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Week 8 Data Analytics 3 of 5

Variance measures the dispersion of data from its mean and is always non-negative with squared units, while standard deviation, the square root of variance, indicates the spread of data around the mean. The document provides properties and calculations for both variance and standard deviation, including methods for grouped data. It also includes a specific example of calculating standard deviation and variance for ungrouped data.

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26 views3 pages

Week 8 Data Analytics 3 of 5

Variance measures the dispersion of data from its mean and is always non-negative with squared units, while standard deviation, the square root of variance, indicates the spread of data around the mean. The document provides properties and calculations for both variance and standard deviation, including methods for grouped data. It also includes a specific example of calculating standard deviation and variance for ungrouped data.

Uploaded by

pelayonoleen
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Variance and Standard deviation

Variance

The variance is a measure of how far a set of data are dispersed out from their mean or
average value. It is denoted as ‘σ2’.

Properties of Variance

- It is always non-negative since each term in the variance sum is squared and therefore
the result is either positive or zero.

- Variance always has squared units. For example, the variance of a set of weights
estimated in kilograms will be given in kg squared. Since the population variance is squared, we
cannot compare it directly with the mean or the data themselves.

Standard Deviation

The spread of statistical data is measured by the standard deviation. Distribution measures the
deviation of data from its mean or average position. The degree of dispersion is computed by
the method of estimating the deviation of data points. It is denoted by the symbol, ‘σ’.

Properties of Standard Deviation

- It describes the square root of the mean of the squares of all values in a data set and is
also called the root-mean-square deviation.
The smallest value of the standard deviation is 0 since it cannot be negative.

- When the data values of a group are similar, then the standard deviation will be very
low or close to zero. But when the data values vary with each other, then the standard variation
is high or far from zero.

Standard Deviation for Grouped Data

Range f m fm x̄ m - x̄ (m - x̄ )2 f(m - x̄ )2
91-100 3 95.5 286.5 70.91 24.59 604.67 1814.00
81-90 5 85.5 427.5 70.91 14.59 212.87 1064.34
71-80 9 75.5 679.5 70.91 4.59 21.07 189.61
61-70 12 65.5 786 70.91 -5.41 29.27 351.22
51-60 8 55.5 444 70.91 -15.41 237.47 1899.74
Σ f(m - x̄ )2
Σf=37 Σfm=2623.5
= 5318.92
x̄ = (Σfm/Σf)
70.91

Steps

a. get the midpoint of each range.


b. multiply each midpoint with its corresponding frequency (fm)
c. Get the mean (x̄ ) by dividing the sum of fm with the sum of f (Σfm/Σf)
d. subtract the each midpoint with the mean (m - x̄ )
e. square the difference between the midpoint and the mean
g. multiple the frequency and squared difference of midpoint and the mean
h. add all the products of each multiplied frequency with the squared difference of
midpoint and the mean
i. SD Formula:

j. divide the Σ f(m - x̄ )2 with the difference between n -1 (n refers to the


frequency)
h. square root the quotient

= √5318.92 / (37-1)
=12.16
Note: The squared of SD is the variance
Variance for Ungrouped Data

10, 11, 11, 15, 15, 17, 18, 18, 19

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