© SABS.

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ISBN 978-0-626-34368-2
SANS 94-2:2003
Edition 1 (incorporating EN amdt 1, EN corr. 1)

EN 1492-2:2000
Edition 1 (incorporating amdt 1, corr. 1)

SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Textile slings — Safety

Part 2: Roundslings made of man-made fibres

for general purpose use

This national standard is the identical implementation of EN 1492-2:2000 (which

incorporates EN amendment 1 and EN corrigendum 1), and is adopted with the
permission of the CEN, Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels.

Published by SABS Standards Division

1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof  Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001
Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568
www.sabs.co.za
 SABS

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© SABS. This standard may reside on a LAN, WAN, intranet, internet or ECM server and is exclusively available to University of the Witwatersrand-Technical
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SANS 94-2:2003
Edition 1 (incorporating EN amdt 1, EN corr. 1)
EN 1492-2:2000
Edition 1 (incorporating amdt 1, corr. 1)

Table of changes
Change No. Date Scope
EN corr. 1 2006 Corrected to change the figures on typical label format and typical
methods of attachment of label.
EN amdt 1 2008 Amended to add requirements for marking and the manufacturer’s
certificate, and to add two new annexes on the relationship
between this standard and the essential requirements of EU
Directive 98/37/EC and the relationship between this standard and
the essential requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC,
respectively.

National foreword
This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS/TC 1020, Lifting
equipment, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with
annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement.

This SANS document was published in March 2011.

This SANS document supersedes SANS 94-2:2003 (edition 1).

This document is referenced in the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 (Act No. 85 of
1993).

Compliance with this document cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

Reaffirmed and reprinted in February 2017.

This document will be reviewed every five years
and be reaffirmed, amended, revised or withdrawn.

© SABS

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of the standard. No paper copy may be photocopied or reproduced in any way.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1492-2:2000+A1

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM November 2008

ICS 53.020.30 Supersedes EN 1492-2:2000

English Version

Textile slings - Safety - Part 2: Roundslings made of man-made

fibres for general purpose use

Elingues textiles - Sécurité - Partie 2: Elingues rondes en Textile Anschlagmittel - Sicherheit - Teil 2: Rundschlingen
textiles chimiques d'usage courant aus Chemiefasern für allgemeine Verwendungszwecke

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 June 2000 and includes Corrigendum 1 issued by CEN on 7 June 2006 and
Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 11 September 2008.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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© SABS. This standard may reside on a LAN, WAN, intranet, internet or ECM server and is exclusively available to University of the Witwatersrand-Technical
Services in accordance with copyright exploitation agreement no. 014/009/20-015, valid until 2025-01-31. Only staff members employed by University of the
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of the standard. No paper copy may be photocopied or reproduced in any way.
EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

Contents Page

Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................4
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................4
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................4
3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................5
4 Hazards ...................................................................................................................................................6
Table 1 — Hazards and associated requirements...........................................................................................7
5 Safety Requirements .............................................................................................................................7
Figure 1 — Principle of core construction .......................................................................................................8
Figure 2 — Effective working length.................................................................................................................9
Table 2 — Working load limits and colour codes..........................................................................................10
6 Verification of safety requirements....................................................................................................11
Table 3 — Testing intervals .............................................................................................................................12
Table 4 — Testing intervals .............................................................................................................................13
7 Marking .................................................................................................................................................13
Figure 3 — Typical label format ......................................................................................................................14
Figure 4 — Typical methods of attachment of label .....................................................................................15
8 Manufacturer's certificate ...................................................................................................................15
9 Instructions for use .............................................................................................................................16
Annex A (normative) Methods of test to verify safety requirements ...........................................................17
Table A.1 — Maximum contact radii of bollards or pins...............................................................................17
Annex B (normative) Information for use and maintenance to be provided by the manufacturer...........19
Annex C (informative) Suggested content of information to be provided by the manufacturer with
roundslings ..........................................................................................................................................21
Figure C.1 — Double choke hitch ...................................................................................................................24
Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC"
" .......................................................................................26
Annex ZB (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC"
" ...................................................................................27
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................28

2
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EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

Foreword
This document (EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 168 “Chains,
ropes, webbing, slings and accessories - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by December 2009.

This document supersedes EN 1492-2:2000.

This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2008-09-11 and Corrigendum 1 issued by CEN
on 2006-06-07.

The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags !".

The modifications of the related CEN Corrigendum have been implemented at the appropriate places in the
text and are indicated by the tags ˜ ™.

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).

!For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annexes ZA and ZB, which are integral parts of this
document."

This European Standard is one of a series of standards related to safety for textile slings as listed below:

Part 1: Specification for flat woven webbing slings, made of man-made fibres, for general purpose use

Part 2: Specification for roundslings, made of man-made fibres, for general purpose use

Part 4: Specification for lifting slings for general service made from natural and man-made fibre rope

In this Standard:

Annex A is normative, and gives the test methods to be used to verify the safety requirements.

Annex B is normative, and gives the requirements for information on use and maintenance to be provided by
the manufacturer with roundslings conforming to this European Standard.

Annex C is informative, and provides some detailed information for use and maintenance which may be
appropriate in compiling the information in accordance with annex B.

!Annexes ZA and ZB are informative and give" the relationship with EU Directives.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

3
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EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

Introduction
This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard providing one means of complying
with the essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA regulations.

This European Standard is a type C standard as specified in EN 292. The lifting accessories concerned and
the extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this standard.

NOTE For hazards that are not covered by this standard, lifting accessories should be in accordance with EN 292.

1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the requirements related to safety, including methods of rating and testing
roundslings up to 40 tonnes working load limit (in straight lift) and two-, three-, and four-leg roundsling
assemblies, with or without fittings, made of polyamide, polyester and polypropylene.

