The French

Revolution

Scon this QR Code to download my Chgpterwse Videos

COMPETENCY BASED QUESTIONS

5. Find the incorrect match.
Objective Qs 1mark (a) Robespierre - Ruler
(b) Louis XVI - Ruler
1. Various people contributed to the French (c) John Locke - Philosopher
Revolution in various capacities. In this () Napoleon - Ruler
context, who of the following is known as
the Father of the French Revolution? 6. Slavery did come back and was reintroduced
by a future ruler after the Jacobin
(a) Maximilien Robespierre government. Who was ths ruler?
(b) Louis XVI
(a) Louis XVI
(c) Jean Jacques Rousseau
(b) Robespierre
(d) Napoleon Bonaparte (c) Napoleon Bonaparte
2. The Bourbon dynasty ruled France and many (d) Louis XVII
other parts of Europe for a very long time. t 7. Which of the following was/were the
ruled in many places during the 16th 17th, important reforms that Napoleon introduced?
and 18th centuries. Regarding this, which () Uniform system of weights and
ruler of this dynasty ascended as the King of measures.
France in 1774?
) Law for protection of private property.
(a) Louis IX (b) Henry IV (u) Standardisation of the system.
(c) Louis XIV () Louis XVn Options:
(o) Only (0 (b) () and ()
3.ldentify the name of the territory. (c) ) and ) () 0. 0) and ()
(0 In the 18th century, France had this
cOuntry as colony in the Caribbean. 8. In 18h century France, the majority of
() This colony was very important for people could not read or write. Thus to
France as they supplied sugar, tobacco, communicate important ideas, political
coffee, and indigo. symbols were used. ldentify the significance
of the given symbol
Options:
(a) Guadeloupe (b) Canada
(c) Cyprus () Archipelago
4. Choose the odd one out
(o) The slave trade began in the seventeenth
century.
in
(b) it was finally the Convention which
in the
1794 legislated to free all slaves
French overseas possessions.
French
(c) Slavery was finally abolished in (9) t symbolised knowledge.
colonies in 1848.
in the b) It symbolised strength in unity.
() The storming of the Bastilleabolition of (c) t symbolised the act of becoming free.
summer of 1789 was for the
censorship. (d) tt represented the personification of law.
books.
High diiculty s, adapted from well-known reference
The French Revolution 29
 9. Mostly the women of the 3rd estate (c) Citizens wanted to form a new country
were involved in which of the following (() Kings/Rulers were exploiting their
occupations to earn a living? subjects
(a) Sold fruits, vegetables, and flowers in the
market. 14. "The French Revolution is most important
() Owned shops and lands for renting for having changed subjects to citizens.!"
purposes. This statement emphasises the shif from:
(c) Worked in shops and companies. (a) religious traditions to secular values
() Worked as a teacher. (b) divine right rule to people's participation
10. Before Maximilien Robespierre seized power in government
in France and banned women's political (c) rural ifestyles to urban ifestyles
activities, the government had introduced (d) private property ownership to govern
many reforms that were progressive for ment ownership
women. Which of the following were such
reforms? 15. The French Revolution saw the introduction
(a) Compulsory schooling for boys of more than one Constitution in France.
(b) Marriage Act enacted The National Assembly introduced the 1st
(c) Divorce made illegal Constitution in 1791. This was not a perfect
(d) Divorce could only be applied by women Constitution, and many segments of society
11. If we look into the history of revolutions, had grievances with it. Why were women
then it is clear that revolutions are fuelled unhappy with this Constitution?
by the writings of philosophers and writers. () They were categorised as passive citizens.
Revolutionary ideas ignite the fire of change (I) They did not get voting rights.
among ordinary masses. Sinilar was
the case in the French Revolution. Many (I) They were not considered citizens at all.
philosophers contributed to the revolution. ()They already had enough rights.
Which of the following philosophers inspired Options:
the French Revolution?
(a) () and ((V) (b) Only (01)
) Jean Jacques Rousseau (c) () and (I) () () and ()
(1) John Locke
There are two statements marked as Assertion
(u) Thomas Paine
(A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the
Options: codes provided below:
(a) ) and () (b) () and (11) (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
(c) () and (uI) (d) Only () explanation of (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the
12. Arrange in Chronological Order: correct explanation of (A).
) Louis XV1 was executed publicly at the (c) A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
Place de la Concorde.
an Women in France won the right to vote. () (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
(U) Olympe de Gouges criticised the Jacobin 16. Assertion (A): The Jacobin Club members
government for forcibly closing down mainly belonged to the
women's clubs. less prosperous sections of
(IV)The Convention legislated to free all
society.
slaves in the French overseas possessions.
Options: Reason (R): Napoleon Bonaparte crowned
himself as France's emperor
(a) ), (n, (u) and (V) in 1804.
(b) (), (In, () and ((V)
(c) (), (I), (I) and () 17. Assertion (A): Slavery was abolished in
French colonies in 1848 and
(d) (), (), (V) and () has never been reintroduced.
13. Which of the following reasons was a Reason (R): Across the political spectrum
common cause for both the French Revolution in France people were against
and the first war of Indian Independence? the practice of slavery and
(a) Need for democracy vowed to abolish slavery in
(b) Soldiers were unhappy with their king French colonies.

