Medi-Caps University
Indore
Engineering Graphics
LAB MANUAL
Mechanical Engineering Department
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Course Code ……………………….. Course Name:………………..
Section………………………………. Batch: ………………………..
CONTENT
Ex. ubm
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Name of the experiment Date ission ance
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NO (10) ( 10)
Date (10)
AD-Introduction, Need,
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1 Application, Advantage, limitations
raw Commands Practice Using
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2 Auto-CAD
odify Commands Practice Using
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3 Auto-CAD
reating Dimension and Text
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4 Commands in AutoCAD
ayers Commands and its use in
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AutoCAD
rojections of Points & Lines in
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6
AutoCAD
7 Projections of Planes in AutoCAD
8 Projections of Solids in AutoCAD
9 Sections of Solids in AutoCAD
10 Development of Surfaces in AutoCAD
EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-01 CAD-Introduction, Need, Application, Advantage, limitations Page1of 3
im: - To study about special features, advantages and applications of AutoCAD in
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detail.
Theory:-
AD means Computer Aided Design or Drafting. CAD can be defined as the use of
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computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis,andoptimizationofa
design.Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools allow designers to spend their intellectual
energy on innovation instead of focusing their attention on the mechanics of designing.
omputer-aided design is a way to digitally create 2D drawings and 3D models of
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real-world products before they’re ever manufactured. With 3D modelling, users can
share, review, simulate, and modify designs easily, opening doors to innovative and
differentiated products that get to market fast.
arious CAD packages are available in the marketlikeAutoCAD,CREO,Unigraphics,
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Solid Edge, SolidWork, ZWCAD etc.
utoCAD is the most widely used software developed by Autodesk, an American
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company.This is a drafting package used in almost all engineering branches.
Advantages of CAD: -
• We can make accurate and precise drawings.
• Improved engineering productivity
• Reduced engineering personal requirement.
• Drawing modification is easy and fast.
• Drawings prepared in the software can be stored safely.
• Drawings prepared in the software can be shared easily at any corner of the globe.
• More provision for different Views.
• Uniformity is maintained easily in drawing.
• Multiple copies of a drawing can be make with one click
Applications of CAD: -
• Modelling and Drafting of Mechanical Components
• Preparation of Architectural drawings
• Preparation of Building drawings and Maps
• Preparation of layouts for water distribution and sewer systems
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
1
EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-01 CAD-Introduction, Need, Application, Advantage, limitations Page2of 3
• Preparation of circuit diagram
Limitation of CAD: -
• Skilled personnel required to work on CAD packages
• High initial investment required
• Power supply mandatory to work on CAD system
• Important and crucial drawings may be stolen if connected to the internet.
Result:-The basics of CAD are studied.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
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EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-02 Draw Commands Practice Using Auto-CAD Page1of 4
Aim :- To Study and Practice thedraw Commands inAuto-CAD
Requirements: -
• AutoCAD Software (AutoCAD 2024 currently Installed in EG Lab)
• Processor- Intel Pentium IV or higher (Intel Core i5 available in EG Lab)
• At least Microsoft Windows XP (Window 10 Pro available in EG Lab)
• 512 MB RAM (Minimum) (8GB RAM PC system available in EG Lab)
• 750 MB free disk space (Minimum) (1TB ROM PC system available in EG Lab)
• 1024x768 VGA with true colour (Minimum)
• Mouse or other pointing device (Wired Mouse available in EG Lab)
Draw Commands: -
•Line
•Polyline
•Construction line
•Ray
•Polygon
•Rectangle
•Arc
•Circle
•Ellipse
•Hatch
•Helix
•Donut
•Spline
Theory: -
ine:TheLINEcommandisusedtodrawalinebetweentwospecifiedpoints.
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First enter the LINE command or shortcut L in the command area. Mouse
Crosshairdisplaystospecifythefirstpointofthelineandnextpointoftheline
or enter the distance of the line. Press ESC key at the end of the line.
olyline: POLYLINE command is usedtodrawaseriesoflinescontinuously
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at a time. PL or PLINE is the keyboard shortcut for polylin
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
1
EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-02 Draw Commands Practice Using Auto-CAD Page2of 4
ectangle: RECTANGLEcommandisusedtodrawarectangulargeometryin
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the drawings. REC is the keyboard shortcut for rectangle. First enter theREC
commandinthecommandarea.Acrosshairwillbedisplaystospecifythefirst
corner pointoftherectangleandinputthedimensionsoftherectangleasother
corner point.
ircle: Circles are created with the CIRCLE command. There are several
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different ways you can define a circle.
hoseareasfollows-definingcentrepointandradiusordiameterofthecircle.