The roundslings covered by this Part of EN 1492 are intended for general purpose lifting operations, i.e. when
used for lifting objects, materials or goods which require no deviations from the requirements, safety factors or
WLL’s specified. Lifting operations not covered by this standard include the lifting of persons, potentially
dangerous materials such as molten metal and acids, glass sheets, fissile materials, nuclear reactors and
where special conditions apply.

Roundslings conforming to this European Standard are suitable for use and storage in the following
temperature ranges:

a) polyester and polyamide: -40°C to 100°C,

b) polypropylene: -40°C to 80°C

This European Standard does not apply to the types of roundsling indicated below:

a) roundslings designed for securing or lashing of cargoes to each other on pallets and platforms or in
vehicles;

b) slings of tubular webbing without filling.

This European Standard deals with the technical requirements to minimize the hazards listed in clause 4
which can arise during the use of roundslings when carried out in accordance with the instructions and
specifications given by the manufacturer or authorized representative.

2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
this European standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).

EN 292-2:1991/A11995, Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design – Part 2:
Technical principles and specifications

4
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of the standard. No paper copy may be photocopied or reproduced in any way.
EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery - Principles of risk assessment

prEN 1677-1:2000, Components for slings – Safety - Part 1: Forged steel components, Grade 8

prEN 1677-2:2000, Components for slings – Safety - Part 2: Forged steel lifting hooks with latch, Grade 8

prEN 1677-3:1998, Components for slings – Safety - Part 3: Forged steel self-locking hooks, Grade 8

prEN 1677-4:1998, Components for slings – Safety - Part 4: Links, Grade 8

prEN 1677-5:1998, Components for slings – Safety - Part 5: Forged steel lifting hooks with latch, Grade 4

prEN 1677-6:1998, Components for slings – Safety - Part 6: Links, Grade 4

EN 10002-2:1991, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 2: Verification of the force measuring system of
the tensile testing machines

EN 45012, General requirements for bodies operating assessment and certification/registration of quality
systems (ISO/IEC Guide 62:1996)

EN ISO 9002:1994, Quality systems - Model for quality assurance in production, installation and servicing
(ISO 9002:1994)

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations apply.

3.1
roundsling
endless flexible sling consisting of a loadbearing core of yarn, completely enclosed in a woven cover, with or
without fittings.

3.2
multi-leg sling assembly
roundsling assembly, consisting of two, three or four identical roundslings attached to a master link (See
table 2)

3.3
representative sling
roundsling representative of roundslings of the same type, which is used for verification purposes (See 6.2
and 6.3)
NOTE This may differ from the production roundsling in length only

3.4
core
hank of yarn which comprises the loadbearing part of a roundsling.

3.5
cover
woven tubular webbing, or tube made from woven fabric and joined along its length, and which encloses the
core.

3.6
closed surface
webbing surface (of cover) which, when visually and manually examined, appears closed, as is the case
following thermofixing or colouring with additional substances, and where the single fibres support each other.

5
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EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

3.7
fitting
loadbearing metal component, supplied as part of a roundsling so as to allow it to be attached to other lifting
accessories, connected to other roundslings to form a multi-leg sling assembly or connected to the hook of a
crane or other lifting machine.

3.8
master link
link, or link assembly, forming the upper terminal fitting of a multi-leg sling assembly by means of which the
sling assembly is attached to the hook of a crane, other lifting machine or lifting accessory.

3.9
nominal length
specified length of the roundsling, inclusive of fittings, from bearing point to bearing point (See 5.5)

3.10
effective working length (EWL)
actual finished length of the roundsling, inclusive of fittings, from bearing point to bearing point (See 5.5)

3.11
working load limit (WLL)
maximum mass which a roundsling is designed to sustain in straight lift and which a sling or sling assembly is
authorized to sustain in general lifting service (See table 2)

3.12
mode factor (M)
factor applied to the WLL of a roundsling in order to arrive at the WLL of the roundsling or sling assembly for a
given mode of assembly or use.

3.13
competent person
designated person, suitably trained and qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and with the
necessary instructions to enable the required tests and examination to be carried out.
NOTE 4.18 of EN ISO 9002:1994 gives guidance on training.

4 Hazards
The accidental release of a load, or release of a load due to failure of a component puts at risk, either directly
or indirectly, the safety or health of those persons within the danger zone. In order to provide the necessary
strength and durability of lifting accessories this Part of EN 1492 specifies requirements for the design,
manufacture and testing to ensure the specified levels of performance are met.

Endurance has not been identified as a hazard when roundslings having the specified levels of performance
given in this Part of EN 1492 are used in general lifting service.

Since failure can be caused by the incorrect choice of WLL and specification of lifting accessory this Part of
EN 1492 also gives the requirements for marking and the manufacturer’s certificate.

Aspects of safe use associated with good practice are given in annex B (normative) and annex C
(informative).

Table 1 lists those hazards in as far as they are dealt with in this standard that require action to reduce those
risks identified by risk assessment as being specific and significant for roundslings made of polyamide,
polyester and polypropylene.

6
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EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

Table 1 — Hazards and associated requirements

Hazards identified in annex A Relevant clause of annex A of Relevant clause/sub-clause of

of EN 1050:1996 EN 292-2: 1991/A1: 1995 this Part of EN 1492

1.e) Mechanical hazard 1.3.2 5

due to inadequacy of
strength 4.1.2.3 5
4.1.2.5 5
4.2.4 6
1.7.3 7
4.3.2 7
4.2.4 8

15 Errors of fitting 1.5.4 5

hazard

17 Falling or ejected 1.3.3 Annex B

objects hazard

26 Insufficient 1.7.4 9, annex B

instructions for the
driver/operator 4.4.1 9, annex B

27.1.5 Inadequate holding 4.4.1 5.9

devices/accessories
hazard

27.6 Inadequate selection 4.1.2.5 5.9

of lifting accessories
hazard 4.3.2 7

5 Safety Requirements

5.1 Materials

The roundsling shall be produced wholly from industrial yarns certified by the manufacturer as being fast to
light and heat-stabilized with a tenacity of not less than 60 cN/tex, from one of the following materials:

 polyamide (PA), high tenacity multifilament;

 polyester (PES), high tenacity multifilament;

 polypropylene (PP), high tenacity multifilament.