30 EduCort One Shot Social Science Class IX

Case Based Qs nobles and clerqu, members of parties other
4&5 marks than his own, and members of his party whoof
Read the following passages and answer the had different views than his as "enemies"
questions that follow: France. He arrested and imprisoned them and
they were tried by a revolutionary tribunal on
48, John is part of a group that contains members basis. Most of them were executed
an urgent
from only the lawyer community and is actively through the guillotine. He oversaw the Reign
participating in the French revolution fromn one member of the Public
of Terror as a leading alleged that
side. Breanna and her group are composed of Safety Committee of France. It is
execution of around 17000
people belonging entirely to the royal fanmily he oversaw the mostly done
and lineage. They enjoy various luxuries and 'enemies' of France which were in the
Robespierre did all this
are devoid of any struggles. Harry and his by guillotine. the ideals of the French
brother George are members of a group that name of defending
and afew
is made up of people belonging only to the Revolution. In the end, Robespierre in
executed by quillotine
catholic clergy. Alltheir ancestors have worked of his followers were
in the church. The French revolution took place front ofa cheering crowd. Was
and all of them survived it and now they are to (A) Maximilien Robespierre
controversial figure in the French
do a profit-loss analysis of their group.
Revolution. He was a leading member
(A) From the above information, it is clear Committee which
of the Public Safety
that the groups per se are homogenous. Oversaw the Reign of Terror. In this
Who belonged to the clergy? which political ideology did
take context
(B) When did the French Revolution Robespierre subscribe to?
place according to the passage? Robespierre consider as
mentioned in (B) Whom all didFrance according to the
(C) Who of the four people victorious
enemies of
the case above would emerge source?
power that they held sizable following
in the context of French Revolution? a
(C) Robespierre had Revolution using which
before and after the during the Frenchmanipulatively execute
Jacobin club belonged he was able to revolution. How
19. The members of the prosperous section of
mainly to the less many 'enemies' of theaccording to the
society. They included small shopkeepers, did Robespierre die
artisans such as shoemakers, pastry cooks, source?
as servants personality
watchmakers, printers, as well Bonaparte was such a
workers. Their leader was 21, Napoleon is taught in history books
and daily wage group among of the West that he contributions to modern
Maximilien Robespierre. Alarge wearing long around the world. His reformed military
start, societies are many. He Napoleonic Code
the Jacobins decided to those worn by dock
striped trousers similar to organisation and training. His later developed
themselves apart from which
workers. This was to set especially was truly revolutionary
across the world. He
also
sections of society, into Civil Law Codes reforms
the fashionable knee-breeches. system. His
reorganised the education onty on France's
nobles, who wore kind of effect not
According to the source, what left a prominent
also on Europe. Since he
was
(A) Jacobin Club? institutions but moving
people joined the and commander earlier, the
Maximilien Robespierre the a military conquer was military
(B) Who was of force behind his zeal to
become the leader the Jacobins which
why did he expansion. He supported party
Jacobin club? were a popular and quite progressive The
was worn by Revolution in France.
Which type of dressJacobin Club as post the French "Reign of Terror
(C) members of the the Jacobins are known for thecommander of the
the source? Why did In 1796 he was
made the
mentioned in theJacobin club wear this ltaly was France's client
state
members of the Italian army: victory against
to
type ofdress? back then. He led the armyemperor of France,
as a becoming
Austria. After educational military. religious,
Robespierre is remembered
Revolution. he did lega,
20. Maximilien during the French reforms. His Napoleonic
radicaldemocrat heheaded the
political social and economicprivileges based on birth,
time, There was code abolished the criterion for getting
For a shortas the Jacobin Club. the time and made merit the onlyprovided freedom of
club known of
political club dominated governmnent jobs, and
another influential
Girondin Club. It
was
as the towards the right. religion. Bonaparte
known
Republicans and tiltedthe Girondists. The was Napoleon
(A) At what rank becoming
by suppressed the emperor of
RobespierreRobespierreis heldresponsible
fora placed before the extract?
rivalry between France as mentioned in
statesman Terror"partlydue to consideredex
Reign of Girondists. He 31
his club and
the Revolution }
The French
 the 30. Which were the inportont tanes prevalerti
() Elaborate on the infuence that socisties
Napoleonic code had on various France duríng the pre-Revoltion period?
Gnd countries across the world incuding
French society as per the extract. 31. How does theFrench Constitution begin
() What does the term 'Reign of terror what rights does it provide at the begirrin
mentioned in the extract mean according of the Document?
to you?
32. Underine some differences between the
Very Short & Short Qs 1-3 rarks French Revolution and the 1857 war of
22. The buying ond selling of human beings Indian Independence.
were prevalent between France, Afica, and
the Caribbean colonies of France. Comment. W33. What were the cascoding effects of a bod
23. What is a common factor that can be harvest on society, particlory in terms of
observed in the Glorious Revolution in its impoct on food availobiity, pricing, and
England, the French Revolution, and the on the heatth and stability of communities?
Iranian Rovolution?
34. How did France's 1791 Constitution reate
24. Apply your understanding of social studies
and the image below to guide your response a taxation and voting rights hierarchicol
to the following question. system of citizenship that resuted in the
Frt Estate Second Estate Thrd Ee division of citizens into "active and "passive"
groups?

