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CHƯƠNG 5
CREATIONAL PATTERNS

GVHD: Ths. Lương Văn Minh

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NỘI DUNG
Singleton Pattern
Prototype Pattern
Builder Pattern
Factory Method Pattern
Abstract Factory Pattern

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SINGLETON PATTERN

Ths. Lương Văn Minh 3

Singleton Pattern
Definition:
➢ Ensure a class has only one instance, and provide a
global point of access to it.
➢ A particular class should have only one instance. You
can use this instance whenever you need it and
therefore avoid creating unnecessary objects.

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Singleton Pattern
Real-Life Example:
➢ Suppose you are a member of a sports team and your
team is participating in a tournament. When your
team plays against another team, as per the rules of
the game, the captains of the two sides must have a
coin toss.
➢ If your team does not have a captain, you need to
elect someone to be the captain first. Your team must
have one and only one captain

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Singleton Pattern
Computer World Example:
➢ In some software systems, you may decide to
maintain only one file system so that you can use it for
the centralized management of resources.

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Singleton Pattern
Key characteristics:
➢ The constructor is private in this example. So, you
cannot instantiate in a normal fashion (using new).
➢ Before you attempt to create an instance of a class,
you check whether you already have an available
copy.
➢ If you do not have any such copy, you create it;
otherwise, you simply reuse the existing copy.

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Singleton Pattern
Class Diagram:

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Singleton Pattern

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Singleton Pattern

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Singleton Pattern
Discussion:
➢ The Common Language Runtime (CLR) takes care of
the variable initialization process.
➢ You create an instance when any member of the class
is referenced
➢ The constructor is private. So, you cannot instantiate
the Singleton class inside Main(). This will help you
refer to the one instance that can exist in the system.

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Singleton Pattern
Discussion:
➢ The public static member ensures a global point of
access. It confirms that the instantiation process will
not start until you invoke the Instance property of the
class (in other words, it supports lazy instantiation).
➢ The sealed keyword prevents the further derivation of
the class (so that its subclass cannot misuse it), and
readonly ensures that the assignment process takes
place during the static initialization.

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Singleton Pattern
Question:
➢ Why are you complicating stuff? You can simply write
your Singleton class as follows:

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Singleton Pattern

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Singleton Pattern
Exercise: Config App class

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PROTOTYPE PATTERN

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Prototype Pattern
Definition:
➢ Specify the kinds of objects to create using a
prototypical instance, and create new objects by
copying this prototype
➢ This pattern provides an alternative method for
instantiating new objects by copying or cloning an
instance of an existing object. You can avoid the
expense of creating a new instance using this concept

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Prototype Pattern
Real-Life Example:
➢ Suppose you have a master copy of a valuable
document. You need to incorporate some change into
it to analyze the effect of the change. In this case, you
can make a photocopy of the original document and
edit the changes in the photocopied document.

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Prototype Pattern
Computer World Example:
➢ Let’s assume that you already have an application that
is stable. In the future, you may want to modify the
application with some small changes.
➢ You must start with a copy of your original application,
make the changes, and then analyze further. Surely
you do not want to start from scratch to merely make
a change; this would cost you time and money

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Prototype Pattern
Class Diagram:

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Prototype Pattern

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Prototype Pattern

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Prototype Pattern

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Prototype Pattern

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Prototype Pattern
Question:
1. What are the advantages of using the Prototype
design pattern?
2. What are the challenges associated with using the
Prototype design pattern?

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Prototype Pattern
Exercise: Computer, Desktop, Laptop

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BUILDER PATTERN

Ths. Lương Văn Minh 27

Builder Pattern
Definition:
➢ Separate the construction of a complex object from its
representation so that the same construction
processes can create different representations.

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Builder Pattern
Concept:
➢ The Builder pattern is useful for creating complex
objects that have multiple parts.
➢ The creation process of an object should be
independent of these parts; in other words, the
construction process does not care how these parts
are assembled.
➢ In addition, you should be able to use the same
construction process to create different
representations of the objects.

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Builder Pattern
Real-Life Example:
➢ To complete an order for a computer, different
hardware parts are assembled based on customer
preferences. For example, a customer can opt for a
500GB hard disk with an Intel processor, and another
customer can choose a 250GB hard disk with an AMD
processor.

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Builder Pattern
Computer World Example:
➢ You can use this pattern when you want to convert
one text format to another text format, such as
converting from RTF to ASCII

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Builder Pattern
Class Diagram:

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Builder Pattern

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Builder Pattern

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Builder Pattern

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Builder Pattern

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Builder Pattern

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Builder Pattern

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Builder Pattern

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Builder Pattern

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Builder Pattern
Exercise:

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FACTORY METHOD PATTERN

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Factory Method Pattern
Definition:
➢ Define an interface for creating an object, but let
subclasses decide which class to instantiate. The
Factory Method pattern lets a class defer instantiation
to subclasses.

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Factory Method Pattern
Real-Life Example:
➢ In a restaurant, based on customer inputs, a chef
varies the taste of dishes to make the final products.

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Factory Method Pattern
Computer World Example:
➢ In an application, you may have different database users. For
example, one user may use Oracle, and the other may use SQL
Server. Whenever you need to insert data into your database,
you need to create either a SqlConnection or an
OracleConnection and only then can you proceed.
➢ If you put the code into if-else (or switch) statements, you need
to repeat a lot of code, which isn’t easily maintainable. This is
because whenever you need to support a new type of
connection, you need to reopen your code and make those
modifications. This type of problem can be resolved using the
Factory Method pattern

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Factory Method Pattern
Class Diagram:

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Factory Method Pattern

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Factory Method Pattern

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Factory Method Pattern

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Factory Method Pattern

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Factory Method Pattern

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Factory Method Pattern

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Factory Method Pattern
Exercise:

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ABSTRACT FACTORY PATTERN

Ths. Lương Văn Minh 54

Abstract Factory Pattern
Definition:
➢ Provide an interface for creating families of related or
dependent objects without specifying their concrete
classes.
➢ An abstract factory is called a factory of factories. In
this pattern, you provide a way to encapsulate a group
of individual factories that have a common theme. In
this process, you do not mention or specify their
concrete classes.

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Abstract Factory Pattern
Real-Life Example:
➢ Suppose you are decorating your room with two
different types of tables; one is made of wood and
one of steel. For the wooden type, you need to visit to
a carpenter, and for the other type, you may need to
go to a metal shop. All of these are table factories. So,
based on demand, you decide what kind of factory
you need.

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Abstract Factory Pattern
Computer World Example:
➢ ADO.NET has already implemented similar concepts
to establish a connection to a database.

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Abstract Factory Pattern
Class Diagram:

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Abstract Factory Pattern

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Abstract Factory Pattern

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Abstract Factory Pattern

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Abstract Factory Pattern

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Abstract Factory Pattern
public class WildAnimalFactory : IAnimalFactory
{
public IDog GetDog()
{
return new WildDog();
}

public ITiger GetTiger()

{
return new WildTiger();
}
}

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Abstract Factory Pattern
public class PetAnimalFactory : IAnimalFactory
{
public IDog GetDog()
{
return new PetDog();
}

public ITiger GetTiger()

{
return new PetTiger();
}
}

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Abstract Factory Pattern

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Abstract Factory Pattern
Exercise:

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