NOTE The definitions for these are given in ISO 2076. The content of the constituent materials may be determined in
accordance with ISO 1833.

NOTE Attention is drawn to the different resistance of man-made fibres to chemicals, which are summarized in annex
C.

7
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EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

5.2 Core

The core shall be formed from one or more yarns of identical parent material (see 5.1) wound together with a
minimum of 11 turns, and joined to form an endless hank. It shall be uniformly wound to ensure even
distribution of the load. Any additional joins in the yarns shall be separated by at least four turns of the yarn
and shall be compensated for by an extra turn per join (See figure 1).

1) Roundsling
2) Cover
3) Core yarns
4) Additional join
5) Minimum of four turns of yarn
6) Join forming endless hank

Figure 1 — Principle of core construction

5.3 Cover

The cover shall be of webbing woven from identical parent material (see 5.1) as the core, and made with the
ends overlapped and sewn. The edges of the woven cover material shall be finished in such a way that they
cannot unravel. If the cover is welded, care shall be taken to ensure that the welding does not affect the core.
The woven material of the cover shall be treated to produce a closed surface.

NOTE These treatments inhibit abrasion and the ingress of abrasive materials and may be applied to the woven
material and/or the yarn.

5.4 Sewing

The thread of all seams shall be made of identical parent material (see 5.1) as the cover and core, and the
seam shall be made with a locking stitch machine.

8
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EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

NOTE The use of a different colour thread to that of the cover will facilitate inspection during the manufacturer’s
verification and in-service inspections by the user.

5.5 Effective working length (EWL)

The effective working length (EWL), l1, of a roundsling (see figure 2) shall not differ from the nominal length by
more than 2 % of the nominal length, when laid flat and pulled taut by hand tension and measured with a steel
tape or rule graduated in increments of 1 mm.

1) Effective working length (l1)

2) Roundsling
3) Integral fitting

Figure 2 — Effective working length

5.6 Colour coding

The colour of the cover shall be as given in table 2 to indicate the WLL of the roundsling in straight lift.
Roundslings of any other nominal WLL’s, not indicated in table 2, shall not be denoted with the colours
indicated therein.

5.7 Working load limits

The WLL of a roundsling, or sling assembly, for a given mode of assembly or use shall be derived from the
WLL of the roundsling in straight lift multiplied by the appropriate mode factor, M, in accordance with table 2.

9
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 SANS 94-2:2003
EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

Table 2 — Working load limits and colour codes

WLL of Colour of Working load limits in tonnes

roundsling in roundsling
straight lift cover Straight Choked lift Basket hitch Two leg sling Three and four leg
lift slings

Parallel ß= ß= ß= ß= ß= ß=
0 to 45° 45° to 60° 0 to 45° 45° to 60° 0 to 45° 45° to 60°

M=1 M = 0,8 M=2 M = 1,4 M=1 M = 1,4 M=1 M = 2,1 M = 1,5

1,0 Violet 1,0 0,8 2,0 1,4 1,0 1,4 1,0 2,1 1,5
2,0 Green 2,0 1,6 4,0 2,8 2,0 2,8 2,0 4,2 3,0
3,0 Yellow 3,0 2,4 6,0 4,2 3,0 4,2 3,0 6,3 4,5
4,0 Grey 4,0 3,2 8,0 5,6 4,0 5,6 4,0 8,4 6,0
5,0 Red 5,0 4,0 10,0 7,0 5,0 7,0 5,0 10,5 7,5
6,0 Brown 6,0 4,8 12,0 8,4 6,0 8,4 6,0 12,6 9,0
8,0 Blue 8,0 6,4 16,0 11,2 8,0 11,2 8,0 16,8 12,0
10,0 Orange 10,0 8,0 20,0 14,0 10,0 14,0 10,0 21 15,0
Over 10,0 Orange
M = Mode factor for symmetrical loading. Handling tolerance for slings or parts of slings indicated as vertical = 6°

10
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EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

5.8 Failure force

The minimum failure force for the roundsling core in straight pull shall be such that it will sustain a force
equivalent to 7 times the WLL when the sling is tested in accordance with annex A, but during the test the
cover shall not rupture at a force equivalent to less than 2 times the WLL. The roundsling shall not be pre-
loaded prior to testing, unless all roundslings of the same type are subjected to identical pre-loading.

5.9 Fittings supplied as part of a sling

5.9.1 Fittings shall conform with the appropriate part or parts of prEN 1677:2000 (for Parts 1 and 2) and of
prEN 1677:1998 (for Parts 3, 4, 5 and 6).

5.9.2 The seating of a fitting in contact with the roundsling shall be so finished as to allow the roundsling to
adopt a natural (flattened) form under load and, when the roundsling is tested in accordance with annex A:

a) there shall be no damage to the area of the roundsling in contact with the fitting;

b) the roundsling shall sustain the load.

5.9.3 Welded fittings shall be placed so that the welds remain visible when the sling is in use.

5.10 Protection against damage from edges and/or abrasion

Protective sleeves, where provided, shall be of tubular form such that they are free to enable them to be
positioned over the part of the roundsling which is to be protected.

NOTE Examples of suitable protective materials are webbing, woven fabric, leather or other durable material.

5.11 Traceability code

The traceability code, which is to be included in the marking (see 7.1), shall enable at least the following basic
elements of the manufacturing record to be traced:

a) identification of the core and cover material;

b) identification of manufacturer’s control;

c) identification and grade of fittings.

6 Verification of safety requirements

6.1 Qualification of personnel

All testing and examination shall be carried out by a competent person.

