A Project Report On

“Long Length Polyethylene Strips Cutter”

By,

Mr. Gunjal Omkar Ramrao

Mr. Pagare Nikhil Dinkar
Mr. Hiray Yashodip Gorakh
Mr. Borse Ganesh Popat

Guide: Prof. R. S. Chaudhari

Department of Mechanical Engineering

SNJB’s Late Sau. K. B. Jain College of Engineering, Chandwad
Savitribai Phule Pune University
[2022-23]
 SNJB’s
Late Sau K. B. Jain College of Engineering,
Chandwad

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Gunjal Omkar Ramraol, Mr. Pagare Nikhil
Dinkar, Mr.Hiray Yashodip Gorakh & Mr. Borse Ganesh Popat has
successfully completed the Project Stage – I entitled “Long Length
Polyethylene Strips Cutter” under my supervision, in the partial
fulfillment of Bachelor of Engineering -Mechanical Engineering of
Savitribai Phule Pune University.

Date:

Place:

Prof. R. S. Chaudhari Prof. R. S. Chaudhari Dr. S. Sancheti

Guide Project Coordinator HOD

Examiners Dr.R.G. Tated

Principal

Seal
 SPONCERED BY

REIDIUS INDUSTRIES
Mobile no. 9423392457
MIDC Ahmednagar, Nagar
414001
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It’s my great pleasure to present project report entitled “Long Length Polyethylene
Strips Cutter”. This projects an outcome of various efforts by us in Collating and
identifying the sources of information and knowledge. I use this occasion to thank my
guide with whose guidance this effort would not have borne fruits. I find no words to
express my gratitude to Prof. R. S. Chaudhari. Who not only advised and guided me
during the report writing but also answered all my queries concerning collection of
data, proper structuring of the report, and its improvement. I would also thankful of
my friends which gave me a proper guide line about my subject. I am virtually
indebted to the Head of the Department Dr. S. D. Sancheti from who have bestowed
all their blessings in the form of guidance which was the leading light to complete this
seminar report. I would also like to thank our principal, Dr. R.G Tated who provided
me valuable support in completion of seminar by providing me different facilities in
college and by giving permission for working out of college.

Mr. GunjalOmkarRamrao
Mr. Pagare Nikhil Dinkar
Mr. HirayYashodipGorakh
Mr. Borse Ganesh Popat
 ABSTRACT

Even though plastic is one of the materials that we use the most often in daily life, the
existing linear economy poses serious health hazards due to greenhouse gas emissions
and environmental pollution. It creates a problem for the sustainability of the
environment. In response to these challenges, the circular plastic economy—whose
objective is to reduce, reuse, and recycle all types of plastics—is gaining ground. One
of the processes in the recycling of plastic is cleaning. In our innovation, we designed
and develop equipment that cuts the long length plastics (LLP) as per the required
length. Those will help to avoid cleaning machine blockage. Our innovations
contribute to accelerating the management of plastic waste. It will help to grow the
economy of the industry as well as environmental sustainability.

Keywords: Plastic Recycling, Circular Economy, LLP, Plastic waste management,

environment sustainability
 INDEX

Chapter Contents Page No.

1 Introduction 01
1.1 Problem Statement 03
1.2 Objectives 03
1.3 Scope 04
1.4 Methodology 05
2 Literature Survey 06
2.1 Plastic recycling 06
2.2 Type of Plastic 08
2.3 Hazardous to Environment & Health 09
2.4 Green Procurement 10
2.5 Literature Survey on Green Purchasing 15
2.6 Literature Survey on Green Supply 16
Management
3 Design 17
3.1 Frame 17
3.2 Motor 1 18
3.3 Motor 2
3.4 Roller 19
3.5 Blade 22
4 Photograph
5 Expected Results/Outcomes 24
6 References 25
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
In today's world, plastic has become an essential part of our lives, but it also poses a
significant threat to the environment due to its non-biodegradable nature. Therefore,
recycling plastic is crucial to reduce its impact on the environment. This project aims
to design and develop a machine that can efficiently cut and shred plastic waste into
small pieces. The machine will use a combination of blades and gears to shred the
plastic, making it easier to recycle and reuse. The final product will be a compact and
user-friendly plastic cutting machine that can be used in homes, schools, and small
businesses. The project will involve researching and selecting appropriate materials
and components, designing the machine's structure and mechanical systems. The end
result will be a functional and effective plastic cutting machine that can help reduce
plastic waste and promote
Sustainability

Plastic is one of the most commonly used materials in our everyday. Plastic is used in
many industrial processes, products and packaging, owing+ to its being comparatively
inexpensive, light, moldable and durable. Although the use of plastic in products and
packaging comes with many economic and societal advantages, the extent of its use
creates environmental risks related to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental
S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,
B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 7
pollution.
In 2015, emissions from the incineration of plastic packaging reached about 16 m
tons of CO2 equivalents. A significant portion of plastic is used only once in products
and packaging, with only a limited amount being reused. However, as a response to
these negative consequences of the linear plastic value chain and ‘throw-away’
culture, the circular economy is gaining momentum and more countries, businesses
and international associations are developing strategies for a transition to the circular
economy, targeting increased reuse and recycling of plastic.
The circular plastic economy is a viable alternative to the existing linear system,
wherein plastic is produced, used and disposed of. The purpose of the circular
economy is to increase the amount of plastic that is reused or recycled back into the
system (Calleja, 2019; European Commission, 2018). A circular plastic economy
could contribute to less plastic being down cycled, incinerated and landfilled, and
contribute to making plastic waste a resource for new products in a closed-loop
production and consumption system. Despite the circular economy gaining increasing
levels of attention, only 30% of plastic waste is collected for recycling in Europe and
most of the waste is down cycled into materials with a lower value than that attributed
to the original product (Calleja, 2019). however, the cause of mixed polymers in
recycling is not only sorting and recycling processes but the initial design of plastic
products and packaging. Packaging and other post-consumer plastics are often
designed with multiple polymers, which makes recycling difficult from a technical as
well as an economic perspective.
The global production of plastics has reached 322 million tonnes (Plastics Europe,
2016). Enormous production and consumption of plastics lead to a huge waste stream.
Generally, there are three major practicing routes for disposing waste plastics:
mechanical recycling, energy recovery and landfill. Despite odorous emissions
released during meltdown of waste plastics and soil contaminations which affect
environmental and human health, mechanical recycling is a generally environmental-
friendly approach for waste plastic disposal(MathildeRosenbergJohansen et all 2022).
Recycling plastic waste from household plastic packaging materials, in particular

