EDUCATION SPRINT

CLASS- X Total Marks : 361

SECTION FORMULAE

Section A

* Answer the following questions. [3 Marks Each] [117]

1. Find the distance between P and Q if P lies on the y - axis and has an ordinate 5
while Q lies on the x - axis and has an abscissa 12 .
Ans. : P lies on y -axis and has ordinate
∴ P (0, 5)

Q lies on x-axis and has an abscissa

∴ Q(12, 0)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
∴ P Q = √(12 − 0) + (0 − 5)

−−−−−− −
= √144 + 25
−−−
= √169

= 13 units.

2. A line segment of length 10 units has one end at A (-4 , 3). If the ordinate of te
othyer end B is 9 , find the abscissa of this end.
Ans. : A(−4, 3), Let the other point B(x, 9)

Given,AB = 10 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
√(−4 − x) + (3 − 9) = 10

squaring both sides,

2
⇒ 16 + x + 8x + 36 = 100

2
⇒ x + 8x − 48 = 0

2
⇒ x + 12x − 4x − 48 = 0

⇒ x(x + 12) − 4(x + 12) = 0

⇒ (x − 4)(x + 12) = 0

⇒ x = 4 or − 12

The abscissa of other end is 4 or -12 .

3. Prove that the following set of point is collinear :
(5 , 5),(3 , 4),(-7 , -1)

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 A(5, 5)B(3, 4)C(−7, −1)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−− –
2 2
AB = √(5 − 3) + (5 − 4) = √4 + 1 = √5 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−− − –
2 2
BC = √(3 + 7) + (4 + 1) = √100 + 25 = 5√5 units
Ans. : −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−− − –
2 2
AC = √(5 + 7) + (5 + 1) = √144 + 36 = 6√5 units

– – –
AB + BC = √5 + 5√5 = 6√5 = AC

∵ AB + BC = AC

hence A, B and C are collinear points.

4. Prove that the following set of point is collinear :
(5 , 1),(3 , 2),(1 , 3)
P (5, 1)Q(3, 2)R(1, 3)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−− –
2 2
P Q = √(5 − 3) + (1 − 2) = √4 + 1 = √5 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−− –
2 2
QR = √(3 − 1) + (2 − 3) = √4 + 1 = √5 units
Ans. : −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
P R = √(5 − 1) + (1 − 3) = √16 + 4 = √20 units

– – –
P Q + QR = √5 + √5 = 2√5 = P R

∵ P Q + QR = P R

∵ P, Q and R are collinear points.

5. Prove that the following set of point is collinear :
(4, -5),(1 , 1),(-2 , 7)
Ans. :
M (4, −5)N (1, 1)S(−2, 7)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− –
2
M N = √(4 − 1) + (−5 − 1)
2
= √9 + 36 = 3√5 units
− −−−−−−−−−−−−−− − −−−− –
NS 2
= √(1 + 2) + (1 − 7)
2
= √9 + 36 = 3√5 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−− –
2
M S = √(4 + 2) + (−5 − 7)
2
= √36 + 144 = 6√5 units
– – –
M N + N S = 3√5 + 3√5 = 6√5 = M S

∵ MN + N S = MS

∵ M, N and S are collinear points.

6. Find the distance between the following point :
(Sin θ - cosec θ , cos θ - cot θ) and (cos θ - cosec θ , -sin θ - cot θ)
Ans. :
A(sin θ − cosec θ, cos θ − cot θ)

B(cos θ − cosec θ, − sin θ − cot θ)

AB
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
= √(cos θ − cosec θ − sin θ + cosec θ) + (− sin θ − cot θ − cos θ + cot θ)

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
= √(cos θ − sin θ) + (− sin θ − cos θ)

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
= √cos θ + sin θ − 2 cos θ sin θ + sin θ + cos θ + 2 sin θ cos θ
–
= √2 units.

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7. Find the distance of a point (7 , 5) from another point on the x - axis whose
abscissa is -5.
Ans. : Let the point on x - axis be (x, 0) given abscissa is -5 .
∴ point is P (−5, 0)

Let (7, 5) be point A

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
AP = √(7 + 5) + (5 − 0)

−−−−−− −
= √144 + 25
−−−
= √169

= 13 units

8. Find the distance of a point (13 , -9) from another point on the line y = 0 whose
abscissa is 1.
Ans. : Point on the line y = 0 lies on x-axis given acscissa is 1 .
∴ point is P (1, 0)
Let (13, −9) be point
A
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
AP = √(13 − 1) + (−9 − 0)