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In the 2Point method Define the circle with points on either end of the circle
diameter.Inthe3PointmethodDefinethecirclewith3noncollinearpoints.In
the Tangent, Tangent and Radius method define the circle by specifying two
other objects that are tangent to the circle and the radius of the circle. TTT
means tangent at three poitns
rc: ARC command is used draw partial circles in the Auto CAD drawings.
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There are seven methods available to draw an arc in the Auto CAD. Those are
i.Specifying 3 points on the arc
ii.Specifying starting point, centre and end point
iii.Specifying starting point, centre and included angle
iv.Specifying starting point, centre and length of the cord
v.Specifying starting point, end point and radius
vi.Specifying starting point, end point and included angle and
vii.Specifying starting point, end point and direction of start
olygon:ThePOLYGONEcommandisusedtodrawapolygonwith3to1024
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sidesbyspecifyingacircleinscribedorcircumscribedwithdefiniteradiusorby
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
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EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-02 Draw Commands Practice Using Auto-CAD Page3of 4
entering side length of the polygon.
llipse: This ELLIPSE command is used to draw ellipses by giving major and minor
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axes.
Fig. 2.1 - Draw Commands symbol and uses
Fig. 2.2 - Practise Ex. 01
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Medi-Caps University
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EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-02 Draw Commands Practice Using Auto-CAD Page4of 4
Fig. 2.3 - Practise Ex. 02
Result:-The common Draw commands of AutoCAD are studiedand practised.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
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EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-03 Modify Commands Practice Using Auto-CAD Page1of 6
Aim: -To Study and Practice themodify Commands inAuto-CAD
Requirements: -
• Auto CAD Software
• Computer Hardware
Commands: -
• Move
• Copy
• Offset
• Extend
• Trim
• Mirror
• Rotate
• Scale
Theory: -
odifyallowsyoutodoanumberofmodificationsormanipulationsonanentity,such
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ascopying,rotating,displacing,multiplecopying,deleting,creatingamirrorimageand
manymore.Allofthesecanbeappliedtoalltheobjects.Therearesomecommandsthat
canbeappliedonlytosomeobjects.Forexample,extendisacommandthatcanbeused
for extending a line, but it does not apply for a full circle.
Move Command: -Used to move the object/line/pointat desired position
1 . Choose: Modify > Move or Click the Move icon or Type MOVE at the command
prompt
Command: MOVE or M
2. Pick: Objects to move
Select objects: (select)
5. Pick: A point to move from
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
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EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-03 Modify Commands Practice Using Auto-CAD Page2of 6
Base point or displacement: (pick point)
6. Pick: A point to move to
Second point of displacement: (pick point)
Offset Distance:To offset a specified distance:
1 . Choose: Modify, Offset or Choose the Offset icon Type OFFSET at the command
prompt.
Command: OFFSET or O
2. Type: the distance to offset.
Offset distance or <Through point>: (number)
3. Pick: The object to offset.
Select object to offset: (select object)
4. Pick: A side to offset object to.
Side to offset: (pick side)
5. Pick: Another object to offset
Select object to offset: (pick side)
Or
Press Enter to end the command.
EXTEND:
1 .Choose:Modify,ExtendorClicktheExtendiconorTypeEXTENDatthecommand
prompt
Command: EXTEND
Select boundary edge(s)...
2. Pick: The BOUNDARY edge to extend to
Select objects: (select)
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Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
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EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-03 Modify Commands Practice Using Auto-CAD Page3of 6
3. Press ENTER to accept the boundary edge
Select objects: (press enter)
4. Pick: The objects to extend
<Select object to extend> / Project /
Edge / Undo: Select an object, enter an option, or press enter: (select)
5. Press ENTER when done choosing objects
TRIM:
heTRIMcommandallowsusertotrimobjectsinadrawingsotheyendpreciselyata
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cutting edge defined by one or more other objects in the drawing.
1. Choose: Modify, Trim or Click the Trim icon or Type TRIM at the command prompt
Command: TRIM
Select cutting edge(s)...
2. Pick: The CUTTING edge to extend to
Select objects: (select)
3. Press: ENTER to accept the cutting edge
Select objects: (press enter)
4. Pick: Objects to trim
Selectobjecttotrim>/Project/Edge/Undo:Selectanobject,enteranoption,or
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press enter
5. Press: ENTER when you are done choosing objects
Select object to trim/Undo: (press enter)
MIRROR:
1 . Choose: Modify Mirror or Click the Mirror icon orTypeMIRRORatthecommand
prompt.