Long Qs 4&5 mars

*35. Elatborate the role played by philosophers

Clergy Nobles in bringing about the French revolution and
mention their prominent works that gained
ed 2%
Mdele close. peesants, cty worer
popularity.
36. The discrimination that the people of the
Which revolution was the outcome of the 3rd estate faced proved one of the reasons
social division depicted in this Image? for the French Revolution. Elaborate in deto
about the three estates into which French
25. What were the fundamental implications
of the Constitution of 1791 on the political society was divided.
structure of France?
37. The 3rd estate was nota homogenous group
26. The National Assembly was formed after per se, unlike the 1* and 2d estates. The
the meeting of the Estates General on 5th
May, 1789 reached a deadlock What were 3rd estate consisted of people belonging
the causes of a deadlock in the meeting? to various professions. A section of thern
27. The calling of the Estates General on 5th May earned wealth during the 18h century. How
1789 was an important event in the French did the social groups within the 3rd estote
Revolution. Why was it asked to assemble earn weath and how did they contribute to
by the monarch? the French Revolution?

28. What were the reasons responsible for the 38. The French Constitution of 1791 was a very
shortage of food grains in France when Louis
XVI became the King? celebrated document and it is documented
in history as a major leap forward in the
29. Karl Marx said the first war of Indian
national revot direction of modern governance. What were
Independence was
reminiscent of the French Revolution. Do you the major changes that it brought and whot
agree? Support the statement using two was the political arrangement that it put
points. forth?