−−−−−− −
= √144 + 81
−−−
= √225

= 15 units

9. Find the distance of a point (12 , 5) from another point on the line x = 0 whose
ordinate is 9.
Ans. : Point on the line x = 0 lies on given its ordinate is 9.
∴ point is P (0, 9)

Let the point

(12, 5) A be .
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
AP = √(12 − 0) + (5 − 9)

−−−−−− −
= √144 + 16
−−−
= √160
−−
= 4√10 units

10. Find the value of a if the distance between the points (5 , a) and (1 , 5) is 5 units
.
Ans. : Let the points (5, a) and (1, −5) be P and Q respectively.
Given,P Q = 5 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
√(5 − 1) + (a + 5) = 5

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 squaring both sides, we get ,
2
16 + a + 25 + 10 " a "= 25

2
⇒ a + 10a + 16 = 0

2
⇒ a + 8a + 2a + 16 = 0

⇒ (a + 8)(a + 2) = 0

∴ a = −8, −2

11. Find the value of m if the distance between the points (m, −4) and (3, 2) is
–
3√5 units.
Ans. : Let the points
(m, −4) (3, 2) and be A amd B respectively.
–
Given
AB = 3√5 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− –
2 2
√(m − 3) + (−4 − 2) = 3√5

squaring both sides

2
m − 6m + 9 + 36 = 45
2
⇒ m − 6m = 0

⇒ m(m − 6) = 0

⇒ m = 0 or 6 .
12. Find the coordinate of a point P which divides the line segment joining :
A (3, -3) and B (6, 9) in the ratio 1 :2.

Ans. :
Let the point P divides the line segment AB in the ratio 1 : 2 .
∴ coordinates of Pare
1×6+2×3
x = = 4
1+2

1×9+2x−3
y = = 1
1+2

13. Find the coordinate of a point P which divides the line segment joining :
M( -4, -5) and N (3, 2) in the ratio 2 : 5.

Ans. :
Let the point P divides the line segment MN in the ratio2: 5 .
cooordinates of P are
2×3+5×−4 14
x = = − = −2
2+5 7

2×2+5×−5
y = = −3
2+5

14. Find the coordinate of a point P which divides the line segment joining :
5(2, 6) and R(9, -8) in the ratio 3: 4.

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 Ans. :
Let the point P divides the line segment SR in the ratio 3 : 4 .
∴ coordinates of P are
3×9+4×2
x = = 5
3+4

3×−8+4×6
y = = 0
3+4

15. Find the coordinate of a point P which divides the line segment joining :
D(-7, 9) and E( 15, -2) in the ratio 4:7.

Ans. :
Let the point P divides DE in the ratio 4 : 7 .
∴ cooordinates of P are
4×15+7×−7
x = = 1
4+7

4×−2+7×9
y = = 5
4+7

16. Find the coordinate of a point P which divides the line segment joining :
A(-8, -5) and B (7, 10) in the ratio 2:3.

Ans. :
Let the point P divides the line segment AB in the ratio 2 : 3 .
∴ coordinates of P are
2×7+3×−8
x = = −2
2+3

2×10+3×−5
y = = 1
2+3

17. Find the coordinates of point P which divides line segment joining A ( 3, -10) and
B (3, 2) in such a way that PB: AB= 1.5.

Ans. :
Given: −P B : AB = 1 : 5

∴ PB : PA = 1 : 4

Coordinates of Pare
4×3−3 4×2−10 9 2
(x, y) = ( , ) = ( ,− )
5 5 5 5

9 2
P ( ,− )
5 5

18. B is a point on the line segment AC. The coordinates of A and B are (2, 5) and (1,
0). If AC= 3 AB, find the coordinates of C.

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 Ans. :
Given AC : AB = 3 : 1

∴ AB : BC = 1 : 2

Coordinates of B are
x+4 y+10
1 = ,0 =
3 3

3 = x + 4, 0 = y + 10

x = −1, y = −10

Hence the coordinates of C are (−1, −10) .

19. Q is a point on the line segment AB. The coordinates of A and B are (2, 7) and
(7, 12) along the line AB so that AQ = 4BQ. Find the coordinates of Q.

Ans. :
AQ : BQ = 4 : 1

Coordinates of Q are
4×7+1×2 4×12+1×7
Q(x, y) = Q ( , ) = Q(6, 11)
4+1 4+1

Thus the coordinates of

Q (6, 11) are
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− − −−−−− –
2 2
AQ = √(2 − 6) + (7 − 11) = √16 + 16 = 4√2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−− –
2 2
BQ = √(7 − 6) + (12 − 11) = √1 + 1 = √2

⇒ AQ = 4BQ

20. Find the ratio in which the point R ( 1, 5) divides the line segment joining the
points S (-2, -1) and T (5, 13).

Ans. :
Let R divides the line segment ST in the ratio k : 1 . Coordinates of R

R(x, y) = R(1, 5)

5k−2 13k−1
R( , ) = R(1, 5)
k+1 k+1

5k−2
= 1
k+1

5k − 2 = k + 1

4k = 3

3
k =
4

Hence, required ratiois k : 1 = 3 : 4 .