11
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EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

6.2 Type tests

6.2.1 The first representative roundsling of each type or construction, including change of material, shall be
tested to verify the WLL. The test shall be in accordance with A.2.

If, during testing, the roundsling does not sustain a force equivalent to seven times the WLL, but sustains a
load of not less than 90% of this force, three further samples of the same type shall be tested. If one or more
of these samples does not sustain a force equivalent to seven times the WLL, slings of this type shall be
deemed not to comply with this standard.

6.2.2 The first representative roundsling of each type or construction with integral fittings shall be tested to
verify the interaction of the roundsling with those fittings. The test shall be in accordance with A.5.

If, during testing, the cover of the roundsling fails to sustain a force equivalent to two times the WLL of the
roundsling, but sustains a load of not less than 90% of this force, three further samples of the same type shall
be tested. If the cover of one or more of these samples does not sustain a force equivalent to two times the
WLL, slings of this type shall be deemed not to comply with this standard.

6.3 Manufacturing test regime

6.3.1 General

The manufacturing test regime shall depend on whether the manufacturer has a quality system conforming to
EN ISO 9002, certified by a certification body accredited to EN 45012.

NOTE A quality system conforming to EN ISO 9001 automatically conforms to EN ISO 9002.

If such a system is in place and operating, the manufacturer’s test regime shall comply with 6.3.2. If no such
system is in place or operating, the manufacturer’s test regime shall comply with 6.3.3.

6.3.2 Manufacturing test when quality system conforming to EN ISO 9002 is in place

If a quality system conforming to EN ISO 9002 is in place, during manufacture, roundslings shall be selected
for testing at the intervals given in table 3 or every 2 years, whichever is the sooner. The selected slings shall
be tested to verify the WLL in accordance with A.2.

Table 3 — Testing intervals

WLL of roundsling Maximum quantity per type between tests

in straight pull
Up to and including 3 t 1000
Over 3 t 500

If, during testing, the roundsling does not sustain a force equivalent to seven times the WLL, but sustains a
load of not less than 90 % of this force, three further samples shall be tested. If one or more of these samples
does not sustain a force equivalent to seven times the WLL, slings of this type shall be deemed not to comply
with this standard.

6.3.3 Manufacturing test when quality system conforming to EN ISO 9002 is not in place

If a quality system conforming to EN ISO 9002 is not in place, during the manufacture, roundslings shall be
selected for testing at the intervals given in table 4 or every 12 months, whichever is the sooner. The selected
slings shall be tested to verify the WLL in accordance with A.2.

12
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Services in accordance with copyright exploitation agreement no. 014/009/20-015, valid until 2025-01-31. Only staff members employed by University of the
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of the standard. No paper copy may be photocopied or reproduced in any way.
EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

Table 4 — Testing intervals

WLL of roundsling Maximum quantity per type between tests

in straight pull
Up to and including 3 t 500
Over 3 t 250

If, during testing, the roundsling does not sustain a force equivalent to seven times the WLL, but sustains a
load of not less than 90 % of this force, three further samples shall be tested. If one or more of these samples
does not sustain a force equivalent to seven times the WLL, slings of this type shall be deemed not to comply
with this standard.

6.4 Visual and manual examination

Each completed roundsling or sling assembly shall be visually and manually examined including
measurement of principal dimensions. If any non-compliance with the safety requirements or if any defect is
found, the sling shall be rejected.

6.5 Test and examination records

The manufacturer shall retain a record of the results of all tests and examinations for inspection and reference
purposes.

7 Marking

7.1 General

The marking of the roundsling shall include the following:

a) the working load limit, in straight pull;

b) the material of the roundsling, i.e. polyester, polyamide, polypropylene;

c) grade of fitting;

d) the nominal length in m;

e) the manufacturer’s name, symbol, trade mark or other unambiguous identification !and, where
applicable, the name and address of the authorized representative";

f) the traceability code (see 5.11);

g) the number and relevant Part of this European Standard.

NOTE Marking this European Standard number on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturer’s declaration
of conformity, i.e. a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard.
Such a declaration is not to be confused with third-party certification of conformity.

13
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Services in accordance with copyright exploitation agreement no. 014/009/20-015, valid until 2025-01-31. Only staff members employed by University of the
Witwatersrand-Technical Services may make paper copies SANS 94-2:2003
of the standard. No paper copy may be photocopied or reproduced in any way.
EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

7.2 Label

7.2.1 The information shall be marked (in accordance with 7.1) both legibly and indelibly, on a durable label
fixed directly onto the roundsling. It shall be marked in a type size of not less than 1,5 mm in height. A section
of the label shall be stitched under the cover which shall also be marked with this information for reference
purposes. A typical label is shown in figure 3 and figure 4 shows the typical methods of attachment of the
label.

7.2.2 The material from which the roundsling is made shall be identified by the colour of the label itself on
which the information is marked. The following label colours shall be used:

Polyamide green

Polyester blue

Polypropylene brown

˜a) Front™ ˜b) Reverse (optional)™

Figure 3 — Typical label format

NOTE The reverse side of the exposed part of the label may additionally be marked with the WLLs of the roundsling
in various modes of use ˜(see Figure 3 b))™.

14
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Services in accordance with copyright exploitation agreement no. 014/009/20-015, valid until 2025-01-31. Only staff members employed by University of the
Witwatersrand-Technical Services may make paper copies SANS 94-2:2003
of the standard. No paper copy may be photocopied or reproduced in any way.
EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

NOTE Typical methods for label attachment are shown in figure 3.

NOTE The legal marking (CE for the EU) can be marked at any visible place on the label.

˜Key
1 Enclosed section A
2 Exposed section B™

Figure 4 — Typical methods of attachment of label

7.3 Marking for multi-leg sling assemblies

The following requirements shall apply to 2 leg, 3 leg or 4 leg sling assemblies:

a) the marking shall be on a readily-identifiable form of durable label (e.g. a round tag) which shall be
attached to the master link to differentiate from other sling types;

b) the marking of the sling assembly shall include the maximum angle of use of any leg to the vertical;

c) the label on each leg shall not show the WLL.

