Hybrid Automation Framework

Project Selenium with Java

Certainly! A Hybrid Automation Framework is a combination of multiple types
of testing frameworks, generally combining the features of data-driven and
keyword-driven frameworks. This approach allows the best features of each
individual framework to be leveraged, making it more powerful and flexible for
automation testing.
In the context of Selenium with Java, this project would involve using Selenium
WebDriver (which is a popular tool for automating web browsers) in
combination with Java to build an automation framework that supports various
testing strategies. Here's a breakdown of the key concepts for this topic:

1. Selenium with Java Overview

Selenium WebDriver is a tool for automating browsers. It provides a
programming interface to interact with web elements on a webpage,
simulating real user interactions.

Java is the language used to write the automation scripts. Selenium

WebDriver supports multiple languages like Java, Python, C#, Ruby, etc.,
and Java is one of the most commonly used languages.

Selenium Components:

Selenium WebDriver: To interact with the browser.

Selenium Grid: To run tests on multiple machines and browsers in

parallel.

Selenium IDE: A Chrome and Firefox extension for recording and

replaying tests (mostly for simple tests).

Selenium RC (Remote Control): An older version that is now mostly

replaced by WebDriver.

2. Hybrid Framework
The Hybrid Framework combines multiple frameworks such as Data-
Driven Framework and Keyword-Driven Framework.

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 It allows tests to be created in a more modular and reusable way. A key
benefit is the flexibility to execute tests using data from external sources
like Excel, CSV, or databases.

Types of Frameworks You Can Combine:

Data-Driven Framework: Focuses on executing the same test with multiple
sets of data. The test scripts are separated from the test data.

Keyword-Driven Framework: Focuses on executing a set of predefined

actions or "keywords" that map to actual automation code.

Hybrid: Combines both approaches, allowing the use of data from external
sources along with reusable keywords for actions.

3. Components of a Hybrid Framework in Selenium

Test Scripts: The automation scripts written in Java using Selenium
WebDriver to perform actions like opening a browser, clicking buttons,
verifying results, etc.

Object Repository: A central place to store all the locators for web
elements. This can be stored in a file (e.g., Excel, XML, or properties files)
so that locators are not hardcoded in the test scripts.

Data Source: External files like Excel, CSV, JSON, or databases that
provide data inputs for tests. In the data-driven part of the framework, the
same test can be executed with different sets of data.

Test Data: Information used in the tests, which can be driven from external
files. The test data could consist of inputs for forms, expected results, etc.

Reporting: Automated frameworks often integrate with reporting tools like

TestNG Reports, Extent Reports, or Allure to generate HTML-based or
graphical reports for test execution.

4. How It Works
In a hybrid framework:

Test Case Execution: A test script will execute actions based on keywords
defined in a keyword-driven approach, and it will use test data from
external sources like Excel files.

Modularity and Reusability: Test steps are designed as reusable functions.

For example, common actions like login or logout can be coded as

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 keywords or methods that are reused across different test cases.

Separation of Concerns: Test scripts are separated from the test data and
test actions, improving maintainability and scalability.

5. Framework Design Considerations

Page Object Model (POM): A design pattern often used in hybrid
frameworks where each page of the application is represented by a
separate class. This helps in reducing redundancy and promotes better
organization of code.

TestNG or JUnit: These are popular testing frameworks in Java for running
the tests, providing features like test annotations, parallel execution, and
report generation.

Maven: A build automation tool used to manage project dependencies and

run tests in a standardized manner.

Continuous Integration (CI): Integrating the automation framework with

tools like Jenkins for automated test execution on every commit to a code
repository.

6. Advantages of a Hybrid Framework

Flexibility: You can combine different types of testing (e.g., functional,
regression) and run tests with different data sets easily.

Maintainability: The use of reusable test scripts, object repositories, and

data files makes it easier to maintain the framework over time.

Scalability: It is easier to scale the framework to handle large applications

or multiple test scenarios with minimal changes.

Extensibility: New test cases, keywords, or data sources can be added

without affecting the existing functionality.

Test Reusability: Since test steps and keywords are modular, they can be
reused across different test cases, saving time and effort.

7. Example of a Hybrid Framework Workflow

Test Data: Data is stored in an external file like Excel (e.g., login data for
testing multiple user credentials).

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 Test Script: A script reads this data and calls a method (like login(String

username, String password) ).

Keyword Definition: Actions like clicking a button, entering text, or verifying

text can be defined as reusable functions.

Execution: The script is run for different sets of test data (e.g., different
usernames/passwords).

Reporting: After the tests are executed, detailed reports are generated
showing pass/fail statuses, errors, screenshots, etc.

8. Tools and Technologies to Integrate

Apache POI or Selenium Excel Library for reading/writing Excel files.

TestNG for managing tests, providing annotations, and generating reports.

Maven for dependency management and automating the build process.

Jenkins for continuous integration and automating the execution of test

suites.

Extent Reports for enhanced reporting with visuals.

Log4j or SLF4J for logging and tracking test execution details.

9. Challenges and Considerations

Test Data Management: Managing large amounts of test data in external
files can become complex.

Framework Complexity: The hybrid approach can be more complex to

design and maintain compared to simpler frameworks.

Performance: The framework's performance can degrade if too many

unnecessary actions are executed due to poorly structured code.

In summary, a Hybrid Automation Framework using Selenium with Java is an

advanced, modular framework that leverages the benefits of both Data-Driven
and Keyword-Driven testing approaches. It is highly flexible, scalable, and can
be extended to handle large-scale automation projects. The combination of
Page Object Model, TestNG, and external data management makes it an ideal
choice for complex applications.