21. Find the ratio in which the line segment joining A (2, -3) and B(S, 6) i~ divided by
the x-axis.

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 Ans. :
Let the point on x-axis be P (x, O) which divides the line segment AB in the ratio
k : 1.

Coordinates of P are
5k+2 6k−3
x = ,0 =
k+1 k+1

⇒ 0 = 6k − 3

1
k =
2

Hence, the required ratio is 1 : 2 .

22. Find the ratio in which the line segment joining P ( 4, -6) and Q ( -3, 8) is divided
by the line y = 0.

Ans. :
Given PQ is divided by the line Y = O i.e. x-axis.
Let S(x, O) be the pcint on line Y = 0 , which divides the line segment PQ in the
ratio k : 1 .
Coordinates of S are
−3k+4 8k−6
x = ,0 =
k+1 k+1

⇒ 8k = 6

3
⇒ k =
4

Hence, the required ratio is 3 : 4 .

23. In what ratio is the line joining (2, -1) and (-5, 6) divided by the y axis ?

Ans. :
Let the point P (0, y) lies on y -axis which divides the line segment AB in the ratio
k : 1.

Coordinates of P are,
−5k+2 6k−1
0 = ,y =
k+1 k+1

⇒ 5k = 2

2
⇒ k =
5

Hence, the required ratio is 2 : 5 .

24. A(6, -2), B(3, -2) and C(S, 6) are the three vertices of a parallelogram ABCD. Find
the coordinates of the fourth vertex c.

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 Ans. :
We know that in a parallelogram, diagonals bisect each other .
∴ midpoint of AC = midpoint of BD

6+8 −2+6 x+3 y−2

O( , ) = O( , )
2 2 2 2

6+8 x+3 −2+6 y−2

∴ = , =
2 2 2 2

14 = x + 3, 4 = y − 2

x = 11, y = 6

the coordinates of the fourth vertex Dare (11, 6)

25. P( -2, 5), Q(3, 6 ), R( -4, 3) and S(-9, 2) are the vertices of a quadrilateral. Find the
coordinates of the midpoints of the diagonals PR and QS. Give a special name to
the quadrilateral.

Ans. :
Coordinates of mid point of PR are i.e. (−3, 4)
−2−4 5+3
( , )
2 2

Coordinates of mid point of QS are i.e. (−3, 4)

−9+3 2+6
( , )
2 2

The midpoint of PR is same as that of Qs, i.e. diagonals PR and QS bisect each
other .
Hence, PQRS is a parallelogram.
26. Three consecutive vertices of a parallelogram ABCD are A(S, 5), B(-7, -5) and C(-5,
5). Find the coordinates of the fourth vertex D.

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 Ans. :
we know that in a parallelogram diagonals bisect each other
∴ midpoint of AC = midpoint of BD

8−5 5+5 x−7 y−5

O( , ) = O( , )
2 2 2 2

8−5 x−7 5+5 y−5

= , =
2 2 2 2

3 x−7
= , 10 = y − 5
2 2

x = 10, y = 15

Coordinates of fourth vertex D are (10, 15)

27. Find the length of the median through the vertex A of triangle ABC whose
vertices are A (7, -3), B(S, 3) and C(3, -1).

Ans. :
We know that the median of triangle bisects the opposite side
∴ BD : DC = 1 : 1

Coordinates of D are,
5+3 3−1
D(x, y) = D ( , ) = D(4, 1)
2 2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
Length of median 2
AD = √(7 − 4) + (−3 − 1)
2
= √9 + 16 = √25 = 5 units
28. Find the centroid of a triangle whose vertices are (3, -5), (-7, 4) and ( 10, -2).

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 Ans. :
Let O be he centroid of △ABC

Coordinates of O are
3+10−7 −5+4−2
O(x, y, z) = O ( , )
3 3

= O(2, −1)

29. Two vertices of a triangle are (1, 4) and (3, 1). If the centroid of the triangle is
the origin, find the third vertex.