32 2 EduLart One Shot Social Science Class X

 NCERT& DIKSHA QUESTIONS
Objective Q 1mark Long Qs 6&5mars
39. Marseilaise?
Who wrote the national anthem of France, 43. Imogine yoursetf to be one of the women
(a) John Locke (b) Jacques Rousseau during the French Revolution Formulate a
(c) Vottaire () Roget de L'lste response to the arguments put forward by
Chaumette
Dilsha)
Robespierre's
44. The time period of theremembered for
Very Short &Short Qs 1-3 marks government is often only
which they
40. Exarnine the economic condirion of France the ruthless reign of terror in people
before 1789. executed thousands of innocent
Diksha] good work tooa
However, they did some Robespierre
41 You have read about the spate of executions What positive works did the
that took ploce during the reign of terror. government do?
In this context, explain what is meant bya
of Desmoulins and
guillotine and trOce its roots. 45. Compare the vievws understand
Robespierre. How does each one
42. What was the idea of govemance proposed the use of state force?
by Rousseau? Dilksha]
PREVIOUS YEARQUESTIONS
Exam Qs
CBSE School's Class 9 Annual
revolution,
to the French
48. With referencefollowing statement is not
1mark which of the
Objective Qs correct?
king called assembly of
(a) On 5 May 1789,
is not a natural Estate General
46. Which of the following king of France.
the Constitution of (b) Louis XVI was the
and inalienable right in was taken in April
France? (c) Oath of tennis court
Constitutional Remedies 1789.
14july 1789.
(a) Right of () Fall of Bastille took place on 2024]
(b) The Right to ife [Kendriya Vidyalaya, Mumbai
and opinion
(c) Freedom of speech from the options given
law 49. ldenty the painting
() Equality before School, Mathura 2024] below:
Vatsalyya Public
stormed
the agitated crowd
47. On 14 July, the Bastille. The place where
and destroyed marked as A on the
given
Bastille located is the following
ldentify it from
map of France.
options.

(a) Stone carving and Citizen

right of Man
(b) Declaration of
(c) Republican women
Hall
(b) Bastille () French Assembly School,
Pon Vidyashram Sr. Secondary
Chennai 2024]
(a) Marseillaise () Nantes
(cYParis School, Mathura 2024]
[Vatsalya Public Revolution 33
The French
 There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) Name the revolutionary journalist.
(A) and Reason (R). Mark your answer as per the (B) What is the name of the newspaper?
codes provided below: (c) Write about the comment given by the
(a) Both (A) and (R are true and (R) is the correct journalist.
explanation of (A). [Spartan Internatlonat Sr. Secondary School.
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the Chennai 2024]
correct explanation of (A).
(c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
() (A) is wrong but (R) is correct.
Very Short & Short Qs 1-3 marks
50. Assertion (A): The subsistence crisis occurred 52. How many taxes were levied on the third
frequently during the old estate?
regime. [Neiil World School, Morena 2024]
Reason (R): In old regime the monarch did 53. What led to subsistence crisis in.France?
not have the power to impose
taxes. (DAV Public School, Ludhiana 2024]
. [Tagore Public School, Agra 2024] 54. The most important step of Jacobin club
was abolition of slavery. Comment.
Case Based Q 4&5 marks
[DAV Public School, Ludhiana 2024]
Read the following passage and answer the
questions that follow: S5. Write the importance ofNapoleon Bonaparte
in the history of France and the world.
51. The revolutionary journalist Jean-Paul Marat
commented in his newspaper L' Amidu peuple [Army Public School, Patiala 2024]
(The friend of the people) on the Constitution
drafted by the National Assembly. Long Qs 4&5marks
The task of representing the people has been
given to the rich. the lot of the poor and 56. How was slave trade started? When and
oppressed will never be improved by peaceful how was it abolished?
means alone. Here we have absolute proof of
how wealth influences the law. Yet laws will [St. Xavier's Convent School, Kathua 2024]
last only as long as the people agree to obey 57. Describe the circumstances leading to the
them. And when they have managed to cast outbreak of revolutionary protest in France.
off the yoke of the aristocrats, they will do the
same to the other owners of wealth.' (Nelil World School, Morena 2024]

34 à EduCart One Shot SocialScience Class IX

SOLUTIONS
vAnswer Keys (Objective Questions)
v Detailed explanation of each Question
vRelated Theory, Caution &Important Points

COMPETENCY BASED QUESTIONS

1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4.(d) 5. (a) 6.(c) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (b)
Answer 11.(a) 12.(c) 13.(d) 14.(b) 15.(c) 16.(b) 17.(c)
Key For detailed answers of these Qs scan the QR code given at the end of the chapter.

