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Maharashtra HSC
Maths Syllabus
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Mathematics & Statistics (40)

(For Arts and Science)
Std. XI & XII

Introduction mastering the underlying processes and

Mathematics is the language of all skills.
sciences and is perhaps the only subject which 2) to apply the knowledge and skills in
merits this distinction. Mathematics is the Mathematics and related problems from

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backbone of all sciences and it is an inseparable other subjects, by more than one method.
part of human life. 3) to develop positive attitude to think,

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Higher Secondary is a launching stage analyze and articulate logically.
from where students would go to either for 4) to develop interest in Mathematics by
academic education in Mathematics or participating in various related
professional courses like Engineering and S competitions and self-learning.
Computer Technology, Physical and Biological 5) to acquaint students with different aspects
Sciences. Hence to fulfil the needs of students, of Mathematics used in real life.
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it is utmost important to make the study of 6) to develop an interest in students to study
Mathematics more meaningful by acquainting Mathematics as a discipline.
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the student with many branches of mathematics. 7) to develop awareness of the need for
This will help them in developing Mathematical national integration, protection of an
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tools to be used in the professional education. environment, removal of social barriers,

Apart from motivating topics from real life elimination of sex biases and observance
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situations and other subject areas, major thrust of small family norm.
is also on application of various concepts. 8) to develop reverence and respect towards
The proposed syllabus has been designed great mathematicians for their contribution
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in accordance with National Curriculum to the field of Mathematics.

Framework 2005 and as per guidelines given 9) to develop interest in the subject by
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in Focus Group on Teaching of Mathematics participating in related competitions.

2005 which is to meet the emerging needs of
all categories of students. Std. XI - PART – 1
Objectives
To enable the students 1. Measurement of Angles
1) to acquire knowledge and critical Need & concept, Revision of directed angle
understanding, particularly by way of (+ve and –ve angles), zero angle, straight
motivation and visualization of basic angle, angles in standard position,
concepts, terms, principles, symbols and coterminal angles, angles in quadrant &
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quadrantal angles. Sexagesimal system, ordinate axes, intercepts of a line, revision

circular system, relation between degree of different forms of equations of a line,
measure and radian measure. Theorem: slope-point form, slope-intercept form, two
Radian is a constant angle. Length of an point form, double intercept form, other
arc of a circle (s = r. θ, θ is in radians) forms of equations of a line, parametric
(without proof). Area of the sector of a form, normal form, general form, Theorem
circle A = ½ r2. θ, θ is in radians (without 1 : A general linear equation Ax + By+ C
proof). =0, provided A and B are not both zero,
2. Trigonometric functions simultaneously, always represents straight
Need & concept, Trigonometric functions line. Theorem 2 : Every straight line has

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with the help of standard unit circle, signs an equation of the form Ax +By + C = 0,
of trigonometric functions in different where A, B and C are constants (without

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quadrants, trigonometric functions of proof), Reduction of general equation of a
particular angles (00, 300, 450, 600, 900, line into normal form, intersection of two
1800, 2700, 3600), domain and range of lines, parallel lines, perpendicular lines,
trigonometric functions, periodicity of identical lines, condition for concurrency
functions, fundamental identities, graphs
of trigonometric functions, Graph of
S of three lines, angle between lines, distance
of a point from a line, distance between
y = a sin bx, y = a cos bx, trigonometric two parallel lines, equations of bisectors
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functions of negative angles. of angle between two lines, family of
3. Trigonometric functions of compound lines, equation of a straight line parallel to
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angles a given line, equation of a straight line

Introduction, trigonometric functions of perpendicular to a given line, equation of
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sum and difference, trigonometric functions family of lines through the intersection of
of multiple angles (upto double and triple two lines.
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angles only), trigonometric functions of 7. Circle and Conics : Revision, standard

half angles. equation, centre-radius form, diameter
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4. Factorization Formulae form, general equation, parametric