Ans. :
Given the centroid of △ABC is at origin, i.e. G(0, 0).
Let the coordinates of third vertex be (x, y).
Coordinates of G are,
1+3+x 4+1+y
G(0, 0) = G ( , )
3 3

4+x 5+y
O = ,O =
2 2

x = −4, y = −5

Coordinates of third vertex are (−4, −5)

30. The mid-point of the line segment joining A (- 2 , 0) and B (x , y) is P (6 , 3). Find
the coordinates of B.

Ans. :
Coordinates of P are,

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 −2+x 0+y
P (6, 3) = P ( , )
2 2

−2+x y
6 = ,3 =
2 2

⇒ 12 = −2 + x, y = 6

⇒ x = 14

Coordinates of B are (14, 6)

31. A triangle is formed by line segments joining the points (5, 1 ), (3, 4) and (1, 1).
Find the coordinates of the centroid.

Ans. :

Let G(x, y) be he centroid of △P QR

Coordinates of G are ,
5+3+1 1+4+1
G(x, y) = G ( , )
3 3

= G(3, 2)

32. The centre of a circle is (a+2, a-1). Find the value of a, given that the circle
passes through the points (2, -2) and (8, -2).

Ans. :

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 OA = OB [radii of same circle]
2 2
∴ OA = OB
2 2 2 2
(a + 2 − 2) + (a − 1 + 2) = (a + 2 − 8) + (a − 1 + 2)

2 2 2 2
a + (a + 1) = (a − 6) + (a + 1)

2 2
a = a + 36 − 12a

12a = 36

a = 3

33. A(2, 5), B(-2, 4) and C(-2, 6) are the vertices of a triangle ABC. Prove that ABC is
an isosceles triangle.

Ans. :

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2
AB = √(2 + 2) + (5 − 4)
2
= √16 + 1 = √17 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−
2
BC = √(−2 + 2) + (4 − 6)
2
= √0 + 4 = 2 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2
AC = √(2 + 2) + (5 − 6)
2
= √16 + 1 = √17 units
It can be seen that AB = AC
Hence, the given coordinates are the vertices of an isosceles triangle.
34. A lies on the x - axis amd B lies on the y -axis . The midpoint of the line segment
AB is (4 , -3). Find the coordinates of A and B .

Ans. :
Coordinates of B are (14, 6)
Let (x, 0) lies on the x− axis and B(0, y) lies on y− axis, given AP : P B = 1 : 1

Coordinates of P are,
x+0 0+y
P (4, −3) = P ( , )
2 2

x 4
4 = , , −3 =
2 2

x = 8, y = −6

Co-ordinates of A are (8, 0) and B are (0, −6)

35. P , Q and R are collinear points such that PQ = QR . IF the coordinates of P , Q

and R are (-5 , x) , (y , 7) , (1 , -3) respectively, find the values of x and y.

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 Ans. :

Given P Q = P R , i.e. P Q : QR = 1 : 1

Coordinates of Q are ,
1−5 −3+x
Q(y, 7) = Q ( , )
2 2

−3+x
y = −2, 7 =
2

y = −2, 14 = −3 + x

17 = x

The value of x and y are 17 and -2 respectively.

36. A, B and C are collinear points such that AB =
1

2
AC . If the coordinates of
A, B and C are (−4, −4) (−2, b) anf (a, 2) , Find the values of a and b .

Ans. :
AB 1
=
AC 2

∴ AB : BC = 1 : 1

Coordinates of B are,
−4+a −4+2
B(−2, b) = B ( , )
2 2

−4+a
−2 = , b = −1
2

−4 = −4 + a, b = −1

The values of a and b are 0 and -1 respectively.

37. The midpoint of the line segment joining the points P (2 , m) and Q (n , 4) is R (3
, 5) . Find the values of m and n.

Ans. :
Given : P R : RQ = 1 : 1

Coordinates of R are ,
2+n m+4
R(3, 5) = R ( , )
2 2

2+n m+4
B = ,5 =
2 2

6 = 2 + n, 10 = m + 4

n = 4, m = 6

The values of m and n are 6 and 4 respectively.

38. The mid point of the line segment joining the points (p, 2) and (3, 6) is (2, q).
Find the numerical values of a and b.

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 Ans. :
AC : CB = 1 : 1

Coordinates of C are,
p+3 2+6
C(2, q) = C ( , )
2 2

p+3
2 = ,q = 4
2

4 = p + 3, q = 4

p = 1, q = 4

the values of p and q are 1 and 4 respectively.

39. The coordinates of the end points of the diameter of a circle are (3, 1) and (7,
11). Find the coordinates of the centre of the circle.

Ans. :
Let O(x, y) be the centre of the circle with diameter AB ,
∴ O is midpoint of Ab

i.e. AO : OB = 1 : 1
Coordinates of O are,
3+7 1+11
O(x, y) = O ( , ) = O(5, 6)
2 2

Thus, the coordinates of centre are (5, 6) .