8 Manufacturer's certificate
After all testing and examination, as specified in clause 6, the manufacturer shall issue to the purchaser, for
each batch of slings delivered, a certificate which shall include at least the following information:

a) the manufacturer’s name and address, symbol or mark !and, where applicable, the name and address
of the authorized representative";

b) WLL of the sling, and for multi-leg sling assemblies the range of angles to the vertical;

c) type, including fitting, number of legs and nominal length;

d) the expression ‘roundsling’ or ‘roundsling assembly’;

e) material of the roundsling;

f) grade of fitting;

15
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© SABS. This standard may reside on a LAN, WAN, intranet, internet or ECM server and is exclusively available to University of the Witwatersrand-Technical
Services in accordance with copyright exploitation agreement no. 014/009/20-015, valid until 2025-01-31. Only staff members employed by University of the
Witwatersrand-Technical Services may make paper copies SANS 94-2:2003
of the standard. No paper copy may be photocopied or reproduced in any way.
EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

g) if fitted, details of protective sleeves;

h) the number of this European Standard, i.e. EN 1492-2;

i) test references (see clause 6);

j) traceability code;

k) identity of the person authorized to sign the certificate on behalf of the manufacturer and date of
signature;

l) !the static test coefficient(s) used for design of component(s) (e.g. hook; link; shackle)."

NOTE Items b) to h) inclusive form the designation of the roundsling or roundsling assembly.

9 Instructions for use

Instructions for use shall accompany each sling or each delivery of slings supplied against a single order and
shall conform to annex B.

16
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© SABS. This standard may reside on a LAN, WAN, intranet, internet or ECM server and is exclusively available to University of the Witwatersrand-Technical
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Witwatersrand-Technical Services may make paper copies SANS 94-2:2003
of the standard. No paper copy may be photocopied or reproduced in any way.
EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

Annex A
(normative)

Methods of test to verify safety requirements

A.1 General

A.1.1 All Testing and examination shall be carried out by a competent person, using a tensile test machine
conforming to the requirements of class 1 of EN 10002-2:1991 and, where applicable, a steel tape or rule
graduated in increments of 1 mm.

A.1.2 During load tests, the force shall be applied to the representative roundsling so that the elongation of
the specimen takes place at a maximum rate of 110 mm/min per 1000 mm length of the specimen.

A.1.3 The representative roundsling shall not be pre-loaded prior to testing, unless all of the roundslings of
that type are subject to identical pre-loading, in which case they shall not be pre-loaded to more than two
times the WLL.

WARNING — During load test procedures, considerable energy is stored in the roundsling under
tension. If the sample breaks, this energy will be suddenly released. Suitable precautions should
therefore be taken to protect persons in the danger zone.

A.2 Test to verify the WLL of a roundsling

A representative roundsling shall be mounted, straight and without twist, between the pins or bollards of the
test machine, so that the core is evenly distributed on the pins or bollards and so that there are no folds in the
cover at the contact area. The joining seam in the cover shall be kept clear of the pins or bollards. The
maximum contact diameter of the pins or bollards shall be in accordance with table A.1. The use of bollards
with a smaller contact diameter is permitted, but when used, all comparative or repeat tests shall be made
using bollards of the same contact diameter as were used for the initial test. The specimen shall be subjected
to a force equivalent to not less than 7 times the WLL of the roundsling.

Table A.1 — Maximum contact radii of bollards or pins

WLL of roundsling Maximum contact radii

of bollard or pin, r,
(t)
(mm)

≤ 3 25
>3 ≤5 40
> 5 ≤ 10 50

> 10 ≤ 20 75

> 20 ≤ 40 120

17
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Services in accordance with copyright exploitation agreement no. 014/009/20-015, valid until 2025-01-31. Only staff members employed by University of the
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EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

A.3 Acceptance criteria

A.3.1 If the representative roundsling sustains a force equivalent to 7 times the WLL and if, during the test,
the cover does not rupture at a force equivalent to less than 2 times the WLL, the specimen shall have passed
the test. Testing beyond this force is not required.

NOTE The cover of a roundsling may rupture prior to the core, therefore during this test the roundsling is deemed to
fail when the core fails to sustain the load.

A.3.2 If the representative roundsling fails to sustain the force equivalent to 7 times the WLL, or if the cover
ruptures at a force equivalent to less than 2 times the WLL, of the roundsling, the specimen shall have failed
the test. Further sample testing shall only be carried out if the requirements of 6.2.1, 6.3.2 or 6.3.3 are met.

A.4 Manufacturer’s record

The results of the test, i.e. whether the representative roundsling was accepted or rejected, shall be recorded
for the purposes of the manufacturer’s record.

A.5 Type test for verifying the interaction of the roundsling with integral fittings
A representative roundsling with integral fittings shall be mounted, straight and without twist, in the test
machine. The roundsling shall be arranged on the fittings in the manner in which it is intended to be used. The
contact area of the pins or bollards shall be such that they support the fittings over sufficient area so as to
prevent the fittings from distorting or twisting whilst under test. The specimen shall be submitted to a force
equivalent to 2 times the WLL of the roundsling. The specimen shall then be removed from the test machine
and be visually examined, paying particular attention to the areas of the cover material in contact with the
fittings.

A.6 Acceptance criteria

A.6.1 If the cover of the representative roundsling has not ruptured and the specimen shows no signs of
cutting or other damage, it shall have passed the test.

A.6.2 If the cover of the representative roundsling ruptures, is cut or damaged, the specimen shall have
failed the test. Further sample testing shall only be carried out if the requirements of 6.2.2 are met.

A.7 Manufacturer’s record

The results of the test, i.e. whether the representative roundsling with fittings was accepted or rejected, shall
be recorded for the purposes of the manufacturer’s record.