18. (A) It is given in the passage that Harry and the lawyer community and thus was
George are members of a group belonging part of the 3d estate. He did not have
to the Catholic clergy. Their ancestors any privileges and he was discriminated
have been traditionally working within the against before the revolution.
church. This tradition has been continued (2) However, after the Revolution, the
by them. Thus, Harry and George belong to power equation in France changed and
the clergy. the privileges of Breanna, Harry, and
(B) The French Revolution occurred in 1789 George were taken away and, in this
marking the end of the eighteenth century. process, John and the alike were given
It promoted the ideals of equality, fraternity similar rights as the rest of the people.
and liberty. Thus, 3d estate people like John were
the beneficiaries.
Ge Related Theory
4 The eighteenth centurs witnessed the emergence of
19. (A) The members of the Jacobin club belonged
SOcial group who were termed middle class. These
mainly to the less prosperous sections
people earned their wealth by expanding overseas of society including small shopkeepers,
trade and from the manufacture of goods such as artisans such as shoemakers, pastrscooks,
woollen and silk textiles that were either exported or watchmakers, printers, as well as servants
bought by the richer members of society. and dailywage workers.
(8) (1) Maximilien Robespierre was a French
A Caution lawyer and statesman, a member
It is important for the students to learn about the
of the leader of Estates-General, the
division of time periods into centuries. They must
not be confused between the seventeenth and the Constituent Assembly, and the leader
eighteenth centuries because the French revolution of Jacobin Club.
occurred in 1789. To count a century, count one (2) He became the leader because he
higher than the first two digits of the ongoing current campaigned for several issues like
year.
universal manhood suffrage, the right
(C) (1) Before the French Revolution, the power to vote for people of colour, Jews,
equations were tilted in favour of the actors and domestic staff, and the
1st and the 2nd estate. Thus, Breanna, abolition of both clerical celibacy and
George, and Harrs were dominant French involvement in the Atlantic
before the revolution. John belonged to slave trade.

The French Revolution 35

 Jocobins begon (C Reign of Terror
(C) A lorge group among the refers to
the
wearing long striped trousers
those worn bu dock workers to
similar to
protest
between
revolutionary
1793 ond 1794
governnent ordered pefe
etirne
wearers arrest and
against the power welded by the execution of
of knee breeches These
Jocobins
be known as the sons-culottes
come
iterolly
to people.

22. One of the most

thousonds
meaning those without
knee-breeches:
of the Jocobin revolutiowasnorythesocial
regime
remenbered
20. (A)Maximilien Robespierre is the French
slavery in the French colonies cbotion
as a radical democrat during the
hardly objected to Slavery
earier in
ho vhich
Revolution For a short time, he heoded eighteenth century The Notionol te
poiticol cub known as the Jocobirn
which was dominated by democrats
Club held long debates about whether
man should be extended to ol the rignts Asseroy
considered including those in the colonies French
The suojects
B) The people that Robespierre
as enemies incuded ex-nobles and cdergs.
even
abolished it in 1794. Corverto
other pottical parties' mermbers, and
members of his own party who did not Reloted Theory
ogree with his methods. Plantation owners understood their
( Robespierre ceated total
fear in French
5000
induding the right to enslave
of their economic interests
Africons freinedompursuts
society when he guillotined around abolished in French colonies in 1848
Slavery was fra
ruthless
'enermies' within a week He was
own
and even executed people of his 23. The common factor among the ol thrse
methods.
party who did not agree with his revolutions was that all these
When things got worse and enough people challenged the role and power of the mongrch
revouions
turned against him, Robespierre tried
committing suicide but failed and the next 24, Under Louis XV1, France was not in good
day he was executed through a guillotine. condition. In the late 18th century Fronge
Thus, he himself met the same fate that he was on the brink of bankruptcy due to it
forced upon thousands of innocents. involvement in the Americon Revolution ond