Section B

* Answer The Following Questions in Brief. [36]

1. Find the distance between the following pair of point in the coordinate plane :
(5 , -2) and (1 , 5)
A(5, −2), B(1, 5)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
AB = √(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 )

Ans. : −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
= √(1 − 5) + (5 + 2)
2

−−−−−−
= √16 + 49
−−
= √65 units.

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2. Find the distance between the following pair of point in the coordinate plane.
(1 , 3) and (3 , 9)
A = (1, 3), B = (3, 9)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
AB = √(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 )

Ans. : −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
= √(3 − 1) + (9 − 3)
2

−−−−−
= √4 + 36
−− −−
= √40 units = 2√10 units.

3. Find the distance between the following pairs of point in the coordinate plane :
(7 , -7) and (2 , 5)
A(7, −7), B(2, 5)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
AB = √(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 )

Ans. : −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
= √(2 − 7) + (5 + 7)

−−−−− −−
= √25 + 144
−−−
= √169 = 13 units.

4. Find the distance between the following pairs of point in the coordinate plane :
(4 , 1) and (-4 , 5)
A = (4, 1), B = (−4, 5)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
AB = √(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 )

Ans. : −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
= √(−4 − 4) + (5 − 1)

−−−−−−
= √64 + 16
−− –
= √80 = 4√5 units.

5. Find the distance between the following pairs of point in the coordinate plane :
(13 , 7) and (4 , -5)
A = (13, 7), B = (4, −5)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
AB = √(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 )

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
Ans. : = √(4 − 13) + (−5 − 7)

−−−−− −−
= √81 + 144
−−−
= √225

= 15 units.

6. Find the distance of the following point from the origin :

(5 , 12)

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 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
P Q = √(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 )

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
= √(12 − 0) + (5 − 0)

Ans. : −−−−−− −
= √144 + 25
−−−
= √169

= 13 units.

7. Find the distance of the following point from the origin :

(6 , 8)
P = (0, 0)Q = (6, 8)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
P Q = √(6 − 0) + (8 − 0)

−−−−−−
Ans. : = √36 + 64
−−−
= √100

= 10 units

8. Find the distance of the following point from the origin :

(8 , 15)
P = (0, 0), Q = (8, 15)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
P Q = √(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 )

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
Ans. : = √(8 − 0) + (15 − 0)

−−−−− −−
= √64 + 225
−−−
= √289

= 17 units

9. Find the distance of the following point from the origin :

(0 , 11)
P (0, 0), Q(0, 11)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
P Q = √(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 )

Ans. : −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
= √(0 − 0) + (11 − 0)
2

−−−
= √121

= 11 units

10. Find the distance of the following point from the origin :
(13 , 0)

Page 16
 P (0, 0), Q(13, 0)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
P Q = √(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 )

Ans. : −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
= √(13 − 0) + (0 − 0)
2

−−−
= √169

= 13 units

11. Find the distance between the following point :

(p+q,p-q) and (p-q, p-q)
A(p + q, p − q), B(p − q, p − q)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
AB = √(p − q − p) + (p − q − p + q )
Ans. : −−− −−−
2
= √4q + 0

= 2q units

12. Find the distance between the following point :

(sin θ , cos θ) and (cos θ , - sin θ)
A(sin θ, cos θ), B(cos θ, − sin θ)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
AB = √(cos θ − sin θ) (− sin θ − cos θ)
Ans. : −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
= √cos θ + sin θ − 2 cos θ sin θ + sin θ + cos θ + 2 cos θ sin θ
–
= √2 units

13. Find the distance between the following point :

(sec θ , tan θ) and (- tan θ , sec θ)
A(sec θ, tan θ), B(− tan θ, sec θ)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
AB = √(− tan θ − sec θ) + (sec θ − tan θ)
Ans. : −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
= √tan θ + sec θ + 2 tan θ sec θ + sec θ + tan θ − 2 tan θ ⋅ sec θ
−− −−− −−−−− −−− −
2 2
= √2 sec θ + 2 tan θ units

14. Find the midpoint of the line segment joining the following pair of point :
(4,7) and (10,15)

Ans. :
Coordinates of P are
4+10 7+15
P (x, y) = P ( , )
2 2

= P (7, 11)

15. Find the midpoint of the line segment joining the following pair of point :
( -3, 5) and (9, -9)

Page 17
 Ans. :
Coordinates of R are,
−3+9 5−9
R(x, y) = R ( , )
2 2

= R(3, −2)