18
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© SABS. This standard may reside on a LAN, WAN, intranet, internet or ECM server and is exclusively available to University of the Witwatersrand-Technical
Services in accordance with copyright exploitation agreement no. 014/009/20-015, valid until 2025-01-31. Only staff members employed by University of the
Witwatersrand-Technical Services may make paper copies SANS 94-2:2003
of the standard. No paper copy may be photocopied or reproduced in any way.
EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

Annex B
(normative)

Information for use and maintenance to be provided by the manufacturer

B.1 Scope
This annex gives guidance to the manufacturer as to the information on use and maintenance which shall be
provided with roundslings conforming to this Part of EN 1492.

NOTE Annex C is informative, and provides some detailed information for use and maintenance which may be
appropriate.

B.2 General
The manufacturer of roundslings shall provide documented information, covering the subjects listed below,
with each commercially indivisible batch of slings (see clause 9). Informative annex C contains guidance to
assist the manufacturer in the preparation of this information.

B.3 Limitations on the use of the sling due to environmental conditions or hazardous
applications (see C.1)

a) selective material resistance to chemicals;

b) restrictions due to temperature;

c) susceptibility to cutting and abrasion;

d) degradation due to ultra-violet radiation.

B.4 Before putting the sling into first use (see C.2.1)
a) availability of manufacturer’s certificate;

b) availability of instruction and training.

B.5 Before each use/period of use (see C.2.2 and C.2.3)

a) inspection procedure;

b) presence of label and legibility of marking;

c) withdrawal criteria.

19
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© SABS. This standard may reside on a LAN, WAN, intranet, internet or ECM server and is exclusively available to University of the Witwatersrand-Technical
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Witwatersrand-Technical Services may make paper copies SANS 94-2:2003
of the standard. No paper copy may be photocopied or reproduced in any way.
EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

B.6 Selection and use of roundslings (see C.3)

a) determination of the mass of the load, its centre of gravity, attachment points and proposed method of
attachment;

b) observation of the marked WLL(s) and mode factors. In the case of multi-leg slings, this will include
restrictions on angle of sling legs;

c) attachment of sling to hook of lifting machine;

d) attachment of sling to load: direct attachment, choke hitch, basket hitch, special fittings, other lifting
accessories;

e) protection of sling and load;

f) controlling rotation of the load;

g) ensuring even an balance of the load, avoidance of shortening sling legs, e.g. by twisting, knotting, etc;

h) shock loading;

i) safety of personnel;

j) clamping force;

k) preparation of landing site;

l) detachment of sling;

m) correct storage of sling.

B.7 Periodic thorough examination and maintenance

a) withdrawal criteria including missing/damaged label or illegible marking;

b) records of examination.

20
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© SABS. This standard may reside on a LAN, WAN, intranet, internet or ECM server and is exclusively available to University of the Witwatersrand-Technical
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of the standard. No paper copy may be photocopied or reproduced in any way.
EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

Annex C
(informative)

Suggested content of information to be provided by the manufacturer

with roundslings

C.1 Use of roundslings in adverse conditions or hazardous applications

C.1.1 The material from which roundslings are manufactured have selective resistance to chemicals. The
resistance of man-made fibres to chemicals is summarized below:

a) polyester (PES) is resistant to most mineral acids but is damaged by alkalis;

b) polyamides (PA) are virtually immune to the effect of alkalis; however, they are attacked by mineral acids;

c) polypropylene (PP) is little affected by acids or alkalis and is suitable for applications where the highest
resistance to chemicals other than solvents is required.

Solutions of acids or alkalis which are harmless can become sufficiently concentrated by evaporation to cause
damage. Contaminated slings should be taken out of service at once, soaked in cold water, dried naturally
and referred to a competent person for examination.

Slings with grade 8 fittings and multi-leg slings with grade 8 master links should not be used in acidic
conditions. Contact with acids or acidic fumes causes hydrogen embrittlement to grade 8 materials.

If exposure to chemicals is likely, the manufacturer or supplier should be consulted.

C.1.2 Roundslings are suitable for use and storage in the following temperature ranges:

a) polyester and polyamide: -40 °C to 100 °C,

b) polypropylene: -40 °C to 80 °C.

At low temperatures ice formation will take place if moisture is present. This may act as a cutting agent and an
abrasive causing internal damage to the sling. Further, ice will lessen the flexibility of the sling, in extreme
cases rendering it unserviceable for use.

These ranges vary in a chemical environment, in which case the advice of the manufacturer or supplier should
be sought.

Limited indirect ambient heating, within these ranges, is acceptable for drying.

C.1.3 The man-made fibres from which the roundsling is produced are susceptible to degradation if exposed
to ultra-violet radiation. Roundslings should not be stored in direct sunlight or sources of ultra-violet radiation.

21
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© SABS. This standard may reside on a LAN, WAN, intranet, internet or ECM server and is exclusively available to University of the Witwatersrand-Technical
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of the standard. No paper copy may be photocopied or reproduced in any way.
EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

C.2 Inspection of roundslings in service

C.2.1 Before first use of the sling it should be ensured that:

a) the sling corresponds precisely to that specified on the order;

b) the manufacturer’s certificate is to hand;

c) the identification and WLL marked on the sling correspond with the information on the certificate.

C.2.2 Before each use, the sling should be inspected for defects and to ensure that the identification and
specification are correct. A sling that is unidentified or defective should never be used, but should be referred
to a competent person for examination.

C.2.3 During the period of use, frequent checks should be made for defects or damage, including damage
concealed by soiling, which might affect the continued safe use of the sling. These checks should extend to
any fittings and lifting accessories used in association with the sling. If any doubt exists as to the fitness for
use, or if any of the required markings have been lost or become illegible, the sling should be removed from
service for examination by a competent person.

