirming that the manufacturing facility has complied with all applicable

regulations and standards.

55
5.3 Ethical principles

The creation of clothing should be conducted in a socially and environmentally responsible

manner if it is to be considered moral. The author has ensured that the SDGs set forth by the

United Nations are strictly adhered to. The Sea, the Land, Justice, and Powerful Institutions

Companies that care about their workers' well-being and the environment will provide them with

fair wages and safe working conditions free from bias and demotivation. The designer has

guaranteed that all moral standards are met.

5.3.1 Livable Wages

Simply put, a livable income is one that doesn't require you to take on additional responsibilities

or resort to excessive forms of charity. While some companies in the fashion sector pay the

minimum wage, others offer fair wages for their employees. There is a risk that manufacturers

would try to avoid paying workers a living wage by shifting operations to the poorest areas of

the country. Because of this, the author advocated for fair trade as a possible remedy. All

producers of fair trade clothes have committed to paying their employees a wage that allows

them to provide for themselves and their families. This contributed to the end of extreme poverty

and the eradication of world hunger, two of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals.

5.3.2 Going Green

Dyeing natural fibers is less complicated than dying synthetics. Manufacturers often add harmful

chemicals and poisonous compounds to the water to help the colors stick to such inorganic

surfaces. Hence, water bodies like lakes, streams, and oceans get polluted due to runoff.

Concerns about contributing to this contamination have prompted several companies to switch to

greener alternatives. The designer paid special attention to utilizing organic cotton and only

chemicals derived from plants for dyeing the cloth. It was inexpensive and provided clean

energy while also contributing to the United Nations' health and sanitation, energy, and

prosperity targets.

56
5.3.3 Fair Labor Practices

The author checked that the firm adhered to ILO rules, which are used by businesses to ensure

proper equal employment conditions. ILO guidelines are used by most Bangladeshi

manufacturers. Examples of proper ethical behavior include not using child labor or exploiting

illegal immigrants, paying salaries that are in line with today's standards, and ending business

relationships when ethics are broken. This helped to achieve the united nations sustainable

development goals and helped achieve gender equality and decent work.

5.4 Health, safety, legal and cultural issues

Both employers and employees have a duty to ensure a safe and healthy workplace in the

garment industry. To ensure everyone's safety, personnel must follow all rules and laws

regarding health and safety. Thus the writer suggested the following guidelines that the creator

should follow. Sound levels can be reduced and headphones made available if the first piece of

equipment is regularly maintained and fixed. Masks, gloves, and good lighting and ventilation in

the workplace are essential for the safe management of chemicals. Most importantly, businesses

are responsible for covering the cost of annual physicals for their staff. Finally, they need to

make sure there are sufficient fire extinguishers and first aid supplies. About the law, the author

checked to make sure everything was done properly. The manufacturer's lack of involvement in

any illegal conduct was also confirmed before moving forward. Reduced inequality, more

prosperity, and improved educational opportunities were all made possible because to this.

5.5 Impact of the project on the environment and sustainability

It's often accepted that all manufactured goods have some sort of ecological footprint.

Nevertheless, the typical consumer has no idea whether the product is more or less influential.

Any product or service that significantly reduces the potential negative effects on the

57
environment during manufacture, usage, or disposal is considered environmentally friendly. The

author's goal is to lessen the project's impact on the environment through the use of organic and

recycled cotton fabric. Instead, people were urged to dress themselves in organic or recycled

cotton. Sustainable Towns and Communities, Responsible Consumption and Production, and

Climate Action were all made possible because of this.

Chapter 6: Conclusions
This study analyzed the needs, wants, and preferences of women on the clothing they wore on a

daily basis, taking into account elements such as functionality, individuality, beauty, and

environmental impact. Despite widespread assumptions that utility considerations would take

precedence, the research found that aesthetic considerations really matter more. There was a

general consensus that expressive details were unimportant. Participants who identified as

female continued to place a priority on items that had a feminine touch, stood out visually, and

allowed them to show their individuality. This study benefits the fashion industry by providing

insight into the clothing preferences of a specific group of professional women.

The focus of this study was on the desires, expectations, and sartorial norms of modern-day

women. Research participants were polled on what they valued most in terms of functionality,

unique expression, aesthetics, and environmental impact in their daily wear. The aesthetic

intricacies of a garment are what ultimately determine its success or failure, despite initial

impressions to the contrary. Women were found to place a higher value on aspects that showed

58
their personality than on those that merely expressed an idea, yet it was evident that functionality

and visual appeal were more significant than expressive elements of clothing. Participants in the

project were not prepared to spend more than 100 taka for an item of clothing because of its

ecological features. This finding could be related to the current status of the economy. This study

shed light on the attitudes and worries of working women about their appearance. The results of

this study will elucidate the most crucial features that women seek out in their everyday

garments.

All components of clothing—emotional, creative, functional, and ecological—should be treated

with equal weight. Most people appreciated the options for appropriate attire, however some

guests did have criticisms.

Suggestions from the participants were taken into account while creating clothing prototypes,

which were then tested and assessed. Afterwards, a revised sample was prepared that took into

account all of the comments and input from the focus group. The optimistic outlook of the

study's analysis of the design process and the purchase process is good news for the local

clothing industry. Retailers and designers might use this as a gentle reminder to focus on the

fundamentals, while also seizing the chance to dive more deeply into the aesthetic and

expressive demands of women.

Designers may better meet the needs of their female consumers if they take the time to

understand what it is that they anticipate from the clothing they are making for them.

59
60
 Chapter 7: References

1. Jiang, Z.H., 2013. Art of Fashion Design Based on New Materials. In Applied

Mechanics

and Materials (Vol. 340, pp. 374-377). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.

2. Holmberg, J. and Öhnfeldt, R., 2010. The female fashion consumer behaviour-From the

perspective of the shop Fever in Gothenburg.

3. Shin, E. and Damhorst, M.L., 2018. How young consumers think about clothing fit?.

International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education, 11(3), pp.352-361.

4. Song, H.K. and Ashdown, S.P., 2013. Female apparel consumers’ understanding of body

size and shape: Relationship among body measurements, fit satisfaction, and body cathexis.

Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 31(3), pp.143-156.

5. Bhardwaj, V. and Fairhurst, A., 2010. Fast fashion: response to changes in the fashion

industry. The international review of retail, distribution and consumer research, 20(1),

pp.165-173.

6. Al-Halah, Z., Stiefelhagen, R. and Grauman, K., 2017. Fashion forward: Forecasting

visual

style in fashion. In Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision (pp.

388-397).

7. Sanad, R.A., 2016. Consumer attitude and purchase decision towards textiles and

apparel products. World, 2(2016), pp.16-30.

8. Hur, E. and Cassidy, T., 2019. Perceptions and attitudes towards sustainable fashion

61
design: challenges and opportunities for implementing sustainability in fashion. International

Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education.

62