16. Find the midpoint of the line segment joining the following pair of point :
(a+b, b-a) and (a-b, a+b)

Ans. :
Coordinates of R are,
a+b+a−b b−a+a+b
O(x, y) = O ( , )
2 2

= O(a, b)

17. Find the midpoint of the line segment joining the following pair of point :
(3a-2b, Sa+7b) and (a+4b, a-3b)

Ans. :
Coordinates of C are,
a+4b+3a−2b a−3b+5a+7b
C(x, y) = C ( , )
2 2

= C(2a + b, 3a + 2b)

18. Find the midpoint of the line segment joining the following pair of point :
( a+3, 5b), (3a-1, 3b +4).

Ans. :
Coordinates of R are,
a+3+3a−1 5b+3b+4
R(x, y) = R ( , )
2 2

= R(2a + 1, 4b + 2)

* Questions with calculation. [4 Marks Each] [208]

19. P and Q are two points lying on the x - axis and the y-axis respectively . Find the
coordinates of P and Q if the difference between the abscissa of P and the

Page 18
 ordinates of Q is 1 and PQ is 5 units.
Ans. : P lies on x-axis and Q lies on y -axis
Let abscissa P be x then ordinate of Q is x − 1
∴ P (x, 0), Q(0, x − 1)

Given
PQ = 5 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
√(x − 0) + (0 − x + 1) = 5

squaring both sides

2 2
x +x + 1 − 2x = 25

2
2x − 2x − 24 = 0

2
x − x − 12 = 0

2
x − 4x + 3x − 12 = 0

(x − 4)(x + 3) = 0

x = +4 or − 3

Coordinates of P are (4, 0) or (−3, 0)

Coordinates of Q are (0, 3) or (0, −4)

20. Prove that the points (6 , -1) , (5 , 8) and (1 , 3) are the vertices of an isosceles
triangle.

Ans. :

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− − −
2
AB = √(6 − 5) + (−1 − 8)
2
= √1 + 81 = √82 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−− −−
2
BC = √(5 − 1) + (8 − 3)
2
= √16 + 25 = √41 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−− −−
2
AC = √(1 − 6) + (3 − 1)
2
= √25 + 16 = √41 units
∵ BC = AC

∴ A, B and C are the vertices of an isosceles triangle.

21. Prove that the points (1 ,1),(-4 , 4) and (4 , 6) are the certices of an isosceles
triangle.

Page 19
 Ans. :
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2
P Q = √(1 + 4) + (1 − 4)
2
= √25 + 9 = √34 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− − −
2
QR = √(−4 − 4) + (4 − 6)
2
= √64 + 4 √68 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2
P R = √(4 − 1) + (6 − 1)
2
= √9 + 25 = √34 units
∵ P Q = QR

∴ P, Q and R are the vertices of an isosceles triangle.

22. Prove taht the points (-2 , 1) , (-1 , 4) and (0 , 3) are the vertices of a right -
angled triangle.

Ans. :
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−− –
2 2
AB = √(−2 − 0) + (1 − 3) = √4 + 4 = √8 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−− –
2 2
BC = √(10 + 1) + (3 − 4) = √1 + 1 = √2 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−− −−
2 2
AC = √(−2 + 1) + (1 − 4) = √1 + 9 = √10 units

2 2
AB + BC = 8 + 2 = 10

2
AC = 10

2 2 2
∵ AB + BC = AC

∴ A, B and C are the verices of a right angled triangle.

– –
23. Prove that the points (1, 1), (−1, −1) and (−√3, √3) are the vertices of an
equilateral triangle.

Page 20
 Ans. :

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
– – −−−− –
2 2
P Q = √(1 + √3) + (1 − √3) = √4 + 4 √8 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
– – −−−− –
2 2
QR = √(−√3 + 1) + (√3 + 1) = √4 + 4 = √8 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−− –
2 2
P R = √(−1 + 1) + (−1 + 1) = √4 + 4 = √8 units

∵ P Q = QR = P R

∴ P QR is an equilateral triangle.
–
24. Prove that the points (0, 3), (4, 3) and (2, 3 + 2√3) are the vertices of an
equilateral triangle.

Ans. :

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
AB = √(0 − 4) + (3 − 3) = 4 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
– −−−−−
2 2
BC = √(4 − 2) + (3 − 3 − 2√3) = √4 + 12 = 4 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
– −−−−−
2 2
AC = √(2 − 0) + (3 + 2√3 − 3) = √4 + 12 = 4 units

∵ AB = BC = AC

∴ ABC is an equilateral triangle.