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 8
liquid containers made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene (PE),
which are dominantly present. The analysis takes into account that any recycling
option influences the environment by consuming resources and releasing emissions
and waste streams, and by replacing conventional products from primary production
(D. Briassoulis,2013).
Various types of plastic products have become an indispensable part of lifestyle.
Plastic production has increased tremendously in past 50 years. In India,
approximately 12 million tonnes of plastic products are used annually and 70% of
them is disposed of indiscriminately as waste. India being one of the fastest growing
plastic market, has an annual plastic production (S.R.Samadder,2018).
Plastics have become an integral part of society since 1950s when its mass production
commenced and their usage has continued to increase with growth in population,
standard of living and technological development. Over the years, plastics have
become choice materials for product designers and developers, owing to the fact that
different shapes of components are easily manufactured from plastic materials, which
are made to replace metal, wood, paper and glass components where appropriate for
diverse engineering applications (P. K. Farayibi ,2017).
Since the initial rise of plastics in the 1950s, this material has become commonplace
in our everyday life. Plastics find applications in almost all sectors of society, from
packaging to building and construction, automotive, electronic goods, agriculture, and
others. However, the unprecedented growth witnessed by the plastic sector has
resulted in significant environmental problems. Today, annual plastic waste
generation in Europe has reached 26 million tonnes. Globally, of the 6,300 million
tonnes of plastic waste produced, only 9% is recycled, 12% incinerated, and 79% sent
to landfills or leaked to the environment.
The increasing knowledge of the environmental implications of this material in recent
years has led to growing efforts to support the transition towards a circular economy
for plastics. However, due to their polymer and chemical composition. The low rates
of recycling and reuse of plastics and the high tendency to leak into the environment,
together with the ease of fragmentation into smaller pieces and the short lifetime of

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 9
plastic items, make this material highly damaging for the environment. Recently,
growing awareness on the issue of plastic pollution in marine environments has led to
a stronger emphasis on addressing its sources (Susanna Gionfra, 2020).
Plastics have recently been the focus of attention in debates on circular economy at
G7 and G20 meetings, as well as at the United Nations Environment Assembly. One
of the reasons behind this attention is the increasing political awareness of marine
plastic pollution, which includes micro plastics. Of the total plastic waste generated
globally since 1950, 12% has been incinerated, 9% recycled, and the rest landfilled or
released to the environment (LewisAkenji,&YasuhikoHotta 2020)
The environment has emerged as a hot issue for governments, societies, as well as
business organizations. Its importance emanates from increasing environmental
problems such as global warming, ozone depletion, solid wastes, and air pollution(
TarigKhidirEltayeb and SuhaizaZailani 2010).
Sustainability and environmental issues are among the most pressing concerns for
modern humanity, governments and environmentally conscious business
organizations. Green supply chain management has been acknowledged as a key
factor to promote organizational sustainability. Green supply chain management is
evolving into an important approach for organizations in emerging economies to
manage their environmental responsibility (Chin‐Chun Hsu et all 2013).

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 10
1.1 Problem statement:
The problem statement for the plastic cutting machine project is that plastic
waste poses a significant threat to the environment and human health due to its non-
biodegradable nature. Despite efforts to reduce plastic usage, plastic waste continues
to accumulate, and proper disposal and recycling are crucial to prevent further
damage to the environment.
Currently, plastic waste is often manually cut or burned, which is time-consuming
and harmful to human health and the environment. Therefore, there is a need for an
efficient and safe method to cut and shred plastic waste into small pieces for recycling
purposes.
The goal of the plastic cutting machine project is to design and develop a
machine that can effectively cut and shred plastic waste, making it easier to recycle
and reuse. The machine should be user-friendly and affordable, so that it can be used
in homes, schools, and small businesses. By creating a practical and accessible plastic
cutting machine, this project aims to address the problem of plastic waste and promote
sustainability.

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 11
1.2 Objectives:
Design and development: To design and develop a cost-effective and efficient
plastic cutting machine that can process various types of plastic waste.
Capacity and performance: To ensure that the plastic cutting machine has the
necessary capacity and performance to meet the requirements of the end-users, such
as plastic recycling facilities and waste management companies. Safety and user-
friendliness: To ensure that the plastic cutting machine is safe to operate and user-
friendly, with appropriate safety features and operating procedures.
Durability and maintenance: To design the plastic cutting machine to be durable
and require minimal maintenance, with easily replaceable parts and a low risk of
breakdowns. Environmental impact: To ensure that the plastic cutting machine has a
low environmental impact, with features such as energy-efficient motors and
recyclable components
Cost-effectiveness: To ensure that the plastic cutting machine is cost-effective
to manufacture, operate, and maintain, with a reasonable return on investment for the
end-users. By achieving these objectives, the plastic cutting machine project can
contribute to the development of sustainable waste management practices and support
the circular economy by turning plastic waste into valuable resources.
Now days, World facing a problem of environment sustainability due to
pollution and global warming.
1. We are decided work on the plastic pollution issue. Plastic recycling plays an
important role to reduce plastic pollution. For that we start to gather
information about plastic generation and plastic waste management.
2. We collect data from different sources and visited a plastic recycling industry
& analyze the problems occurs while plastic recycling.in these visit we
analyze that there is one sort of plastic waste get rejected and thrown back into
environment.