Command: MIRROR
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Medi-Caps University
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EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-03 Modify Commands Practice Using Auto-CAD Page4of 6
2. Pick: Objects to mirror.
Select objects:(select)
3. Pick: First point of mirror line: (point)
4. Pick: Second point: (point)
5. Type: Yes to delete the original objects and No to keep them.
Delete old objects? Y or N
ROTATE:
1 . Choose: Modify, Rotate or Click the Rotateicon.orTypeROTATEatthecommand
prompt
Command: ROTATE
2. Pick: Objects to rotate:
Select objects :( select)
3. Pick: A pivot point to rotate around
Base point: (point)
4. Type: A rotation angle<Rotation angle>/Reference: (number)
Or Pick A rotation angle<Rotation angle>/Reference: (point)
SCALE:
1 . Choose: Modify, Scale. Or Click the Scale icon Or Type SCALE at the command
prompt
Command: SCALE
2. Select objects: (select objects)
3. Pick: A pivot point to scale about Base point: (point)
4. Type: A rotation angle<Scale factor>/Reference :( number)
Or Pick a scale factor<Scale factor>/Reference: (point)
Scale factor/Reference: (points)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
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EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-03 Modify Commands Practice Using Auto-CAD Page5of 6
Fig. 3.1 - Modify Commands symbol and uses
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Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
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EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-03 Modify Commands Practice Using Auto-CAD Page6of 6
Fig. 3.2 - Practise Ex. 01
Fig. 3.3 - Practise Ex. 02
Result:- The common Modify commands of AutoCAD arestudied and practised.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
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EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-04 Creating Dimension and Text Commands in AutoCAD Page1of 6
Aim:-To Study and Practice theDimension and TextCommands in AutoCAD
Requirements: -
• Auto CAD Software
• Computer Hardware
Theory:
ADDING DIMENSIONS
imensions are indicated on the drawing to define the size characteristics such as
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length, breadth, height, diameter, radius, angle and location of hole, slot, etc. They
should be mentioned directly on the drawing to describe a component clearly and
completely in its finished form.
SYSTEMS OF DIMENSIONING
imensions can be placed in a view by using eitherunidirectionalsystemoraligned
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system.AutoCADcontainsunidirectionaldimensioningsystemsasdefault.Tochange
ittoanalignedsystemtypeDimstyle.Itopensthedimensionstylemanagerdialogbox
as shown in Fig. (a). Either add a new dimensioning system or modify the standard
dimensioning system.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
1
EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-04 Creating Dimension and Text Commands in AutoCAD Page2of 6
lick on modify tool of the dimension style manager toopenthemodifydimension
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style dialog box as shown in Fig. (b). Select Texttabofthemodifydimensionstyle
dialog box and set Text alignment as ISO standard and Text placement Vertical as
Above. There is also a provisiontosetthetextstyle,sizeandcolour.Theothertabs
available on the modify dimension style dialog box offers to set (i) thethicknessof
the dimension lines, (ii) type and size of arrowheads, (iii) placement of text and
arrowheads, and (iv) format and size of dimensional figures.
CREATING DIMENSIONAL LINES
s discussed earlier, toolsfortext,dimensioningandnotesarefoundinannotation
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panel, of the Home tab. They are also found in Annotate tab Click on the
down-arrow of the dimension tool available on the annotation Panel to open the
flyout as shown in Fig. (a). Popular format of dimensioning contained byitareas
follows:
1. Horizontal:It creates horizontal linear dimensionsby either specifying two end
points of a line (horizontal or inclined) or picking the line (see Fig.(a)). Click
Home tab fi Annotation panel fi Dimension down-arrow fi Horizontal Specify
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Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
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EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-04 Creating Dimension and Text Commands in AutoCAD Page3of 6
start and end points of a line or press enter followed by picking a line.
Drag the dimension line to the desired position and click to place it.
2. Vertical:It creates vertical linear dimensions byeither specifying two end points
or picking an object. The object may be a line (vertical or inclined) or element of
a polyline (see Fig. (a)). Click Home tab fi Annotation panel fi Dimension
down-arrow fi Vertical Specify start and end points of a line or press enter
followed by picking a line. Drag the dimension line to the desired position and
click to place it.
3. Aligned:It creates linear dimensions parallel tothe object by either
specifying two end points or picking an object (see Fig. (a)). Click
Home tab = Annotation panel = Dimension down-arrow
= Aligned Specify start and end points of a line or press enter followed by picking
a line. Drag the dimension line to the desired position and click to place it.
4. Angular:Itcreatesangulardimensionspickingtwonon-parallelstraightlines(see
Fig.(c)).ClickHometab=Annotationpanel=Dimensiondown-arrow=Angular
Pick two non-parallel lines. Drag the dimension line to the desired position and
click to place it.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
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EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-04 Creating Dimension and Text Commands in AutoCAD Page4of 6
5. Arc length:Itcreatesarclengthdimensionsbyspecifyingendpointsofanarcor
picking an arc (see Fig. (d)). Click Home tab = Annotation panel = Dimension
down-arrow = Arc length Specify start and end points of an arc or press enter
followed by picking an arc. Drag the dimension line to the desired position and
click to place it.