Introduction, Formulae for conversion of equations of standard equation, Conics
sum or difference into products, formulae Napees – Intersection of Napees of a cone
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for conversion of product into sum or and Plane, introduction, focus-directrix

difference, trigonometric functions of property of parabola, ellipse, hyperbola,
angles of a triangle. parabola, standard equation (different
5. Locus forms of parabola), parametric equations,
Introduction, Definition and equation of ellipse, standard equation, hyperbola,
locus, points of locus, shift of the origin. standard equation, parametric equations.
6. Straight Line Application of conic section.
Revision. Inclination of a line, slope of a 8. Vectors
line, equation of lines parallel to co- Definition, magnitude of a vector, free
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and localized vectors, types of vectors, types of matrices – zero matrix, row matrix,
zero vector, unit vector, equality at vectors, column matrix, square matrix, determinant
negative of a vector, collinear vectors, of a square matrix, diagonal matrix, scalar
coplanar vectors, coinitial vectors, like and matrix, identity matrix, triangular matrices,
unlike vectors, scalar multiple of a vector, singular & non-singular matrices, transpose
triangle law, parallelogram law, polygon of a matrix, symmetric & skew symmetric
law, properties of addition of vectors, three matrices, operations on matrices – equality,
dimensional co-ordinate geometry, co- addition, subtraction, multiplication of a
ordinate axes & coordinate planes in space, matrix by a scalar, simple properties,
co-ordinates of a point in space, distance multiplication of matrices – definition,

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between two points in a space, unit vectors properties of matrix multiplication,
along axes, position vector of a point in a properties of transpose of a matrix -

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space, product of vectors, scalar product, (A')' = A, (KA)' = KA', (AB)' = B'A'.
definition, properties, vector product,
definition, properties, simple applications, PART – 2
work done by force, resolved part of a 1. Sets, Relations and Functions
force, moment of a force.
9. Linear Inequations
S Set – Revision, subset, proper improper
subset and their properties, union,
Linear inequations in one variable – intersection, disjoint sets, empty set, finite
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solution of linear inequation in one variable & infinite sets, equal sets, equivalent sets,
& graphical solution, solutions of system universal set, Venn diagrams, complement
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of linear inequations in one variable, Linear of a set, difference of two sets, power set,
inequations in two variables – solution of Relations – ordered pairs, equality of
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linear inequation in one variable & ordered pairs, Cartesian product of two
graphical solution, solution of linear sets, No. of elements in the Cartesian
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inequations in two variables & graphical product of two finite sets, Cartesian product
solution, solutions of system of linear of the reals with itself, definition of
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inequations in two variables, Replacement relation, pictorial diagrams, domain,

of a set or domain of a set, Transposition. codomain and range of a relation, types of
10. Determinants relations, one-one, many-one, binary
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Revision, determinant of order three, equivalence relation, functions – function

definition, expansion, properties of as a special kind of relation, pictorial
determinants, minors & co-factors, representation of a function, domain,
applications of determinants, condition of codomain and range of a function, equal
consistency, area of a triangle, Cramer’s functions, types of functions - constant
rule for system of equations in three function, identity function, one-one
variables. function, onto function, into function, even
11. Matrices & odd functions, polynomial function,
Introduction, concepts, notations, order, rational function, modulus function,
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signum & greatest integer, exponential roots of unity – solution of quadratic

function, logarithmic function, functions equations in the complex number system,
with their graphs, sum, difference, product, cube roots of unity.
quotient of functions, scalar multiplication, 4. Sequences & Series
composite function, inverse function, Revision - sequence, A.P., Sum of first n
binary operations, real valued function of terms of A.P., properties of A.P., geometric
the real variable, domain and range of progression – introduction, general term,
these functions. sum of the first ‘n’ terms, (n terms from
2. Logarithms the end of G.P.) containing finitely many
Introduction, definition, properties, laws terms & sum to infinite terms, properties

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of logarithms, change of base, of G.P., H.P. as a special type of A.P,
characteristics & mantissa – method of Means – arithmetic mean, geometric mean,