Any damage evident in the cover indicates potential damage to the loadbearing core. The following are
examples of defects or damage likely to affect the fitness of slings for continued safe use:

a) Surface chafe. In normal use, some chafing will occur to the surface fibres of the cover. This is normal
and has little effect. Any substantial chafe, particularly localized, should be viewed critically. Local
abrasion, as distinct from general wear, can be caused by sharp edges whilst the sling is under tension,
and can lead to the cover becoming cut.

b) Cuts. Cross or longitudinal cuts in the cover, or any damage to the stitching, raise serious doubts as to
the integrity of the core.

c) Exposed core.

d) Chemical attack. Chemical attack results in local weakening and softening of the material. This is
indicated by flaking of the cover surface which may be plucked or rubbed off. Any signs of chemical
attack to the cover raise serious doubts as to the integrity of the core.

e) Heat or friction damage. This is indicated by the fibres of the cover material taking on a glazed
appearance and in extreme cases, fusion of the fibres can occur, indicating a weakening of the core.

f) Damaged or deformed fittings.

22
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EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

C.3 Correct selection and use of roundslings

C.3.1 When selecting and specifying roundslings, consideration should be given to the required working load
limit, taking into account the mode of use and the nature of the load to be lifted. The size, shape and weight of
the load, together with the intended method of use, working environment and nature of the load, all affect the
correct selection.

The selected sling should be both strong enough and of the correct length for the mode of use. If more than
one sling is used to lift a load, these slings should be identical. The material from which the roundsling is
made should not be affected adversely by the environment or the load.

Consideration should also be given to ancillary fittings and lifting devices which should be compatible with the
sling(s).

C.3.2 Roundslings should not be overloaded: the correct mode factor should be used (see 5.7 table 2).
Working load limits for some modes may be given on the label. In the case of multi-leg slings the maximum
angle to the vertical should not be exceeded.

C.3.3 Good slinging practices should be followed: the slinging, lifting and lowering operations should be
planned before commencing the lift.

C.3.4 Roundslings be should correctly positioned and attached to the load in a safe manner. Slings should
be placed on the load such that they are able to adopt the flattened form and the loading is uniform across
their width. They should never be knotted or twisted.

Damage to labels should be prevented by keeping them away from the load, the hook and the angle of choke.

C.3.5 In the case of multi-leg slings, the WLL values have been determined on the basis that the loading of
the sling assembly is symmetrical. This means that when a load is lifted the sling legs are symmetrically
disposed in plan and subtended at the same angle to the vertical.

In the case of 3 leg slings, if the legs are not symmetrically disposed in plan the greatest tension is in the leg
where the sum of the plan angles to the adjacent legs is greatest. The same effect occurs in 4 leg slings
except that the rigidity of the load should also be taken into account.

NOTE With a rigid load the majority of the weight may be taken by only three, or even two, of the legs, with the
remaining legs only serving to balance the load.

C.3.6 Slings should be protected from edges, friction and abrasion, whether from the load or the lifting
appliance. Where protection against damage from edges and/or abrasion is supplied as part of the sling, this
should be correctly positioned. It may be necessary to supplement this with additional protection.

C.3.7 The load should be secured by the sling(s) in such a manner that it cannot topple or fall out of the
sling(s) during the lift. Sling(s) should be arranged so that the point of lift is directly above the centre of gravity
and the load is balanced and stable. Movement of the sling over the lifting point is possible if the centre of
gravity of the load is not below the lifting point.

When using basket hitch, the load should be secure since there is no gripping action as with chock hitch and
the sling can roll through the lifting point. For slings which are used in pairs, the use of a spreader is
recommended so that the sling legs hang as vertically as possible and to ensure that the load is equally
divided between the legs.

When a sling is used in choke hitch, it should be positioned so as to allow the natural (120°) angle to form and
avoid heat being generated by friction. A sling should never be forced into position nor an attempt made to

23
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© SABS. This standard may reside on a LAN, WAN, intranet, internet or ECM server and is exclusively available to University of the Witwatersrand-Technical
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of the standard. No paper copy may be photocopied or reproduced in any way.
EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

tighten the bite. The correct method of securing a load in a double choke hitch is illustrated in figure C.1. A
double choke hitch provides greater security and helps to prevent the load sliding through the sling.

Figure C.1 — Double choke hitch

C.3.8 Care should be taken to ensure the safety of personnel during the lift. Persons in the danger area
should be warned that the operation is to take place and, if necessary, evacuated from the immediate area.

Hands and other parts of the body should be kept away from the sling to prevent injury as the slack is taken
up.

Reference should also be made to ISO 12480-1 for planning and management of the lifting operation and the
adoption of safe systems of working.

C.3.9 A trial lift should be made. The slack should be taken up until the sling is taut. The load should be
raised slightly and a check made that it is secure and assumes the position intended. This is especially
important with basket or other loose hitches where friction retains the load.

24
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Witwatersrand-Technical Services may make paper copies SANS 94-2:2003
of the standard. No paper copy may be photocopied or reproduced in any way.
EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

If the load tends to tilt, it should be lowered and attachments re-positioned. The trial lift should be repeated
until the stability of the load is ensured.

C.3.10 Care should be taken when making the lift to ensure that the load is controlled, e.g. to prevent
accidental rotation or collision with other objects.

Snatch or shock loading should be avoided as this will increase the forces acting on the sling.

A load in the sling or the sling itself should not be dragged over the ground or rough surfaces.

C.3.11 The load should be lowered in an equally controlled manner as when lifted.

Trapping the sling when lowering the load should be avoided. The load should not rest on the sling, if this
could cause damage and pulling the sling from beneath the load when the load is resting on it should not be
attempted.

C.3.12 On completion of the lifting operation the sling should be returned to proper storage.

When not in use, slings should be stored in clean, dry and well ventilated conditions, at ambient temperature
and on a rack, away from any heat sources, contact with chemicals, fumes, corrodible surfaces, direct sunlight
or other sources of ultra-violet radiation.