6. Radius:Itcreatesradiusdimensionsforarcsandcircles(seeFig.(e)).ClickHome
tab = Annotation panel = Dimension down-arrow = Radius Select arc or radius.
Drag the dimension value to the desired position and click to place it.
7. Diameter: It creates diameter dimensions forarcsandcircles(seeFig.(f)).Click
Home tab = Annotationpanel=Dimensiondown-arrow=DiameterSelectanarc
or radius. Drag the dimension value to the desired inclination and click to place it.
8. Jogged: It creates a radius dimension with the origin of the dimension at any
convenient locationandajogalongthedimensionline(seeFig.(g)).ClickHome
tab = Annotation panel = Dimension down-arrow = Jogged Select arc or radius.
Specifyoriginofthedimensionline.Specifyarrowheadlocationofdimensionline.
Specify jog location.
9. Baseline:It creates progressive parallel dimensioning(see Fig. (h)).
10.Chain:It creates continuous chain dimensioning (seeFig. (h)).
ADDING TEXT
I n AutoCAD term ‘text’ is used to define lettering. This text is often called
annotation. The text on a drawing conveys a variety of information. It may be a
specification, title block entities, a label or even part of the drawing. Tools for text,
dimensioning and notes are found in Annotation Panel, shown in Fig. (a) Of the Home
tab. They are also found in Annotate tab as shown in Fig. (b)
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Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
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EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-04 Creating Dimension and Text Commands in AutoCAD Page5of 6
Single Line Text Tool
ingle Line Text is used to create one or more lines oftext,whereeach
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textlineisanindependentobject.Eachtextlineisanindependentobject
that you can relocate, reformat, or otherwise modify. Click on the
down-arrow ofthemultilinetexttooltoopentheflyoutasshowninFig.
(a)andselectsinglelinetext.Thesinglelinetextcanalsobeinvokedby
typing Dtext or Dt. Specify the start point, height and rotation angle
followed by entry of the text.
Multiline Text
ultiline text is used for longer entries. It wraps the text so thatentireparagraphis
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treated as one object. Click on the multiline text tool, shown in Fig.(a)or(b).Pick
diagonallyoppositecornerstospecifythewidth.Thisopensupatexteditorribbonas
shown in Fig. (b) and also prompts to enter text. The ribbon is useful to apply
formattingsuchastextstyle,fonts,color,textheight,linespacingandinsertsymbols
during entry of text. Thus,anindividualwordsandcharacterscanbeformatted.The
multiline text can also be invoked by typing Mtext or Mt.
Click Home tab =Annotation panel = Multiline Text
pecify opposite corners of a bounding box to define the width of the multiline text.
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Enter the text similar to that performed in any Windows program. Click outside the
text boundary to exit.
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Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
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EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-04 Creating Dimension and Text Commands in AutoCAD Page6of 6
Fig. 4.1 - Practise Ex. 01
Fig. 4.2 - Practise Ex. 02
Result:- Text commands and Dimension tool of AutoCAD are studied and practised.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
6
EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-05 Layers Commands and its use in AutoCAD Page1of 2
Aim:-To Study and Practice the Layers Commands and its use in AutoCAD.
Requirements: -
• Auto CAD Software
• Computer Hardware
Theory:
ADDING DIFFERENT TYPES OF LAYERS
inesofdifferentnatureandthicknessareusedfordifferentpurposes.InAutoCADby
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layer properties tool wecanspecifiedcommontypesoflineswithdifferentcoloursso
that they can be identified in a drawing at a glance. These lines can be opted and
modified from the layer paneloftheHometab.Clickonthecontourtooldownarrow
showninFig.(a)toopenflyoutasshowninFig.(b).SelectHiddenorHiddentoinvoke
hidden lines, Centreline to invokecentreline,Dimensiontoinvokedimensionallines,
and so on. It may be noted that lineweight should be highlighted in the status bar to
view lines of different thickness in a drawing. Properties of a line can be changed
altogether using the layer manager dialog boxasshowninFig.18.67(c).Clickonthe
layer manager tool to open the layer manager dialog box. Select a line and reset its
colour, linetype and lineweight.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
1
EN3ES26 (P) Engineering Graphics Lab
Experiment No:-05 Layers Commands and its use in AutoCAD Page2of 2
Fig. 5.1 - Practise Ex. 01
Fig. 5.1 - Practise Ex. 02
Result:-Layertool of AutoCAD are studied and practised.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
Medi-Caps University
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