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finding characteristics, method of finding harmonic mean, relation between A.M.,
mantissa, method of finding antilogarithm. G.M., H.M., Arithmetico-Geometric
3. Complex Numbers sequence, special series, sum of cube of
Introduction, need for complex numbers, first n natural numbers, sum of cube of
definitions –(real parts, imaginary parts,
complex conjugates, modulus, argument),
S first n odd natural nos., exponential &
logarithmic series.
algebra of complex numbers – equality, 5. Permutations & combinations
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addition, subtraction, multiplication, Introduction, fundamental principle of
division, powers and square root of a counting, factorial notation, permutations,
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complex number, higher powers of i, when all r objects are distinct, when all r
DeMoivre’s formula – (without proof), objects are not distinct, circular
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square root of a complex number, permutations, simple applications,

properties of complex numbers – properties combinations – definition, properties,
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of addition of complex numbers, 1) Closure relations between permutations and

Property 2) Commulative Law combinations, simple applications.
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3) Associative law 4) Existence of additive 6. Mathematical Induction and Binomial

identity 5) Existence of additive inverse. Theorem
Properties of product of complex numbers Principle of mathematical induction, simple
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–Existance of multiplicative identity – applications, binomial theorem – binomial

Existance of multiplicative inverse, theorem for positive integers, general term,
properties of conjugate & modulus of particular term, properties of binomial co-
complex numbers, Argand Diagram – efficient with simple application, binomial
representation of a complex number as a theorem for any index (without proof),
point in plane, geometrical meaning of particular cases of binomial theorem,
modulus and argument, polar simple applications.
representation of complex numbers, 7. Limits
Fundamental theorem of algebra, cube Introduction of concept, meaning of x→a,
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the limit of a function, fundamental events. Conditional probability – definition,

theorem on limits, algebra of limits – multiplication theorem, independent
standard limits, without proof, limits at events, Baye’s theorem, odds in favour
infinity – concepts, simple problems. and against.
8. Differentiation
Definition : derivative, derivative at a point, List of Practicals: XI
geometrical significance of derivative, 1. Problems on locus.
physical significance (velocity as a rate of 2. Family of lines.
change of displacement), derivatives from 3. Tracing of Conics I.
first principle - of trigonometric functions, 4. Tracing of Conics II.

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logarithmic functions, algebraic functions, 5. Applications of vectors (Dot and cross
exponential functions, rules of product).

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differentiation – derivative of sum, 6. Linear inequation.
difference, product and quotient. 7. Applications of determinants.
9. Integration 8. Algebra of matrices.
Definition of integration as antiderivative, 9. Tracing of graphs of functions.
geometrical interpretation of indefinite
integrals, algebra of integrals – integrals
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logarithms.
of some standard functions, rules of 11. Power and square root of a complex
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integration. number, cube root of unity.
10. Statistics 12. Examples on special series.
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Measures of dispersion – range, quartile 13. Permutations and combinations.

& quartile deviation (for grouped and 14. Mathematical induction.
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ungrouped data), comparison of two 15. Binomial theorem.

frequency distributions with same mean, 16. Limits.
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mean deviation about mean, mean 17. Differentiation.

deviation about median (for grouped & 18. Integration.
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ungrouped data), variance, standard 19. Measures of dispersion.

deviation, effect of change of origin and 20. Probability.
scale on variance and standard deviation,
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combined variance and standard deviation, Std. XII : PART – 1

co-efficient of variation.
11. Probability 1. Mathematical Logic
Revision, types of events – events and Statements - Introduction, sentences and
algebra of events, axiomatic definition of statement, truth value of statement, open
probability, mutually exclusive and sentences, compound statement, quantifier
exhaustive events, mutually exclusive and quantified statements, logical
events, addition theorem – for any two connectives : conjunction, disjunction,
events A and B, Result on complementary negation, implication/ conditional,
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biconditional, truth tables of compound trigonometric function, properties of

statements, examples related to real life inverse functions.
and mathematics, statement patterns and 4. Pair of straight lines
logical equivalence - tautology, Pair of lines passing through origin-
contradiction, contingency, duality, combined equation, homogenous equation,
negation of compound statement, theorem-the joint equation of a pair of
contrapositive, converse, inverse, algebra lines passing through origin and its
of statements-idempotent law, associative converse, acute angle between the lines
law, commutative law, distributive law, represented by ax2+2hxy+by2=0, condition
identity law, complement law, involution for parallel lines, condition for