25. Prove that the points (0 , 0) , (3 , 2) , (7 , 7) and (4 , 5) are the vertices of a
parallelogram.

Page 21
 Ans. :

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−− −−
2
AB = √(3 − 0) + (2 − 0)
2
= √9 + 4 = √13 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−− −−
2
BC = √(3 − 7) + (2 − 7)
2
= √16 + 25 = √41 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−− −−
2
CD = √(7 − 4) + (7 − 5)
2
= √9 + 4 = √13 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−− −−
2
DA = √(4 − 0) + (5 − 0)
2
= √16 + 25 = √41 units
∵ AB = CD and BC = DA

∴ ABCD is a parallelogram.
26. Prove that the points (a , b) , (a + 3 , b + 4) , (a - 1 , b + 7) and (a - 4 , b + 3) are
the vertices of a parallelogram.

Ans. :
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−
2 2
P Q = √(a + 3 − a ) + (b + 4 − b ) = √9 + 16 = 5 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−
2 2
QR = √(a + 3 − a + 1) + (b − 4 − b − 7) = √16 + 9 = 5 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−
2 2
RS = √(a − 1 − a + 4) + (b + 7 − b − 3) = √9 + 16 = 5 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−
2 2
SP = QR = √(a − 4 − a ) + (b + 3 − b ) = √16 + 9 = 5 units

Since the opposite sides of quadrilateral PQRS are equal ,therefore it is a

parallelogram.
27. Prove that the points (0 , -4) , (6 , 2) , (3 , 5) and (-3 , -1) are the vertices of a
rectangle.

Page 22
 Ans. :
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− –
2
AB = √(6 − 0) + (2 + 4)
2
= 6√2 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− –
2
BC = √(6 − 3) + (2 − 5)
2
= 3√2 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− –
2
CD = √(3 + 3) + (5 + 1)
2
= 6√2 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− –
DA 2
= √(−3 − 0) + (−1 + 4)
2
= 3√2 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−
2
AC = √(3 − 0) + (5 + 4)
2
= 3√10 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−
2
BD = √(6 + 3) + (2 + 1)
2
= 3√10 units
∵ AB = CD and BC = DA ,
Also AC = BD

∴ ABCD is a rectangle.
28. Find the relation between a and b if the point P(a ,b) is equidistant from A (6,-1)
and B (5 , 8).

Ans. :
Given , PA = PB
∴ PA2 = PB2
⇒ (a - 6)2 + (b + 1)2 = (a - 5)2 + (b - 8)2
⇒ a2 + 36 - 12a + b2 + 1 + 2b = a2 + 25 - 10 a + b2 + 64 - 16 b
⇒ -2a + 18b - 52 = 0
⇒ -a + 9b - 26 = 0
⇒ a = 9b - 26
29. In what ratio is the line joining (2, -4) and (-3, 6) divided by the line y = O ?

Ans. :
Let P (x, O) be tne point on line y = 0 i.e. x-axis which divides the line segment

Page 23
 AB in the ratio k : 1 .
Coordinates of P are
3k+2 6k−4
x = ,0 =
k+1 k+1

⇒ 6k = 4

2
⇒ k =
3

Hence tne required ratio is 2 : 3 .

30. Find the ratio in which the line x = O divides the join of ( -4, 7) and (3, 0).
Also, find the coordinates of the point of intersection.

Ans. :
Let S(0, y) be the point on line x = 0 i.e. y -axis which divides the line segment
PQ in the ratio k : 1 .
Coordinates of S are,
3k−4 0+7
0 = Y =
k+1 k+1

⇒ 3k = 4
4
k = … (1)
3
7
Y = … (f rom(1))
4
+1
3

Y = 3

Hence, the required ratio is 4 : 3 and the required point is S(O, 3) .

31. In what ratio does the point (1, a) divided the join of (-1, 4) and ( 4, -1)? Also,
find the value of a.

Ans. :
Let the point P (1, a) divides the line segment AB in the ratio k : 1 .
Coordinates of P are,
4k−1
1 =
k+1

⇒ k + 1 = 4k − 1

⇒ 2 = 3k

2
⇒ k = … … (1)
3

−k+4
⇒ a =
k+1

2
− +4
3
⇒ a = 2
…( from (1))
+1
3

10
⇒ a = = 2
5

Hence, the required ratio is 2 : 3 and the value of a is 2 .

Page 24
32. Find the ratio in which the line x = -2 divides the line segment joining (-6, -1) and
(1, 6). Find the coordinates of the point of intersection.

Ans. :
Let P (−2, y) be the pcint on line x which divides the line segment AB the ratio
k : 1.

