INDIAN CENTRAL SCHOOL, KUWAIT

CLASS: VII

SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS

CHAPTER:

TOPIC: THE TRIANGLE AND ITS PROPERTIES

SLOT: 7

CATEGORY: NOTES

1|P a ge
 TERM II

SYLLABUS

CHAPTER 6: THE TRIANGLE AND ITS PROPERTIES

CHAPTER 7: COMPARING QUANTITIES

CHAPTER 8: RATIONAL NUMBERS

CHAPTER 9: PERIMETER AND AREA

CHAPTER 10: ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS

CHAPTER 11: EXPONENTS AND POWERS

CHAPTER 14: SYMMETRY

2|P a ge
 CHAPTER-6 THE TRIANGLE AND ITS PROPERTIES
A triangle is a simple closed curve made of three line segments.
It has three vertices, three sides and three angles.

Sides: Side AB, Side BC, and Side AC

Angles: < 𝑨𝑩𝑪, < 𝑩𝑪𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 < 𝑩𝑨𝑪
Vertices: A, B and C
Classification of triangles

3|P a ge
Orthocentre - The point where the three "altitudes" of a triangle meet.

Exercise 6.1
1. In ∆PQR, D is the mid-point of QR
Segment PM is _______. Segment PD is________. Is QM = MR?

Solution:
Segment PM is altitude.
Segment PD is median. No, QM ≠ MR.

2. Draw rough sketches for the following: (a) In ∆ABC, BE is a median.

b) In ∆PQR, PQ and PR are altitudes of the triangle.
c) In ∆XYZ, YL is an altitude in the exterior of the triangle.
Solution:

Exterior Angle of a Triangle and its Property

4|P a ge
Exercise 6.2

Find the value of the unknown exterior angle x in the following diagrams:

Solution:
(i) x = 50° + 70° = 120° (Exterior angle is equal to sum of its interior opposite angles)

ii)

(ii) x = 65°+ 45° = 110° (Exterior angle is equal to sum of its interior opposite angles)

(iii) x = 30° + 40° = 70° (Exterior angle is equal to sum of its interior opposite angles)

(iv) ∠x = 60° + 60° = 120° (Exterior angle is equal to sum of its interior opposite angles)

H.W. Exercise 6.2 Question Number 1 (v) and (vi) do in class work.

2. Find the value of the unknown interior angle x in the following figures:

5|P a ge
Solution:
(i) ∠x + 50° = 115° (Exterior angle of a triangle)
∴ ∠x = 115°- 50° = 65°

(ii) ∠x + 70° = 110° (Exterior angle of a triangle)

∴ ∠x = 110° – 70° = 40°

(iii) ∠ x + 90° = 125° (Exterior angle of a right triangle)

∴ ∠x = 125° – 90° = 35°

H.W. Exercise 6.2 Question Number 2 (iv) ,(v) and (vi) do in class work.

ANGLE SUM PROPERTY OF A TRIANGLE

The sum of the measures of the three angles of a triangle is 180°

EXERCISE 6.3
1. Find the value of the unknown x in the following diagrams:
Solution:
(i) By angle sum property of a triangle, we have
∠x + 50° + 60° = 180°
⇒ ∠x + 110° = 180°
∴ ∠x = 180° – 110° = 70°

(ii) By angle sum property of a triangle, we have

∠x + 90° + 30 = 180° [∆ is right angled triangle]
⇒ ∠x + 120° = 180° ∴ ∠x – 180° – 120° = 60°

(iii) By angle sum property of a triangle, we have

∠x + 30° + 110° – 180°
⇒ ∠x + 140° = 180° ∴ ∠x = 180° – 140° = 40°

(iv ) By angle sum property of a triangle, we have

∠x + ∠x + 50° = 180°
⇒ 2x + 50° = 180°
6|P a ge
⇒ 2x = 180° – 50°
⇒ 2x = 130°

H.W. Exercise 6.3 Question Number 1 (v) and (vi) do in class work.

2. Find the values of the unknowns x and y in the following diagrams:

Solution:

(i) ∠x + 50° = 120° (Exterior angle of a triangle)

∴ ∠x = 120°- 50° = 70°
∠x + ∠y + 50° = 180° (Angle sum property of a triangle)
70° + ∠y + 50° = 180°
∠y + 120° = 180°
∠y = 180° – 120°
∴ ∠y = 60°
Thus ∠x = 70 and ∠y = 60°

(ii) ∠y = 80° (Vertically opposite angles are same)

∠x + ∠y + 50° = 180° (Angle sum property of a triangle)
⇒ ∠x + 80° + 50° = 180°
⇒ ∠x + 130° = 180°
∴ ∠x = 180° – 130° = 50° Thus, ∠x = 50° and ∠y = 80°

(iii) ∠y + 50° + 60° = 180° (Angle sum property of a triangle)

∠y + 110° = 180°
∴ ∠y = 180°- 110° = 70°

∠x = 50° + 𝟔𝟎° ( Exterior angle of a triangle)

∴ ∠x = 110°
Thus, ∠x = 110° and y = 70°:

(iv) ∠x = 60° (Vertically opposite angles)

∠x + ∠y + 30° = 180° (Angle sum property of a triangle)
⇒ 60° + ∠y + 30° = 180°
⇒ ∠y + 90° = 180°
⇒ ∠y = 180° – 90° = 90° Thus, ∠x = 60° and ∠y
=90°

7|P a ge
(v) ∠y = 90° (Vertically opposite angles)

∠x + ∠x + ∠y = 180° (Angle sum property of a triangle)

⇒ 2 ∠x + 90° = 180°
⇒ 2∠x = 180° – 90°
⇒ 2∠x = 90°

Thus, ∠x = 45° and ∠y = 90°

H.W. Exercise 6.3 Question Number 2 (vi) do in class work.