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law, DeMorgan’s laws, difference between perpendicular lines, pair of lines not
converse, contrapositive, contradiction, passing through origin-combined equation

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application-introduction to switching of any two lines, condition that the
circuits (simple examples). equation ax 2+2hxy+by 2+2gx+2fy+c=0
2. Matrices should represent a pair of lines (without
Elementary transformation of a matrix- proof), acute angle between the lines

row transformation, elementary column

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revision of cofactor and minor, elementary (without proof), condition of parallel and
perpendicular lines, point of intersection
transformation, inverse of a matrix- of two lines.
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existance and uniqueness of inverse of a 5. Circle
matrix, inverse by elementary Tangent of a circle-equation of a tangent
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transformation, adjoint method, at a point to 1) standard circle,2) general

application-solution of system of linear circle, condition of tangency only for line
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equations by – reduction method, inversion y = mx + c to the circle x2 + y2 = a2,

method. tangents to a circle from a point outside
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3. Trigonometric functions the circle, director circle, length of tangent

Trigonometric equations-general solution segments, normal to a circle-equation of
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of trigonometric equation of the type : normal at a point.

sinθ, = 0, cosθ = 0, tanθ = 0, sinθ = sinα, 6. Conics
cosθ = cosα, tanθ = tanα, sin2θ = sin2α, Tangents and normals-equations of tangent
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cos2θ = cos2α, tan2θ = tan2α, acosθ + and normal at a point for parabola, ellipse,
bsinθ = C solution of a triangle : polar hyperbola; condition of tangency for
coordinates, sine rule, cosine rule, parabola; ellipse, hyperbola; tangents in
projection rule, area of a triangle, terms of slope for parabola, ellipse,
application, Hero’s formula, Napier hyperbola, tangents from a point outside
Analogues, inverse trigonometric conics, locus of points from which two
functions-definitions, domain, range, tangents are mutually perpendicular,
principle values, graphs of inverse properties of tangents and normals to
conics (without proof).
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7. Vectors and parallel to two given vectors, equation

Revision, Collinearity and coplanarity of of plane passing through three non-
vectors : linear combination of vectors, collinear points, equation of plane passing
condition of collinearity of two vectors, through the intersection of two given
conditions of coplanarity of three vectors, planes, angle between two planes, angle
section formula : section formula for between line and plane, condition for the
internal and external division, midpoint coplanarity of two lines, distance of a
formula, centroid formula, scaler triple point from a plane (vector approach)
product : definition, formula, properties, 11 Linear programming problems
geometrical interpretation of scalar triple Introduction of L.P.P. definition of

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product, application of vectors to geometry- constraints, objective function,
medians of a triangle are concurrent, optimization, constraint equations, non-

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altitudes of a triangle are concurrent, angle negativity restrictions, feasible and
bisectors of a triangle are concurrent, infeasible region, feasible solutions,
diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each Mathematical formulation-mathematical
other and converse, median of trapezium formulation of L.P.P. different types of
is parallel to the parallel sides and its
length is half the sum of parallel sides,
S L.P.P. problems, graphical solutions for
problem in two variables, optimum feasible
angle subtended on a semicircle is right solution.
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angle.
8. Three dimensional geometry Std. XII - PART – 2
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Direction cosines and direction ratios:

direction angles, direction cosines, 1. Continuity
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direction ratios, relation between direction Continuity of a function at a point : left

ratio and direction cosines, angle between hand limit, right hand limit, definition of
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two lines, condition of perpendicular lines. continuity of a function at a point,

discontinuity of a function, types of
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9. Line discontinuity, algebra of continuous

