2022

4(a) To make good quality finisher drawing jute sliver, what action to be taken
in carding and drawing department?
To achieve good quality finisher drawing jute sliver, several key actions need to be taken in both the
carding and drawing departments:

Carding Department:

 Optimum card settings: Ensure proper card settings like cylinder speed, lickerin speed, doffer
speed, and card clothing condition. This helps in efficient fiber opening, cleaning, and
disentanglement without fiber breakage.

 Maintaining card cleanliness: Regularly clean the carding machine to remove

 Card clothing maintenance: Regularly inspect and replace card clothing as needed. Damaged
or worn-out clothing can damage fibers and affect sliver quality.

 Uniform feeding: Ensure uniform feeding of jute fibers into the carding machine. Uneven
feeding can lead to uneven sliver thickness and weight variations.

 Draft control: Maintain the correct draft ratio between carding rollers. An appropriate draft
helps in attenuating fiber neps and improving fiber alignment.

Drawing Department:

 Draft selection: Choose the appropriate draft ratio for each drawing stage based on the
desired final sliver fineness and considering fiber characteristics. High drafts can damage
fibers, while low drafts may not adequately improve sliver uniformity.

 Doubling: Combine multiple slivers (typically 4-6) during each drawing stage. This helps to
average out individual sliver irregularities and improve overall consistency.
 Maintaining machine settings: Ensure proper settings for drawing frame components like
roller speeds, faller bar movements, and nip pressures. Incorrect settings can cause fiber
breakage, uneven drafting, and affect sliver quality.

 Regular cleaning and maintenance: Regularly clean and maintain the drawing frame to
prevent fiber accumulation and ensure smooth operation.

 Monitoring sliver quality: Regularly monitor sliver weight, evenness, and nep content at
various stages of drawing. This helps identify potential issues and adjust process parameters
accordingly.

4(c) Give a table of standard draft, delivery speed, sliver speed, MR% and
doubling used in different jute machinery (breaker card to finisher drawing
machine).
 Parameters Breaker Finisher 1st Drawing 2nd Drawing 3rd Drawing
Card Card
Sliver Feed 65 21 15 8 4
Weight Delivery 21 15 8 4 0.972
MR Feed 36 31 27 26 25
Delivery 31 27 26 25 24
Doubling 6 11 2 3 2
FPM of Drawing Rollers 200 220 55 98 160
Efficiency 85 85 75 75 75

5(b) Write the of name different defects sown in cop, spool, and jute cloth.
Here are some of the common defects found in cops, spools, and jute cloth:

Cops:

 Uneven winding: This can cause tension variations during weaving, leading to uneven fabric
formation and potential yarn breakage.

 Loose winding: Loosely wound cops can slip on the pirn during weaving, causing weft breaks
and uneven fabric density.

 Tight winding: Tightly wound cops can create excessive tension on the yarn, leading to yarn
breakage and potential damage to the weaving machine.

 Sloughing: This refers to the shedding of fibers from the cop surface, which can contaminate
the yarn and cause weaving problems.

 Improper splicing: If yarn ends are not spliced correctly, it can lead to weak spots and yarn
breakage during weaving.

Spools:

 Warping: Spools that are not perfectly round can cause uneven tension on the yarn, leading
to weaving problems.

 Surface damage: Scratches, cracks, or other damage on the spool surface can damage the
yarn and cause breaks.

 Improper flange design: Spools with poorly designed flanges can lead to yarn slipping or
snagging, causing weaving issues.

Jute Cloth:

 Uneven yarn count: This can lead to variations in fabric thickness and appearance.

 Yarn breakage: Broken yarns can create holes and imperfections in the fabric.

 Weaving defects: These can include missed picks, weft slubs, warp breaks, and other issues
that affect the fabric's quality and appearance.

 Uneven dyeing: This can result in patchy or uneven color distribution in the fabric.

 Staining: Jute fabric is susceptible to stains from various sources, which can affect its
aesthetic value.
  Poor finishing: Improper finishing processes can lead to issues like stiffness, uneven
texture, or color fading.

6(a) What are the major of causes yarn in breaks jute spinning frame?
There are several major causes of yarn breaks in jute spinning frames, which can be broadly
categorized into:

Machine factors:

 Improper machine settings: This includes incorrect drafting settings, uneven roller
pressures, excessive flyer speed, and malfunctioning stop motions. Incorrect settings can put
excessive stress on the yarn, leading to breaks.

 Poor machine maintenance: Worn out or damaged machine parts, such as drafting
rollers, bearings, and flyers, can create friction points and uneven tension, causing yarn
breaks.

 Vibration: Excessive vibration of the spinning frame can also put stress on the yarn and lead
to breaks.

Material factors:

 Poor quality jute fiber: Weak or uneven jute fibers are more prone to breakage during
spinning. This can be due to factors like improper retting, handling damage, or presence of
foreign matter.

 Uneven fiber distribution: Inconsistent distribution of fibers in the sliver can lead to weak
spots in the yarn, making it more susceptible to breaks.

Process factors:

 Excessive drafting: Over-drafting the yarn during the spinning process can stretch the fibers
beyond their limit, resulting in breaks.

 High spinning tension: Applying excessive tension during spinning puts a strain on the yarn
and increases the risk of breaks.

 Improper winding: Faulty winding techniques can create uneven tension on the yarn
package, leading to weak spots and breaks.

Other factors:

 Environmental conditions: High humidity or temperature fluctuations can affect yarn

 Operator skill: The skill and experience of the operator can significantly impact the number
of yarn breaks. Inefficient piecing techniques or neglecting broken ends can lead to further
complications.

It's important to note that yarn breaks are often caused by a combination of these factors.
Identifying the specific cause requires careful analysis of the spinning process, machine condition,
and yarn quality. By addressing these factors through proper maintenance, setting adjustments, and
process optimization, jute spinning mills can significantly reduce yarn breaks and improve overall
efficiency.