NOTE:
• A triangle in which all the three sides are of equal lengths is called an equilateral triangle.
In an equilateral triangle

i) All sides have same length ii) Each angle has measure 600
* A triangle in which two sides are of equal lengths is called an isosceles triangle.
In an isosceles triangle

i) Two sides have same length ii) Base angles opposite to the equal sides are equal.
The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the third side.
Exercise 6.4

1) Is it possible to have a triangle with the following sides? (i) 2 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm
Solution: (i) Given sides are 2 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm
Sum of the two sides = 2 cm + 3 cm = 5 cm Third side = 5 cm

We have, Sum of any two sides = the third side i.e. 5 cm = 5 cm

Hence, the triangle is not possible.

iii) 3 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm

Solution: Given sides are 3 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm

Sum of the two sides = 3 cm + 6 cm = 9 cm Third side = 7 cm We have sum of any

two sides > the third
side. i.e. 9 cm > 7 cm
Hence, the triangle is possible.
H.W. Exercise 6.4 Question Number 1 (iii) do in class work.

6. The length of two sides of a triangle are 12 cm and 15 cm. Between what two measures should
the length of the third side fall?
Solution:
Sum of two sides
8|P a ge
 = 12 cm + 15 cm = 27 cm
Difference of the two sides
= 15 cm – 12 cm = 3 cm
The measure of third side should fall between 3 cm and 27 cm.
RIGHT-ANGLED TRIANGLES AND PYTHAGORAS PROPERTY

EXERCISE 6.5

1) PQR is a triangle, right angled at P. If PQ = 10 cm and PR = 24 cm, find QR.

Solution:
In right angled triangle PQR, we have
QR2 = PQ2 + PR2 From Pythagoras property)
= (10)2 + (24)2
= 100 + 576 = 676
∴ QR = √𝟔𝟕𝟔
The, the required length of QR = 26 cm.

2) ABC is a triangle, right angled at C. If AB = 25 cm and AC = 7 cm, find BC.

Solution:
In right angled ∆ABC, we have
BC2 + (7)2 = (25)2 (By Pythagoras property)
⇒ BC2 + 49 = 625
⇒ BC2 = 625 – 49
⇒ BC2 = 576
∴ BC = √𝟓𝟕𝟔
Thus, the required length of BC = 24 cm.

3) A 15 m long ladder reached a window 12 m high from the ground on placing it against a
wall at a distance a. Find the distance of the foot of the ladder from the wall.
Solution:
Here, the ladder forms a right angled triangle.
∴ a2 + (12)2 = (15)2 (By Pythagoras property)
⇒ a2+ 144 = 225
9|P a ge
 ⇒ a2 = 225 – 144

Thus, the distance of the foot from the ladder = 9m

4) Which of the following can be the sides of a right triangle? In the case of right-angled
triangles, identify the right angles. (i) 2.5 cm, 6.5 cm, 6 cm.
Solution: (i)Given sides are 2.5 cm, 6.5 cm, 6 cm.
Square of the longer side = (6.5)2 = 42.25 cm.
Sum of the square of other two sides = (2.5)2 + (6)2 =
6.25 + 36 = 42.25 cm.
∴ 2.52 + 62 = 6.52

∴ 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒊𝒔 𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 − 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆𝒅.

(i) 2 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm.

Given sides are 2 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm .
Square of the longer side = (5)2 = 25 cm
Sum of the square of other two sides = (2)2 + (2)2 =4 + 4 = 8 cm
∴ 22+ 22 ≠ 52

∴ 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒊𝒔 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 − 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆𝒅.

H.W. Exercise 6.5 Question Number 4 (iii) do in class work.

5) A tree is broken at a height of 5 m from the ground and its top touches the ground at a distance of
12 m from the base of the tree . Find the original height of the tree.
Solution:
Let AB be the original height of the tree and broken at C touching the ground at D such that
AC = 5 m and AD = 12 m
In right triangle ∆CAD,
AD2 + AC2 = CD2 (By Pythagoras property)
⇒ (12)2 + (5)2 = CD2
⇒ 144 + 25 = CD2
⇒ 169 = CD2
∴ CD = √𝟏𝟔𝟗 = 𝟏𝟑
But CD = BC
AC + CB = AB
5 m + 13 m = AB ∴ AB = 18 m .
Thus, the original height of the tree = 18 m.

10 | P a g e
 7) Find the perimeter of the rectangle whose length is 40 cm and a diagonal is 41 cm.
Solution:
Given: Length AB = 40 cm
Diagonal AC = 41 cm
In right triangle ABC, we have
AB2 + BC2= AC2 (By Pythagoras property)
(40)2 + BC2 = (41)2
1600 + BC2 = 1681
BC2 = 1681 – 1600
BC2 = 81

BC =
AB = DC = 40 cm and BC = AD = 9 cm (Property of rectangle) The required
perimeter
= 2( length + breadth)

8) The diagonals of a rhombus measure 16 cm and 30 cm. Find its perimeter.

Solution:
Let ABCD be a rhombus whose diagonals intersect each other at O such that
AC = 16 cm and BD = 30 cm
Since, the diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at 90°.
OA = OC = 8 cm and OB = OD = 15 cm
In right ∆OAB,
AB2 = OA2 + OB2 (By Pythagoras property)
= (8)2+ (15)2 = 64 + 225 = 289

AB =
Since AB = BC = CD = DA (Property of rhombus)
Required perimeter of rhombus = 4 × side = 4 ×
17 = 68 cm.
H.W. Exercise 6.5 Question Number 6 do in reader.

11 | P a g e
12 | P a g e