Important King Louis XV'sextravagant spending. This led

used to to a people's revolt mainly from third estote
The quillotine was an instrument that was
infict coptal punishment upon people It was used against the inequalities of French society which
instruments was divided into three estate- as shown in the
during the French Revolution and similar
coutries
were alsO used earier in other Europeon given image. This revolution is known as French
Revolution.
21. (A) Napoleon Bonaparte was a militoary
commander in the French army. He rose 25. The Constitution of 1791 made France o
to the ranks due to his exceptional military constitutional monarchy. that is, although the
skills. He stoged a coup placing himself in monarch was still there but his powers were
power. severely limited and he was answerable to the
Related Theory elected representatives.
He saw the adoption of a new constitution in 1800.
He manipulated laws and the constitution to arown Related Theory
himsetf emperor of France in 1804. With the passing of the 1791 constitution insteod
(B) The Napoleonic Code was a document of all these powers being concentrated in the hanas
beyond its times. of one individual they were now distributed among
(1) The law declared everyone equal various institutions like the executive legislature, and
before the law and privileges by the judiciary
birth of nobles, churchmen, and rich
26. The 3 estate representatives put fortn uie
people were abolished.
demand that each representative is given an
(2) Feudal rights were taken
away to put individual vote and not one estate as a whole
an end to the feudal order in
society.
Land reforms were done. Freedom of
the King denied this. After this. a deadlock
religion was also given. emerged and the 3rd estate representatives
walked out in protest.
( Related Theory (2) These rights included freedom of speech,
The S estate right to life, freedom of opinion, equality
comprised above 97 per cent of the before the law, etc.
total French population.
32. Three points of difference between the two
27. The King called ameeting ofthe Estates-General
on S" May, 1789 to pass his tax revolutions are:
to increase the taxes on proposals
people to tide over S. The French War Of 1857
severe economic distress No. Revolution
28. There were numerous reasons for the (1) The middle classes The movement
of food grains back then. Some of shortage and intelligentsia was not
follows:
them are as supported the supported by the
movement. middle classes or
(1) The growth of the
population from
23 million during the 2nd decade of the
the intelligentsia.
18th century to 28 million in 1789 (2)The revolution was It was
caused partially successful. suppressed by
a huge shortage. the colonial
France became
(2) The supply could not match the demand a Constitutional government.
for grains. monarchical
(3) The OCcurrence of droughts and hail storms nation.
which damaged the crops added more The revolution was It was raised and
(3)
pressure. fought against
fought against
All this led to soaring prices of food grains local rulers. colonial rulers.
which became a major headache for the
people of France back then. 33. Asubsistence crisis is a severe situation in which
the most basic means of livelihood ie. food is
in danger due to bad harvest. This situation of
29. Iagree with the statement said by Karl Marx
because: bad harvest due to damage to crops or due to
any other reason had cascading effects:
(1) The French revolution was led by the
(1) Bad harvest led to scarcity of grains in
landed gentry and not the exploited the market which increased the prices of
peasants and the Indian War of
grains in the market. Food items of all sorts
Independence was led by well-paid and became more expensive than usual.
well-fed sepoys and not by the landless (2) Due to this, the poorest people could no
farmers. longer afford an adequate amount of food.
(2) Both revolutions were planned against the (3) This led to weaker bodies and food riots in
exploitative rulers and inspired struggles to the neighbourhood. Weaker bodies further
achieve complete freedom and liberty from led to increased deaths due to diseases
the despotic rule. and sometimes epidemics.
30. Taxes prevalent in France before 1789 were: 34, The Constitution of 1791 classified the citizens
(1)The tithe was a tox levied by the church. It as active and passive based on the following
was around one-tenth of the agricultural points:
produce. (1) The basis of this classification was voting
(2) Taille was paid directly to the state. It was rights. Voting rights were given to active
a direct tax citizens and denied to passive citizens.
(3) Many indirect taxes were levied on articles (2) Active citizens were men above 25 years of
of consumption. age who paid tax equal to at least 3 days
of labourer's wages. Similarly, the passive
31. The French Constitution of 1791 began with a citizens included the rest of the men and all
Declaration of Rights Women.

(1) It established many rights as natural and (3) Only the men belonging to the highest
inalienable rights, that is, the rights each bracket of taxpayers were qualified to
human being enjoys by birth and could not become an elector or a member of the
be taken away.
Assembly.