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 Sure! Here's a simple example of a Hybrid Automation Framework using
Selenium with Java, incorporating TestNG for test management, Excel for
data-driven testing, and the Page Object Model (POM) design pattern for better
maintainability.

1. Setting up the Project

Maven Dependencies (pom.xml):

<dependencies>
<!-- Selenium WebDriver dependency -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>4.7.0</version>
</dependency>

<!-- TestNG dependency for test management -->

<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>7.4.0</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<!-- Apache POI dependency for reading Excel files -->

<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>5.2.3</version>
</dependency>

<!-- Extent Reports for enhanced reporting -->

<dependency>
<groupId>com.aventstack</groupId>
<artifactId>extentreports</artifactId>
<version>5.0.9</version>

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 </dependency>
</dependencies>

2. Page Object Model (POM) Design

Create a Page Object class for the Login page.

LoginPage.java

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

public class LoginPage {

WebDriver driver;

// Locators for Login Page

By usernameField = By.id("username");
By passwordField = By.id("password");
By loginButton = By.id("loginButton");

public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {

this.driver = driver;
}

// Method to enter username

public void enterUsername(String username) {
driver.findElement(usernameField).sendKeys(usernam
e);
}

// Method to enter password

public void enterPassword(String password) {
driver.findElement(passwordField).sendKeys(passwor
d);
}

// Method to click login button

public void clickLoginButton() {

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 driver.findElement(loginButton).click();
}
}

3. Test Data Management (Excel Reading)

Create a utility class to read test data from an Excel file.

ExcelReader.java

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ExcelReader {

private Workbook workbook;
private Sheet sheet;

public ExcelReader(String filePath, String sheetName) t

hrows IOException {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(filePat
h);
workbook = WorkbookFactory.create(fis);
sheet = workbook.getSheet(sheetName);
}

public String getCellData(int rowNum, int colNum) {

Row row = sheet.getRow(rowNum);
Cell cell = row.getCell(colNum);
return cell.getStringCellValue();
}

public int getRowCount() {

return sheet.getPhysicalNumberOfRows();
}
}

4. Test Script (TestNG)

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 Now, let’s create the test case to perform the login functionality using the
Hybrid framework approach. The data for login will be fetched from the Excel
file.

LoginTest.java

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.Assert;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.DataProvider;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class LoginTest {

WebDriver driver;
LoginPage loginPage;

@BeforeClass
public void setUp() {
// Set up WebDriver (make sure you have the correct
path for chromedriver)
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "pat
h/to/chromedriver");
driver = new ChromeDriver();
loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);
driver.get("https://example.com/login"); // Replace
with actual URL
}

@DataProvider(name = "loginData")
public Object[][] getLoginData() throws Exception {
ExcelReader reader = new ExcelReader("path/to/login
Data.xlsx", "LoginData");
int rows = reader.getRowCount();
Object[][] data = new Object[rows][2];

for (int i = 1; i < rows; i++) {

data[i-1][0] = reader.getCellData(i, 0); // Use
rname

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 data[i-1][1] = reader.getCellData(i, 1); // Pas
sword
}

return data;
}

@Test(dataProvider = "loginData")
public void testLogin(String username, String password)
{
// Perform login actions using the Page Object
loginPage.enterUsername(username);
loginPage.enterPassword(password);
loginPage.clickLoginButton();

// Add assertions based on the login response (exam

ple)
Assert.assertTrue(driver.getCurrentUrl().contains
("dashboard"));
}

// Clean up
@AfterClass
public void tearDown() {
driver.quit();
}
}

5. Excel File Structure (loginData.xlsx)

Here’s what the Excel file ( loginData.xlsx ) might look like:

Username Password

testuser1 password1

testuser2 password2

testuser3 password3

6. Test Execution

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 When you run the above code:

1. The ExcelReader class will read the data from the loginData.xlsx file.

2. The LoginTest class will run the test for each set of data provided by the
@DataProvider annotation, simulating a login for each user and password
combination.

3. The LoginPage class provides an abstraction for the actions on the login
page.

7. Test Reporting (Optional)

You can integrate Extent Reports to generate detailed, visual reports for test
execution:

ExtentReports Example:

import com.aventstack.extentreports.ExtentReports;
import com.aventstack.extentreports.ExtentTest;
import com.aventstack.extentreports.reporter.ExtentSparkRep
orter;

public class ExtentReportManager {

static ExtentReports extent;

public static ExtentReports createInstance() {

if (extent == null) {
String reportPath = "extent-report.html";
ExtentSparkReporter spark = new ExtentSparkRepo
rter(reportPath);
extent = new ExtentReports();
extent.attachReporter(spark);
}
return extent;
}
}

public class LoginTest {

static ExtentReports extent = ExtentReportManager.creat
eInstance();

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 ExtentTest test;

@BeforeClass
public void setUp() {
// Setup WebDriver...
test = extent.createTest("Login Test");
}

@Test(dataProvider = "loginData")
public void testLogin(String username, String password)
{
// Perform login...
test.pass("Login successful for " + username);
}

@AfterClass
public void tearDown() {
driver.quit();
extent.flush(); // Flush the report
}
}

8. Conclusion
In this example, we combined Data-Driven (using Excel), Keyword-Driven
(through Page Object Model for actions like login() , enterUsername() ), and
TestNG for managing the test flow, making the framework Hybrid in nature.

You can extend this framework by adding more tests, integrating other external
data sources, and improving the modularity by adding reusable functions for
common actions like clicking, typing, or verifying page elements.

This framework is a good starting point for larger automation projects, and can
be scaled with additional features such as parallel execution, logging, and
CI/CD integration with Jenkins.

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