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 12
1.3 Scope:
In the various plastic recycling industries there are many machines to process
to plastic recycling. There is no specific machine to cut the long length polyethylene
strips. Hence we design & develop a machine to cut LLPS. The scope of the plastic
cutting machine project includes designing, developing, and testing a machine that
can efficiently and safely cut and shred plastic waste into small pieces for recycling
purposes. The scope of the project also includes the consideration of environmental
sustainability, safety, and cost-effectiveness. The final product should be a compact,
user-friendly, and affordable machine that can help reduce plastic waste and promote
sustainable practices.

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 13
1.4 Methodology:
Research and Analysis: Conduct research to understand the different types of
plastic waste generated and their properties. Analyze the current methods used for
cutting and shredding plastic waste, their limitations, and opportunities for
improvement. Requirements Gathering: Based on the research findings, identify the
requirements for the plastic cutting machine, such as the capacity, size, safety
features, and user interface.
Design the machine's mechanical structure, including the cutting and
shredding mechanism, conveyor belts, and safety features. Select appropriate
materials and components, such as blades, gears, motors, and electronic controls, to
ensure optimal performance and safety. Develop software and electronic controls for
the machine's operation and safety functions.
Prototype Development: Build a prototype of the plastic cutting machine, test
its functionality, and make necessary improvements. Testing and Evaluation: Conduct
performance and safety testing of the machine to evaluate its effectiveness. Gather
user feedback to identify areas for improvement. Refinement and Finalization: Based
on the testing and evaluation, refine the machine's design, functionality, and safety
features. Develop user manuals and educational materials to promote proper
use and maintenance of the machine. Implementation:
Deploy the final product, including the machine, user manuals, and educational
materials, to the target market. Throughout the project, it is essential to consider
environmental sustainability, safety, and cost-effectiveness.

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 14
1.5 Workflow

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 15
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
A literature survey for the plastic cutting machine project may involve a review
of research articles, books, and other relevant materials related to plastic waste
management and recycling, as well as existing plastic cutting and shredding
machines.
Some of the key areas to explore in the literature survey could include:
Plastic waste management and recycling: Review of research on the current
state of plastic waste management and recycling, including trends, challenges, and
opportunities for improvement. This may include a review of government policies and
initiatives related to plastic waste management and recycling.
Cutting and shredding technologies: Review of research on the existing
technologies for cutting and shredding plastic waste, including their advantages and
limitations. This may include a review of different types of blades, gears, and motors
used in cutting and shredding machines.
Safety considerations: Review of research on safety considerations for plastic
cutting and shredding machines, including safety features, operating procedures, and
risk assessments. This may include a review of industry standards and regulations
related to machine safety.
User experience: Review of research on user experience with plastic cutting and
shredding machines, including user requirements, preferences, and challenges. This
may include a review of user feedback on existing machines and case studies of
successful implementations.
The literature survey will provide a foundation for the project, helping to identify gaps
in existing research and technology, and informing the development of the plastic
cutting machine.

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 16
2.1 Plastic recycling:
For the most effective disposal method for plastics recycling it is necessary to
consider a number of factors. The most important of these is the composition of the
waste. If this is known then the viability for mechanical recycling can be easily
ascertained(good ship vannessa,et al. 2017). Improving design practices may reduce
this variety and enable better recycling. New technology will be needed to produce
high-purity plastic from recovered material, to improve separation efficiency and
effectiveness (shen li, et al. 2014).In mechanical plastic recycling, the extrusion
process is the primary process in determining the overall impacts of recycled plastic
production except the factor of odp, while the introduction of fillers and additives
contribute the most significant part in the environmental impacts associated with
recycled composite production. Among the fillers and additives used, the impact
modifiers are of the most significant environmental impacts( fugu, et al. 2017).

The analysis defined and verified a suitable tool in the field, based on objective
data, for comparing different coherent scenarios of waste management politics. This
allows to propose an extension of the tool for different collection schemes as well as
for different systems of packaging recycling( umberto arena et al. 2003). The farmer
S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,
B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 17
will benefit from disposing easily at a low cost and in the most environmental friendly
way his waste and he will be certified to be considered eligible for subsides related to
environmental friendly agricultural practices and for compliance to the specs for
exporting his commodities. The establishment of the specifications transforms the
waste stream to a labelled commodity and increases its value since it can be marketed
to the highest bidder(d. Briassoulis et al. 2013)five processing technologies were
tested using the weathered material. Filaments were successfully manufactured and
used for 3d printing, the filaments were granulated and used for injection molding and
extruding sheets, and thermoformed samples were produced from the sheets. Injection
molding can be an excellent choice for recycling as the technology is productive and
widely used, and so it requires a lot of material(f. Ronkay, et al. 2020). Distributed
sorting and recycling systems could serve as an option for keeping plastic recycling
within Singapore instead of relying on exports to its neighboring countries. A holistic
approach is needed to understand if this proposed technical solution applied locally
achieves the desired environmental benefits in a broader context. This study
conducted an lce to compare five different scenarios of distributed and centralized
sorting and recycling of pet bottles and pp takeaway containers in Singapore. The
complexity of waste management logistics in Singapore was represented through
hybrid simulation modeling( piyakerdlap et al. 2021).

A deep and comprehensive analysis of the political, organizational,

environmental, economic, social and technical aspects will facilitate a deeper
understanding of the positive and negative value creation in scaling up the pcpw
recycling, and contribute to an emergent but increasingly urgent need for scrutiny in
the sustainability of closing the plastic waste loops( john n. Hahladakis et al. 2019). In
this study, a pet plastic recycling machine has been successfully conceptualized and
designed. The machine was design to have a shredder hopper, two shredder shafts
with knife-edge ring cutters, an extruder hopper, an extrusion chamber and an
extrusion auger shaft. The design analysis of each of the machine elements was done
and structural integrity of the machine design was evaluated using fe modeling tool in

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 18
solid works cad application (p. K. Farayibi 2017). Recycled plastic waste can serve as
raw materials for other machine processes such as kitchenware, trash bag, carpet, roof
tiles, and so on( tolulope a. Olukunle 2016).the waste polymer used in this work gives
rise to a good recycled material provided that suitable reprocessing machines and
processing conditions are adopted(n. Tzankovadintcheva et al. 1996).
workability of plastic waste-based concrete depends significantly on the size, shape
and roughness of plastic aggregates and water-cement ratio(pooja lamba
2021).indicate that feedstock recycling (particularly under conditions of the
hydrocracking process) has a number of valuable environmental indices this result
together with the potential further environmental improvements that can be achieved
by this family of new recycling technologies indicate the environmental sustainability
of plastic waste management schemes that couple mechanical recycling with
feedstock recycling processes. These should be preferred for plastic waste fractions
for which the 1:1 substitution ratio is not possible or convenient, that is, for polymers
for which virgin and recycled material are not equivalent for the
market(florianaperugini et al. 2005).