C.3.13 Prior to placing in storage, slings should be inspected for any damage which may have occurred
during use. Slings should never be returned damaged to storage.

C.3.14 Where lifting slings have come into contact with acids and/or alkalis, dilution with water or
neutralization with suitable media is recommended prior to storage.

Depending on the material of the lifting sling and on the chemicals referred to in C.1.1, it may be necessary in
some cases to request from the supplier additional recommendations on the cleaning procedure to be
followed after the sling has been used in the presence of chemicals.

C.3.15 Slings which have become wet in use, or as the result of cleaning, should be hung up and allowed to
dry naturally.

C.4 Examination and repair

Examination periods should be determined by a competent person, taking into account the application,
environment, frequency of use and similar matters, but in any event, slings should be visually examined at
least annually by a competent person to establish their fitness for continued use.

Damaged slings should be withdrawn from service. Never attempt to carry out repairs to the slings yourself.

25
This product is copyrighted by SABS, 1 Dr Lategan Road, Groenkloof, 0181, South Africa. All rights reserved.
© SABS. This standard may reside on a LAN, WAN, intranet, internet or ECM server and is exclusively available to University of the Witwatersrand-Technical
Services in accordance with copyright exploitation agreement no. 014/009/20-015, valid until 2025-01-31. Only staff members employed by University of the
Witwatersrand-Technical Services may make paper copies SANS 94-2:2003
of the standard. No paper copy may be photocopied or reproduced in any way.
EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

Annex ZA
(informative)

!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive 98/37/EC, amended by 98/79/CE on machinery.

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative
clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity
with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.

WARNING - Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard."

26
This product is copyrighted by SABS, 1 Dr Lategan Road, Groenkloof, 0181, South Africa. All rights reserved.
© SABS. This standard may reside on a LAN, WAN, intranet, internet or ECM server and is exclusively available to University of the Witwatersrand-Technical
Services in accordance with copyright exploitation agreement no. 014/009/20-015, valid until 2025-01-31. Only staff members employed by University of the
Witwatersrand-Technical Services may make paper copies SANS 94-2:2003
of the standard. No paper copy may be photocopied or reproduced in any way.
EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

Annex ZB
(informative)

!Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential

Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to Essential Requirements of the
New Approach Directive 2006/42/EC on machinery.

Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that Directive and has
been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State, compliance with the normative
clauses of this standard confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity
with the relevant Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.

WARNING - Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard."

27
This product is copyrighted by SABS, 1 Dr Lategan Road, Groenkloof, 0181, South Africa. All rights reserved.
© SABS. This standard may reside on a LAN, WAN, intranet, internet or ECM server and is exclusively available to University of the Witwatersrand-Technical
Services in accordance with copyright exploitation agreement no. 014/009/20-015, valid until 2025-01-31. Only staff members employed by University of the
Witwatersrand-Technical Services may make paper copies SANS 94-2:2003
of the standard. No paper copy may be photocopied or reproduced in any way.
EN 1492-2:2000+A1:2008 (E)

Bibliography

Informative reference is made in this document to the following publications:

ISO 1833 (see note 1 to 5.1) Textiles – Binary fibre mixtures – Quantitative chemical analysis

ISO 2076 (see note 1 to 5.1) Man-made fibres – Generic names

ISO 12480-1 (see C.3.8) Cranes – Safe use – Part 1: General

© SABS

28
This product is copyrighted by SABS, 1 Dr Lategan Road, Groenkloof, 0181, South Africa. All rights reserved.
© SABS. This standard may reside on a LAN, WAN, intranet, internet or ECM server and is exclusively available to University of the Witwatersrand-Technical
Services in accordance with copyright exploitation agreement no. 014/009/20-015, valid until 2025-01-31. Only staff members employed by University of the
Witwatersrand-Technical Services may make paper copies of the standard. No paper copy may be photocopied or reproduced in any way.

SABS – Standards Division

The objective of the SABS Standards Division is to develop, promote and maintain South African
National Standards. This objective is incorporated in the Standards Act, 2008 (Act No. 8 of 2008).

Amendments and Revisions

South African National Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of South African
National Standards should ensure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.

The SABS continuously strives to improve the quality of its products and services and would
therefore be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this standard would
inform the secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found in
the foreword.

The SABS offers an individual notification service, which ensures that subscribers automatically
receive notification regarding amendments and revisions to South African National Standards.
Tel: +27 (0) 12 428 6883 Fax: +27 (0) 12 428 6928 E-mail: [email protected]

Buying Standards

Contact the Sales Office for South African and international standards, which are available in both
electronic and hard copy format.
Tel: +27 (0) 12 428 6883 Fax: +27 (0) 12 428 6928 E-mail: [email protected]
South African National Standards are also available online from the SABS website
http://www.sabs.co.za

Information on Standards

The Standards Information Centre provides a wide range of standards-related information on both
national and international standards. The Centre also offers an individual updating service called
INFOPLUS, which ensures that subscribers automatically receive notification regarding
amendments to, and revisions of, international standards.
Tel: +27 (0) 12 428 7911 / 0861 27 7227 Fax: +27 (0) 12 428 6928 E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright

The copyright in a South African National Standard or any other publication published by the SABS
Standards Division vests in the SABS or, in the case of a South African National Standard based on
an international standard, in the organization from which the SABS adopted the standard under
licence or membership agreement. In the latter case, the SABS has the obligation to protect such
copyright. Unless exemption has been granted, no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the SABS
Standards Division. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the
standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these
details are to be used for any purpose other than implementation, prior written permission must be
obtained.

Details and advice can be obtained from the Manager – Standards Sales and Information Services.
Tel: +27 (0) 12 428 6883 Fax: +27 (0) 12 428 6928 E-mail: [email protected]

This product is copyrighted by SABS, 1 Dr Lategan Road, Groenkloof, 0181, South Africa. All rights reserved.