Equation of line passing through given functions, continuity in interval-definition,
point and parallel to given vector, equation continuity of some standard functions-
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of line passing through two given points, polynomial, rational, trigonometric,

distance of a point from a line, distance exponential and logarithmic function.
between two skew lines, distance between 2. Differentiation
two parallel lines (vector approach). Revision- revision of derivative,
10. Plane relationship between continuity and
Equation of plane in normal form, equation differentiability-left hand derivative and
of plane passing through the given point right hand derivative (need and concept),
and perpendicular to given vector, equation every differentiable function is continuous
of plane passing through the given point but converse is not true, Derivative of
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composite function-chain rule, derivative 5. Applications of definite integral

of inverse function, derivative of inverse Area under the curve : area bounded by
trigonometric function : Derivative of curve and axis (simple problems), area
implicit function definition and examples, bounded by two curves, volume of solid
derivative of parametric function – of revolution-volume of solid obtained by
definition of parametric function , revolving the area under the curve about
exponential and logarithmic function- the axis (simple problems).
derivative of functions which are expressed 6. Differential equation
in one of the following form a) product of Definition-differential equation, order,
functions, b) quotient of functions, c) degree, general solution, particular solution

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higher order derivative, second order of differential equation, formation of
derivative d) [f(x)][g(x)] differential equation-formation of

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3. Applications of derivative differential equation by eliminating arbitary
Geometrical application-tangent and constants (at most two constants), solution
normal at a point, Rolle's theorem, and of first order and first degree differential
Mean value theorem and their geometrical equation-variable separable method,
interpretation (without proof), derivative
as a rate measure-introduction, increasing
S homogeneous differential equation
(equation reducible to homogeneous form
and decreasing function, approximation are not expected), Linear differential
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(without proof), Maxima and minima- equation, applications : population growth,
introduction of extrema and extreme bacterial colony growth, surface area,
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values, maxima and minima in a closed Newton’s laws of cooling, radioactive

interval, first derivative test, second decay.
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derivative test. 7. Statistics

4. Integration Bivariate frequency distribution - bivariate
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Indefinite integrals-methods of integration, data, tabulation of bivariate data, scatter

substitution method, integrals of the diagram, covariance of ungrouped data,
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various types, integration by parts covariance for bivariate frequency

(reduction formulae are not expected), distribution, Karl Pearson’s coefficient of
integration by partial fraction-factors correlation.
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involving repeated and non-repeated linear 8. Probability distribution

factors, non-repeated quadratic factors, Probability distribution of a random
definite integral-definite integral as a limit variable-definition of a random variable,
of sum, fundamental theorem of integral discrete and continuous random variable,
calculus (without proof), evaluation of probability mass function (p.m.f.),
definite integral 1) by substitution, probability distribution of a discrete
2) integration by parts, properties of random variable, cumulative probability
definite integrals. distribution of a discrete random variable,
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expected value, variance and standard 5. Tracing of tangents and normals for circle
deviation of a discrete random variable, and parabola.
probability density function (p.d.f.), 6. Tracing of tangents and normals for ellipse
distribution function of a continuous and hyperbola.
random variable. 7. Applications of scalar triple product of
9. Bernoulli trials and Binomial vectors.
distribution 8. Three dimensional geometry - line.
Definition of Bernoulli trial, conditions 9. Three dimensional geometry - plane.
for Binomial distribution, binomial 10. Formations and solutions of LPP.
distribution (p.m.f.), mean, variance and 11. Applications of derivatives (Geometric

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standard deviation, calculation of applications).
probabilities (without proof), Normal 12. Applications of derivatives – Rate measure.

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distribution : p.d.f., mean, variance and 13. Applications of derivatives - Maxima and
standard deviation, standard normal minima
variable, simple problems (without proof). 14. Applications of definite integrals - Limit
of a sum.
List of Practicals : XII
1. Applications of logic.
S 15.
16.
Applications of definite integrals - Area.
Applications of definite integrals - volume.
2. Inverse of a matrix by adjoint method and 17. Applications of differential equations.
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hence solution of system of linear 18. Bivariate frequency distribution.
equations. 19. Expected value, variance and S.D of a
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3. Inverse of a matrix by elementary random variable.

transformation and hence solution of 20. Binomial distribution.
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system of linear equations.

4. Solutions of a triangle.



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