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 19
2.2 Types of plastic:
All, this research provides insights to retailers and packaging companies on the
choices of packaging materials and the environmental impacts of their decisions given
particular recycling logistics systems in particular countries( dr. Chee wong, 2010).
Recycling should be undertaken as part of a broader effect to improve hospital
sustainability and reduce waste. This effect would also be look at substitution of
reusable products, use of less toxic products that must be incinerated improved energy
efficiency, etc.(byeong-kyu lee et al. 2002). Offering plastic recycling courses at the
university level can provide students with the skills and knowledge to implement
recycling systems at the professional level. The use of polymers as electrical
insulators enabled the transportation of electrical energy.

Polymer membranes are used for water desalination, fuel cells, and batteries.
Healthcare applications of polymers extend to drug delivery, implants, and medical
devices. The critical importance of plastics is currently evident in their widespread
use in personal protection equipment against coronavirus. Plastics are also important
in helping meet the united nation’s sustainable development goals (ethan m. Bennett
et al. 2021). Generally, houses in the cities of developing countries are found in the
cluster of similar socioeconomic groups.
The information of composition of plastic waste generated by different
S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,
B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 20
socioeconomic groups could be combined with the current status of plastic waste
recycling by informal sectors to support the authorities and decision makers in
developing effective plastic waste recycling and disposal mechanism( atulkumar et al.
2018).addition of 5% of ep(d)m/sbs and 0.5% of a stabilizer based on substituted
diamantes to municipal plastic waste with proper mixing conditions leads to a
recyclate with toughness comparable with virgin polyolefin. The synergism between
ep(d)m/sbs and the stabilizer in pre-aged polyolefin/polystyrene blends is caused by
grafting of the pre-aged polyolefin chains to double bonds in sbs(i. Fortelny et al.
2003).

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 21
2.3 Hazardous to the environment and health:
Wastewater from washing and shredding should undergo wastewater treatment
before being released to the environment. For extrusion and granulation, the gaseous
emissions should be reduced and at least collected and filtered. Finally, the disposal of
residues should be organized in a better way; with partly hazardous materials open
dumping is not an appropriate technology (stefansalhofer,et al. 2021). More effort is
required to document these aspects of plastic waste management that have important
implications for the circular economy.

Life cycle assessment of plastic value chains, and associated management and
policy decisions, should be modified to represent differential rates of plastic recycling
related to final destinations of traded waste flows ( george bishop et al. 2020).In
contrast, Pb possesses the lowest moisture content but high lcv. Thereby, through
thermal treatment this calorific value can be recovered along with minimizing
pollution. Therefore, it is needed to conduct further study on how to dispose discarded
pbs with minimum pollution ( ohidulalam et al. 2018).some marine organisms such as

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 22
fish, seabirds or sea lions accumulate ingested plastic, which is often associated with
hydrophobic contaminants, in their bodies; these organisms may also become
entangled in the plastic, which can be harmful or fatal.
Finally, it is suggested that governments play an active role in addressing the
issue of plastic waste by introducing legislation to control the sources of plastic debris
and the use of plastic additives.
In addition, plastics industries should take responsibility for the end-of-life of
their products by introducing plastic recycling or upgrading programmers (wick li et
al. 2016).these effects on the environment and human health can lead to cascading
effects which will influence the individual and population fitness. Notwithstanding,
the information about the effects of polymers and their compounds is limited,
especially for some polymer types, terrestrial organisms and human beings. Further
research using daily plastic products (pe, pp, pa, pvc and ps polymers and its
correspondent additives) at relevant ecological concentrations and biological levels is
recommended. The risk assessment of each plastic material should take in
consideration the composition of all polymer matrix (polymers/monomers and
additives), the contaminants adsorption and the degradation products (m.o. rodrigues
2019).its impacts on people include damage to shipping as well as reduction in tourist
revenues. But despite long-term public and political awareness of the proliferation of
plastic debris and its effects, the current methods to prevent its spread are apparently
having limited success.
The focus on removing litter from the environment is somewhat futile in the face of
the millions of tonnes of plastic lost to the environment each year, and the
effectiveness of legislative methods have yet to be fully established (natalie a. Welden
2020).
Persistence in the environment: Plastic waste can persist in the environment for
hundreds of years, contributing to the accumulation of waste in landfills, oceans, and
other natural habitats. This persistence can lead to the physical entanglement and
ingestion of plastic waste by wildlife, causing injury or death.Chemical composition:
Plastic waste can contain various chemicals that can leach into the environment,

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 23
contaminating soil, water, and air. These chemicals include plasticizers, flame
retardants, and other additives that can be harmful to human health and the
environment.
Potential for bioaccumulation: Plastic waste can also accumulate in the food chain,
leading to the potential bioaccumulation of chemicals in the bodies of animals and
humans.
This bioaccumulation can lead to health issues, including developmental
disorders, cancer, and reproductive problems.
Greenhouse gas emissions: The production and disposal of plastic waste can
also contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change and
have adverse impacts on human health and the environment.
Therefore, proper management of plastic waste is essential to minimize the
environmental and health hazards associated with it. This can be achieved through
measures such as reducing plastic use, promoting recycling and reuse, and proper
disposal methods. Developing technologies, such as plastic cutting machines, can
contribute to the efficient and sustainable management of plastic waste, reducing its
environmental impact and minimizing the health hazards associated with it.