The French Revolution 37

 35. Philosophers did fire
the (4) The people of the 1t and 2nd
masses with their writingsimagination
before and
of the
enjoyed a lot of privileges by
the French Revolution. during
(1) They believed that a
were als0 exempted
taxes.
from payibinrgth
societs must be decidedperson's position in
by his merit.
(2) ldeas that envisaged a 37. (1) The third estate was formed by
on freedom and equality
and opportunities were
society based
of laws
farmers, lawyers, clerks and all
professions.
the peasaothnter s
proposed by
philosophers like John Locke and Jean (2) This made up about 90 per cent of
Jacques Rousseau.
(3) Locke in his Two Treatises of
population. Afew of them had
education. access thtoe
refuted the tenets of the Government (3) Access to education and some
absolute rights of the monarch.
divine and wealth helped the people from the
estate become prosperous.
hereditary
(4) Rousseau propOsed a form of
government
on the basis of a social contract
(4) Others earned their wealth bu
between manufacturing and selling their product
people and their representatives. domesticallyto rich members of societs or
(S) Montesquieu, in The Spirit of the Laws, by exporting them overseas.
put forth the idea of division of power in (5) This prosperous section of the 3r" estot
the government between the executive,
was entrusted with the opportunits to
legislative and judiciary. It became the revolt against the oppressive authorities
bedrock of modern governance. during the reign of Louis XVI.
Related Theory 38. Major changes brought by the Constitution of
The tyrannical rulers always try to censor the work 1791 are:
of philosophers due to fear that the masses may get (1) The Constitution of 1791 limited the
inspired. monarch's powers and distributed them
among various institutions like the
36. French societs back then was organised into
3 estates namels the 1 estate, the 2nd estate.
executive, legislature and judiciary.
and the 3 estate. (2) France became a constitutional monarchy.
(1) The majority of the population belonged (3) The National Assembly was given the
to the 3r estate. The 3 estate contained power to make laws by the Constitution of
1791.
people like city workers, peasants,
merchants,etc. (4) The assembly was indirectly elected by a
Larger group of electors elected by citizens.
(2) The 1st estate contained clergy who The citizens eligible for voting elected a
worked traditionally in churches. group of 50,000 electors (only males).
(3) The 2d estate majorly contained the nobles. and these electors chose the members
This structure was very discriminatoryagainst of the National Assembly from among
the people of the 3rd estate. The people themselves.
belongingonly to the 3r° estate paid taxes and (5) The citizens eligible to cast votes directly
bore all the burden. They were also denied any voted to choose the judiciary. The National
privileges by birth. Assembly controlled the monarch.

NCERT & DIKSHA QUESTIONS

Answer 39.(d)
GKey For detailed answers oftheseQs scan the OR code given at the end of the chapter.

40. (1) Long years of war and cost of maintaining (4) The French societs was divided into three
an extravagant court had drained the estates but the members of the third estate
financial resources of France.
onlypaid taxes.
(2) The prices of essential commodities rose (5) The population of France grew rapidy
more than the wages which led to the
crisis. which led to the increase in demand for
(3) The French Government was forced to
food grains which was not fulfilled.
increase the taxes. (Any two points)

38 Å EduCart One Shot Social Science Class IX

 , A guillotine was a
crude machine that was 44. The positive effects of Robespierre's
Used to execute people who government are brushed under the corpet
were given
capital punishment Thousonds of people due to the reign of terror thot unleashed.
were guillotined during the French Some of the positive effects of the Robespierre
Revolution,
incuding King Louis XV, Queen Marie government were:

Antoinette and Maximilien Robespierre. (1)Laws regarding wages were made labour
(1)Between 1793 and 1794 during the and peasant-friendly. providing essential
French relief to them.
Revolution's Reign of Terror saw some
radical rules under Maximilien (2) To overcome the problem of food shortage.
in charge of the
Robespierre the government indulged in the rationing of
government. bread.
(2) Thousands of those who
were thought to
be betraging the Revolution were (3) The same quality of bread was provided to
detained every citizen, whether rich or poor.
and put to death through
guillotine. (4) Equality was practiced.
42. Rousseau proposed a form of
government 45. Journalist and revolutionary orator Desmoulins
based on a social contract between people
was well-known for his ferocious rermarks and
and their representatives.
fervent support of popular sovereignty.
43. As a woman during the French Revolution, (1) He was first in favour of the revolutionary
would likely respond to Chaumette's principles of equality and liberty. but when
the Revolution took a more radical turn, he
arguments with a mix of agreement and
critique lost hope in it.

(1) One may argue that Chaumette was (2) Desmoulins supported the use of force by
the state to uphold order and protect the
a strong advocate for women's rights. victories made during the Revolution.
especially in his revolutionars rhetoric
(3) But he was cautious about extreme violence
and legislative measures to advance
and fanaticism, and he supported a more
gender equality. I would agree with him
moderate kind of government.
for ackriowledging women as active
However, Robespierre was a prominent
participants in the revolutionary struggle
member of the Committee of Public Safety
and encouraging women's engagement in
and the Jacobin party.
political and social arenas.
(2) But I would also point out how drasticalls
(1) He adopted amore radical and unyielding
position. Robespierre thought that in order
Chaumette's statements differ from the
to accomplish the ultimate objective of
realities that women had to deal with
constructing a moral republic, fear was a
throughout the revolution. They were denied necessary temporary expedient.
access to school and work possibilities, kept (2) Robespierre believed that in order to
out of political decision-making processes, protect the Revolution from both internal
and forced into conventional gender roles and external threats, state power was an
that kept them in the home. essential weapon.
(3) Iwould also criticise Chaumette for failing (3) In order to drive out counter-revolutionary
to address the unique issues and demands groups and protect the revolutionary
of women who are marginalised, such as government, he defended the use of
working-class and women of colour. violence.