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 24
2.4 Plastic Procurement:
Everton drohomereski identified the main motivating factors and difficulties in
implementing gscm; and to describe and explain how gscm is being adopted in the
Brazilian automotive industry (evertondrohomereski 2014). Establish a set of 19
influential factors on the implementation of green supply chain management (gscm)
practices and analyze the interaction between these factors and their effect on the
implementation of gscm practices using the interpretive structural modeling (ism)
method(mahera.n. agi, et al.2020). Conceptualize a structural model of natural
resource based green supply chain management (gscm), and its relationship, with an
indication of cause and effect, to relevant performance measures and drivers (victor
guangshi 2012).

Report on results from a cross-sectional survey with manufacturers in four

typical Chinese industries, i.e., power generating, chemical/petroleum,
electrical/electronic and automobile, to evaluate their perceived green supply chain
management (gscm) practices and relate them to closing the supply chain
loop(Qinghai zhua et al. 2008). Green supply chain management (gscm) is considered
as an environmental innovation.
S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,
B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 25
 The concept of gscm is to integrate environmental thinking into supply chain
management (scm). Gscmaims to minimize or eliminate wastages including
hazardous chemical, emissions, energy and solid waste along supply chain such as
product design, material resourcing and selection, manufacturing process, delivery of
final product and end-of-life management of the product (thooai china et al 2015).
Firms have increasingly adopted practices aimed at addressing environmental issues
in their supply chains. The preponderance of extant literature suggests that the
implementation of green supply chain management (gscm) practices has a positive
effect on both environmental performance and operating cost performance (paul d.
Cousins, et al.). The success of environmental projects is dependent on the abilities of
the suppliers to cope with the environmental challenges (dagmaranawrocka et al.).

( k. Mathiyazhagan), green supply chain management with rapid change in the global
manufacturing scenario, environmental and social issues are gaining importance in
managing business. Due to environmental deterioration and global warming, public
concern over sustainability and are demanding environmental friendly products.
Increasing awareness of the environment throughout the world.
The plastic industry grew quickly as plastic materials development was exponential,
compared to materials like textiles, wood, paper, glass, metals or those with higher
hardness and stability (bienk and mikkelsen, 1997). Use of plastic does not deplete
natural resources, but on the other hand is hazardous as it damages the environment
through wastes generated in industrial operations. In india, plastic waste recycling in
2006–2007 was 47% of the total consumption and 60% of plastic waste generated.
Other developing countries like china already started to investigate environmental
management practices in different sectors which is summarized in the literature
review section.

(Sachin k. Manglaa and pradeep kumara) this section presents the literature on the
gsc and GSCM,the risks in gscm, and the multi criteria decision analysis techniques
used in gsc and gscm.2.1. Exploring recent in the context of gscm and gscm it has

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 26
been recognized that literature is growing on the gscmand sustainability over the past
two decades as mentioned in a study conducted by fahimnia et al. (0000). This study
under-took 884 research articles related to gscm, published during a period of 21
years, from 1992 to December 31, 2013. Their work presented a progression of the
influential gsc and sustainability research articles and further aimed to contribute to
the subject via mapping the relationships amongst the higher impact contributions. In
line with this, min and Kim (2012) presented an extensive review of literature on
gscm.

(Ilesanmi a.Daniyan, 2017) developed plastic recycler was fabricated using 1.5 mm
mild metal sheet punched and rolled into cylindrical form. The outer peeling drum
was punched inward and fixed to the machine frame while the inner peeling drum was
punched outward. The inner drum was constructed using 1.5 mm galvanized metal
sheet while the die was constructed using carbon steel.

(C.c. Ugoamadi, o.k. Ihesiulor,2011)a recycling machine is that which perform the
function of melting plastic materials into granules for the production of new products.
Environmental engineering. Environmental engineering deals with the development
of technically reasonable solutions to environmental problems by designing, building,
and maintaining systems (machines) to control wastes produced by municipalities and
private industries

(Narindersingh, 2017) in indie approximately 8 million tonnes plastic products are

consumed every year (2008) which is expected to rise 12 million tonnes by 2012.
Plasticized pvc has a common use manufacturing of pipes, window framing, floor
coverings, roofing sheets, and cables; thereby it is discarded at a high rate. Its broad
range of application is in packaging films, wrapping materials, shopping and garbage
bags, fluid containers, clothing, toys, household and industrial products, and building
materials. Further, the recycling of a virgin plastic material can be done 2 to 3 times
only, because, after every recycling, the strength of plastic material is reduced due to

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 27
thermal degradation. Particularly, solvents with a hydrogen donor capability take part
in the thermal degradation of polymers affecting the hydrocarbon yield and
distribution.

(Thomas astrup, 2018) plastic is a significant fraction of municipal solid waste and
often consists of packaging waste and discarded tools and goods. Around 11% by
weight of waste from households may be plastic waste (delgado et al. 2007).
Polyethylene (low and high density, ldpe and hdpe) and polypropylene (pp) are
important polymers, but polyethylene terephthalate (pet) and polystyrene (ps) are also
present (delgado et al. 2007). Plastic items in the waste may range from clean, single-
type plastic items (e.g. Water bottles), to dirty, single-type plastic items (e.g. Some
packaging materials but also the plastic bags used for garbage collection) and mixed
plastics for food pack aging (e.g. Meat products, vegetables, etc.) And to plastics
combined with many other materials (e.g. Nylon, metal and cardboard) such as in toys
and tools.
(Muhammad faidil bin lukman, 2012) this project entitled “plastic recycle machine”
focuses on innovation and development in fabrication of product in order to utilize the
function of the end product of this product which is the filament wire plastic that can
be used in 3d printer or another use for another purpose. This report describes the
overview of the type’s shredder and the cylinder with cone machine to shred the
plastic recycle.
(Charles mbohwaa, 2018) the fact that plastics are manufactured from limited
resource, a lot of technological developments for recycling plastics among other
resources are been made. As a global problem, more should be done to solve this
world’s resource and strategies other than technology are needed. A number of
strategies in the form of economic, environmental, social, and market exist. These
strategies are very cardinal in the development of systems for the recovery and
recycling of psw. To sustainably manufacture recovered and recycled psw it is
important to understand if the process will be economically, environmentally, legally
and socially acceptable to undertake. Thus the findings from this research will

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 28
contribute to the body of knowledge on sustainable manufacturing of psw as well as
waste management by highlighting the critical factors for implementation in recovery
and recycling programs for this waste type.

(Ngo anhphuong,, 2008) one of the biggest environmental challenges of Vietnam is

plastic wastes without recycling such as bottle, cans, and plastic bag. The Vietnamese
government have recognized these problems and called the reforming campaign to
develop the sustainable technology to re-producing the wasted plastic. Thus, this
research aims to contribute to deal with the issue by designing a plastic recycling
machine.
(Mahummadsyahimsuliman, )plastic waste before it is being melted to create new
precious plastic. The main goal of this project is to develop the shredder and
propose the improvement after testing the shredder. The shredder was enabling us to
shred plastic into smaller pieces for more efficient waste management. This project
there describes the design of the shredder and the mechanism used in the shredder.
(Mochammadchaerul) from investigation, plastic is used to package the following
products, and the classification of ppw was made accordingly for this research. Some
may have different classifications on the same products. During survey, a picture of
an example of product was shown to respondents to ensure that they had same
understanding of the classification.
1. Foods, including snack, candy, ice cream, noodle, biscuit, etc.
2. Beverages, including sachets and plastic bottles for
Soft-drink, milk, juice, mineral water, supplements energy, etc.
3. Toiletries, including toothpaste, deodorant, hand and body soaps, shampoo, face
cleansing, etc.
4. Cosmetics, including perfume, hand and body lotion, facial cream, skin care, etc.
5. Home cleaners, including for floor, window, porcelain, dish, and other cleaner for
kitchen appliances, etc.
6. Laundries, including detergent, softener, whitener, etc.
7. Lubricants, including brake fluid, engine oil for vehicle, etc.

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 29
8. Others, including cooking oil, plastic bags, hairspray, etc.
Sorting studies were also conducted for respondents of recycling informal players.
The classification of plastic material type was either based on the standard number
Symbols on the bottom of container or based on the information from the players. The
players are familiar with any plastic material type, as they only collect particular
Plastic material types, including polyethylene terephthalate- ate (pet), polypropylene
(pp) and high density polyethylene (hdpe).
Green purchasing is a concept that involves purchasing goods and services that
have a lower impact on the environment. A literature survey on green purchasing may
involve a review of research articles, books, and other relevant materials related to the
concept of green purchasing, its benefits, challenges, and best practices. Some of the
key areas to explore in the literature survey could include: Definition and concept of
green purchasing: Review of research on the definition and concept of green
purchasing, including its scope, objectives, and key principles. Benefits of green
purchasing: Review of research on the benefits of green purchasing, including its
environmental, social, and economic benefits. This may include a review of case
studies and empirical research on the impact of green purchasing on organizational
performance. Challenges of green purchasing: Review of research on the challenges
of green purchasing, including barriers to adoption, such as lack of awareness,
expertise, and resources, and regulatory challenges.
Best practices in green purchasing: Review of research on best practices in
green purchasing, including strategies for supplier engagement, product selection, and
evaluation, as well as tools and frameworks for measuring the environmental impact
of purchasing decisions. Green purchasing in different industries: Review of research
on green purchasing practices in different industries, such as manufacturing,
healthcare, and hospitality. This may include a review of industry-specific challenges
and best practices.
The literature survey will provide insights into the current state of research on green
purchasing and inform the development of strategies and policies for implementing
green purchasing practices in organizations.

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 30
 Green purchasing is an effective tool to address and reduce the burden of
environmental problems for society. In accordance with the adopted practice of
“pollute now, cleanup later”, many environmental disasters have occurred, hampering
further development efforts (Linda W.P. Ho et al 2010).

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 31
2.6 Literature survey on Green supply chain of LLP for environment protection:

Green supply management is the practice of integrating environmental

considerations into supply chain management. A literature survey on green supply
management may involve a review of research articles, books, and other relevant
materials related to the concept of green supply management, its benefits, challenges,
and best practices.
Some of the key areas to explore in the literature survey could
include:Definition and concept of green supply management: Review of research on
the definition and concept of green supply management, including its scope,
objectives, and key principles.Benefits of green supply management: Review of
research on the benefits of green supply management, including its environmental,
social, and economic benefits. This may include a review of case studies and
empirical research on the impact of green supply management on organizational
performance.Challenges of green supply management: Review of research on
the challenges of green supply management, including barriers to adoption, such as
lack of awareness, expertise, and resources, and regulatory challenges.
Best practices in green supply management: Review of research on best
practices in green supply management, including strategies for supplier engagement,
product selection, and evaluation, as well as tools and frameworks for measuring the
environmental impact of supply chain decisions.Green supply management in
different industries: Review of research on green supply management practices in
different industries, such as manufacturing, healthcare, and retail. This may include a
review of industry-specific challenges and best practices.The literature survey will
provide insights into the current state of research on green supply management and
inform the development of strategies and policies for implementing green supply
management practices in organizations.

Green Supply Chain Management GSCM is defined as ‘integrating environmental

thinking into supply-chain management, including product design, material sourcing

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 32
and selection, manufacturing processes, delivery of the final product to consumers as
well as end-of-life management of the product after its useful life’. (Srivastava 2007).
It implies the holistic improvement of environmental performance on all levels of
management. In line with this approach Retag and Enrick (2008) define the green
supply chain as a managerial approach that seeks to minimize a product or service’s
environmental and social impacts when the company is doing its activity.(Felipe
Sanchez Garzon et al 2019).