The French Revolution 39

 PREVIOUS YEARQUESTIONS

(b) endofthe chapter.

49.(b)/ 50. given at the
47. (c) 48. (c) the OR
code
Answer 46. (a) answvers ofthese Qsscan 55.Napoleon Bonaparte is considered
For detailed
leaders in
one of th
C Key military history in
51. (A) Jean Paul Marat
people).
greatest mony
(The friend of the (1) MIlitary Decisions: Due to his exceptiong
ways;
(8) L'Ami du people he was
comment showed that conquered
skills he
(C)Jean's
against the fact that
powers
onlu
to
the rich had the
represent the
military
countries, creating kingdonms.
administrative
Europeon
rights and the
people and believed that wealth influenced Legal and
(2) Napoleonimplemented Napoleonic codereformg
and the poor people will remain
the law
many rights like
oppressed until they obey those
laws. which standardised la
equal before the
societs of estates was
() Everyone is
52. Old regime or the were taken awas
third estate, ) Feudal rights
divided into three estates. Onls private property
all the (ü) Protection of
comprising mostly of peasants, paid of weight and
direct (called taile) and indirect
taxes levied (iv) Uniform system
measure
on articles of indirect
consumption like salt, or
of revolutionary ideals: He
tobacco. The burden of financing activities (3) Spread of
and
the state through taxes was borne
by the third Spread the ideals of liberty, equality,
estate alone.
nationalism throughout Europe.

53. During 1789, France's population expanded seventeenth

56. (1) The slave trade began in the
from 23 million to 28 million, increasing century. The Caribbean colonies
were
demand for food grains. However, this
major food commodity providers, but there
increased demand could not be fulfilled due to
was a labour shortage on plantations
aslower rate of production. All of this led to because Europeans did not want to work in
a rise in food prices. The price of bread, which
was once an essential part of French cuisine, unfamiliar environments.
rose to such an extent that people were unable (2) So, they established a triangular slave
to purchase it. This led to subsistence crisis, an trade between Europe, Africa, and America.
extreme situation where the basic means of In the beginning French traders sailed from
livelihood were endangered. Bordeaux to African coasts, buying slaves,
packing them into their ships, and selling
54.One of the most significant social reforms
them to Caribbean plantation owners.
executed by the Jacobin rule was the abolition
of slavery in French territories. The slave trade (3) The slave trade enabled European markets
began in the seventeenth century between to meet their expanding demand.
Europe, Africa, and America. Throughout (4) Until the 18" century, the slave trade
the eighteenth century, there was was
minimal not opposed in the national
criticism of slaversin France but no assembly
measures due to fear of opposition from
were taken to abolish it. It was
finally the wealthy
Convention which in 1794 legislated to free businessmen whose revenue was based on
dll slaves in the slaves.
French overseas
introduced by Jacobin clubs. possessions (S) The Jacobin Club helped
pass laws in 1794
to free all
slaves.
(E EduCart One Shot Social Science
Class IX
 food due to short
However, this iberation was short-lived, as (3) Increased prices of
crisis.
Napoleon reestablished slavery within ten supply which led to subsistence of
demands of members
uears, giving plantation owners the power to (4) lgnorance of
third estates.
the
exploit these African workers. Finally, in 1848, the rights between
(5) Differences in
slavery was abolished from French territory. members of three estates.
exermption from taxes, nobles
(6) Apart from
well.
$7. There are several circumstances that led to the enjoyed feudal dues as
serve to the upper two
revolutionary protest. Some of them were: (7) Peasants were to
classes.
(1) Imposing heavy taxes on people of France any books, newspaper,
to recover the after expenses of war. (8) Before publishing
by the king.
theyhad to be approved (Any five points)
(2) These taxes were levied onls on the third
estate of assembly.

download
Scan QR Code to
detailed answers of
Objective Qs