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 33
Fabrication

3.1 Frame:
The machine will be basically made up of mild steel.

Properties of Mild Steel:

M.S. has carbon content from 0.15% to 0.30%. They are easily wieldable thus can be
hardened only. They are similar to wrought iron in properties. Both ultimate tensile
and compressive strength of these steel increases with increasing carbon content.
They can be easily gas welded or electric or arc welded. With increase in the carbon
percentage weld ability decreases. Mild steel serve the purpose and was hence was
selected because of the above purpose.
Approach to mechanical design of system.
In design the of parts we shall adopt the following approach

Selection of appropriate material.

• Assuming an appropriate dimension as per system design.
• Design check for failure of component under any possible system of forces.

Assumptions
(Area of frame=685x685mm²)
Total load on frame is about 10kg
F=10*9.81
=98.1N
This load is applied at the centre as shown in fig. From fig.

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 34
 685

342.5 342.5
R1 R2

R1+R2=F And
∑MR1=0
F*342.5-R2*685=0
98.1*342.5-R2*685=0
Therefore,
R2=49.05
R1+49.05=98.1
R1=49.05mm
Mb=49.05*342.5
Mb=16799.625mm
Y=b/2............(b=width of square pipe of frame)
=38.1/2
=19.05mm
I=bd3/12
=d4/12
=19.054/12
=175597.632mm
Stress on frame.
σ=Mb*Y/I
σ=(16799.625*20)/175597.632
σ=1.913N/mm2
σ=Syt/fos
therefore,
Syt=σ*fos
=1.913*10

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 35
=19.13N/mm²..................(assuming fos=10)
For safer design considerations as 19.13N/mm2
Therefore all assumptions are in safer state.

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 36
 CHAPTER 3
CAD DESIGN
1. Frame 3 D drawing

T.V. S.V.

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 37
 2 .Roller 3 D drawing

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 38
3.Blade 3 D drawing

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 39
Specification of square pipe :
1.5” x 1.5” in
Thickness of 1 mm

Dimension of frame :
Box frame : 685 x 685 mm
Height : 787

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 40
3.2 Motor 1 :

Voltage: 12V DC

Speed: 30-60 cycles per minute

Torque: 40 -50Nm

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 41
3.3 Motor 2 :

Voltage: 12V DC

Speed: 30-60 cycles per minute

Torque: 25-40 Nm

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 42
3.4 Roller :

Dimension of roller :
Diameter of roller : 38mm
Length of roller : 127 mm

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 43
3.5 Blade :

Length of blade : 381mm

Blade material : MS
Specification of heating material
Voltage : 220-240v
Max temp. 700 degree c

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 44
 Assembly of Prototype
3 D view

1. Frame 3 D drawing

F.V. S.V.

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 45
 CHAPTER 4

Manufacturing Process sheet

Sr Description of Machine Tool Operation Time in

No operation used Speed min.

1 Clamp the Cutter Single point 1400 rpm 15

square pipe on machine cutting tool
cutter

2 Clamp square Welding ARC welding 100mm/min 45

pipe on ARC machine
welding fixture

3 Clamp square Drilling Drill bit 100 rpm 10

pipe on drill mc machine

4 Support plate Drilling Drill bit 100 rpm 8

clamp on drill machine
mc

5 Links drilling Drilling Drill bit 100 rpm 35

operation machine

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 46
 Working photograph

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 47
S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,
B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 48
S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,
B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 49
S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,
B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 50
 Assembly photo

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 51
 Cost Estimation

Sr.no COMPONENT LIST COST

1 MS SQUARE PIPE 1.5 X 1.5 650

2 MOTOR 1 925

3 MOTOR 2 750

4 CHAIN 250

5 SPROCKET 320

6 ROLLER 100

7 BALL BEARING 6201 140

8 BLADE 250

9 HEATING ELEMENT 100

10 AC/DC CONVERTOR 400

11 FABRICATION 1000

TOTAL = 4885

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 52
 CHAPTER 5

Conclusion
Improved plastic waste management: A plastic cutting machine can contribute to the
improvement of plastic waste management by enabling efficient and effective
processing of various types of plastic waste. Reduced environmental impact:

By reducing the amount of plastic waste in the environment, a plastic cutting machine
can contribute to reducing environmental pollution and the negative impacts on
wildlife and ecosystems.

Reduced carbon footprint: By promoting the recycling and reuse of plastic waste, a
plastic cutting machine can reduce the carbon footprint associated with the production
and disposal of new plastic products. Increased resource recovery:

A plastic cutting machine can facilitate the recovery of valuable resources from
plastic waste, such as plastics that can be recycled or used for energy recovery.

The use of a plastic cutting machine can generate economic benefits by creating job
opportunities in the waste management and recycling sectors and reducing the costs
associated with the disposal of plastic waste. Technology development:

The development of a plastic cutting machine can contribute to the advancement of

technology in the field of waste management and recycling, encouraging further
innovation and improvement in this area.

Overall, the expected results/outcomes of a plastic cutting machine project are

improved plastic waste management, reduced environmental impact, increased
resource recovery, and economic benefits, while contributing to the development of

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 53
technology in the field of waste management and recycling.

1. After completing the project we reduce the maximum amount of wastage & reduce
the plastic dumping.

2. This machine will reduce the manpower in industry.

3. This machine will reduce the time of recycling.

4. By recycling this LLPS, it helps industries economic growth & Beneficial for
Environment.

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 54
 REFERANCES
1. Vanessa Goodship,2007 Plastic Recycling Science Direct
https://doi.org/10.3184/003685007X228748
2. LiShen, ErnstWorrell 2014 Plastic Recycling Science Direct 179-190
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396459-5.00013-1
3. Jianfeng Guo 2017 from waste plastics to industrial raw materials
Science of The Total Environment 601-602 1192-1207
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.278
4. Umberto Arena, 2003 Life Cycle assessment of a plastic packaging recycling
system
Life Cycle Assessment 92–98
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02978432
5. D. Briassoulis 2013 Technical specifications for mechanical recycling of
agricultural plastic waste ScienceDirect 33 1516-1530
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2013.03.004
6. F. Ronkay, 2021 Plastic waste from marine environment: Demonstration of
possible routes for recycling by different manufacturing technologies Science
Direct 119101-110 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.029
7. PiyaKerdlap 2021 Comparing the environmental performance of
distributed versus centralized plastic recycling systems Journal of
Industrial Ecology 26, 252-271 https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13151
8. John N. Hahladakis 2019 an overview of the challenges and trade-offs in
closing the loop of post-consumer plastic waste, Science Direct, 380
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120887
9. P. K. Farayibi 2017 Finite element analysis of plastic recycling machine
designed for production of thin filament coil Nigerian Journal of Technology
36
https://doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i2.13
10. Tolulope A. Olukunle 2007 Design Consideration of a Plastic Shredder in
Recycling Processes

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 55
 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1127242
11. N.TzankovaDintcheva 1997 Recycling of plastics
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910 (96)00232-7
12. Pooja Lamba 2021 Recycling/reuse of plastic waste as construction
material for sustainable development Springer Nature
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-021-16980-y
13. Fortelný 2004 An efficient method of material recycling of municipal plastic
waste ScienceDirect 85,975-979
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.01.024
14. FlorianaPerugini 2005 A life cycle assessment of mechanical and feedstock
recycling options for management of plastic packaging wastes American
Institute of Chemical Engineers 24137-154
https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.10078
15. Dr. Chee Wong 2010 A Study of Plastic Recycling Supply Chain
https://www.ciltuk.org.uk/portals/0/documents/pd/seedcornwong.pdf
16. Byeong-Kyu Lee 2002 Analyses of the recycling potential of medical plastic
wastes ScienceDirect 22 461-470
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(02)00006-5
17. Ethan M. Bennett 2021 Informing the Public and Educating Students on
Plastic Recycling Michele John and Wan-Ting (Grace) Chen
https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling6040069
18. S.R.Samadder 2018 Estimation of the generation rate of different types of
plastic wastes and possible revenue recovery from informal recycling
ScienceDirect 79, 781-790
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.08.045
19. Fortelný 2004 an efficient method of material recycling of municipal plastic
waste ScienceDirect 85 975-979
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.01.024
20. Elena Cristina Rada, Hyun-Sang Shin 2021 Plastic Recycling Practices in
Vietnam and Related Hazards for Health and the Environment Public Health

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 56
 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084203
21. George Bishop 2020 Recycling of European plastic is a pathway for
plastic debris in the ocean ScienceDirect 142
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105893
22. W.C. LI 2016 Plastic waste in the marine environment: A review of
sources, occurrence and effects ScienceDirect 566-567 333-349
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.084
23. M.O.Rodriguesa 2019 Impacts of plastic products used in daily life on the
environment and human health: What is known? ScienceDirect 72
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2019.103239
24. Natalie A.Welden 2020 The environmental impacts of plastic pollution
ScienceDirect 195-222
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817880-5.00008-6
25. MathildeRosenbergJohansena, and Thomas BuddeChristensena and Tiffany
MarilouRamosb and KristianSybergb. A review of the plastic value chain
from a circular economy perspective
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-environmental-management
Volume 302, Part A, 15 January 2022, 113975
26. D. Briassoulis,2013 Technical specifications for mechanical recycling of
agricultural plastic waste, ScienceDirect 33. 15161530
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2013.03.004
27. S.R.Samadder,2018 Estimation of the generation rate of different types of
plastic wastes and possible revenue recovery from informal recycling
ScienceDirect
79.781-790 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.08.045
28. P. K. Farayibi 2017 Finite element analysis of plastic recycling machine
designed for production of thin filament coil Nigerian Journal of Technology
https://doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i2.13
29. Susanna Gionfra2020 The Role of Policy in Tackling Plastic Waste in the
Aquatic Environment Springer ,119-138

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 57
 https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2020_484
30. LewisAkenji, YasuhikoHotta 2020 Chapter 21 - Policy responses to plastic
pollution in Asia: summary of a regional gap analysis Science Direct 531-567
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817880-5.00021-9
31. TarigKhidirEltayeb and SuhaizaZailani, 2010 Green business among certified
companies in Malaysia towards environmental sustainability: benchmarking
on the drivers, Management Vol. 3, No. 3 pp.316–337
32. Chin‐Chun Hsu, KeahChoon Tan, SuhaizaHanim Mohamad Zailani,
VaidyanathanJayaraman 2013Supply chain drivers that foster the development
of green initiatives in an emerging economy International Journal of
Operations & Production Management Volume 33 Issue 6 pp. 656-688
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-10-2011-0401
33. Ilesanmi A. Daniyan ,Development of a Plastic Recycling Machine journal of
advancement in engineering and technology,2017
34. C.C. Ugoamadi, O.K. Ihesiulor OPTIMIZATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT
OF
PLASTIC RECYCLING MACHINE Vol. 30, No. 3, October 2011.
35. Narinder Singh Recycling of plastic solid waste: A state of art review and
future
applications 115 (2017) 409-422
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.09.013
36. Thomas Astrup, 2018 Recycling of plastic: accounting of greenhouse gases
and global warming contributions
DOI: 10.1177/0734242X09345868
37. MUHAMMAD FAIDIL BIN LUKMAN, PLASTIC RECYCLE MACHINE
(2012)
http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/21712
38. CharlesMbohwaa , Strategies for the Recovery and Recycling of Plastic Solid
Waste 21 (2018) 686–693.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.02.172

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 58
 39. Ngo Anh Phuong, Model Design and Numerical Simulation for Plastic
Recycle Machine (2008)
https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.889.489
40. [mahummadsyahimSuliman, RESEARCH PROGRESS IN MECHANICAL
AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING VOL.3NO.1(2022)160-169
http://penerbit.uthm.edu.my/periodicals/index.php/rpmmee-ISSN
41. MochammadChaerul. Recycling of plastic packaging waste in Bandung City,
Indonesia.
DOI 10.1007/s10163-013-0201-2

S.N.J.B,s Late Sau. Kantabai Bhavarlalji Jain College of Engineering Chandwad,

B.E.(Mechanical)
Page 59