Coordinates of P are
k−6
−2 =
k+1

⇒ −2k − 2 = k − 6

⇒ −3k = −4

4
⇒ k = … . . (1)
3

4
⇒ k =
3

6k−1
y =
k+1

4
69( )−1
3

⇒ y = … (f rom(1))
4
+1
3

24−3
⇒ y =
7

⇒ y = 3

Hence, the required ratio is 4 : 3 and the point of intersection is (−2, 3) .

33. Find the ratio in which the line y = -1 divides the line segment joining (6, 5) and
(-2, -11). Find the coordinates of the point of intersection.

Ans. :
Let R(x, −1) be the point on the line y = −1 which divides the line segment PQ
in the ratio k : 1 .
Coordinates of R are,
2k+6 −11k+5
x = , −1 =
k+1 k+1

3
−2( )+6
5

x = 3
, ⇒ −k − 1 = −11k + 5
+1
5

−6+30
⇒ x = ⇒ 10k = 6
8

x = 3 ⇒ k = 3/5 … . (1)

Hence, the required ratio is 3 : 5 and the point of inter sec tion is (3, −1) .
34. The line joining P (-5, 6) and Q (3, 2) intersects the y-axis at R. PM and QN are
perpendiculars from P and Q on the x-axis. Find the ratio PR: RQ.

Page 25
 Ans. :
R(O, y) is the point on the y -axis that divides PQ.
Let the ratio in which PQ is divided by R be m:n.
Now, R(0, y)t (x1, y1) = (−5, 6) and (x2, y2) = (3, 2) and the ratio is m : n .
mx2 +nx1
0 =
m+n

3m−5n
⇒ 0 =
m+n

⇒ 0 = 3m = 5n

⇒ 3m = 5n

m 5
⇒ =
n 3

⇒ m : n = 5 : 3

⇒ P R : RQ = 5 : 3

35. A (30, 20) and B ( 6, -4) are two fixed points. Find the coordinates of a point Pin
AB such that 2PB = AP. Also, find the coordinates of some other point Qin AB
such that AB = 6 AQ.

Ans. :

2P B = AP

AP 2
⇒ =
PB 1

⇒ Coordinates of P are

2×6+1×30 2×−4+1×20
P (x, y) = P ( , )
2+1 2+1

= P (14, 4)

AB : AQ = 6 : 1

AQ : QB = 1 : 5

Page 26
 Coordinates of Q are
1×6+5×30 1×−4+5×20
Q(a, b) = Q ( , ) = Q(26, 16)
1+5 2+1

36. Find the coordinates of the points of trisection of the line segment joining the
points (3, -3) and ( 6, 9).

Ans. :
Let A(x, y) and B(a, b) be the points of trisection of line segment MN MA:AN=1:2
∴ cocrdinates of A are,
1×6+2×3
x = = 4
1+2

1×9+2×−3
y = = 1
1+2

A(4, 1)

Also, M B : BN = 2 : 1

coordinates of B are,
2×6+1×3
a = = 5
2+1

2×9+1×−3
b = = 5
21

B(5, 5)

points of trisection are (4, 1) and (5, 5) .

37. The points A, B and C divides the line segment MN in four equal parts. The
coordinates of Mand N are (-1, 10) and (7, -2) respectively. Find the coordinates
of A, B and C.

Ans. :
Given, A(x, y), B(a, b) and C(p, q) divides the line segment MN ir four equal
parts. B in the mid point of MN . i.e. M B : BN = 1 : 1 Coordinates of B are,
7−1 −2+10
B(a, b) = B ( , ) = B(3, 4)
2 2

A is the mid point of MB i.e. M A : AB = 1 : 1

coordinates of A are.
3−1 4+10
A(x, y) = A ( , ) = A(1, 7)
2 2

C is the mid point of BN i.e BC : CN = 1 : 1

3+7 4−2
C(p, q) = C ( , ) = C(5, 1)
2 2

Hence, the coordinates of A, B and C are (1, 7), (3, 4) and (5, 1) respectively
38. A( 4, 2), B(-2, -6) and C(l, 1) are the vertices of triangle ABC. Find its centroid and
the length of the median through C.

Page 27
 Ans. :

Let G(a, b) be at centroid of △ABC ,

Coordinates of G are ,
4−2+1 2−6+1
G(a, b) = G = ( , ) = G(1, −1)
3 3

Let CE be the median through C

∴ AE : EB = 1 : 1

Coordinates of E are
4−2 2−6
E(x, y) = E ( , ) = E(1, −2)
2 2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
Length of median 2
CE = √(1 − 1) + (2 − 1)
2

–
= √9

= 3 units

39. The coordinates of the centroid I of triangle PQR are (2, 5). If Q = (-6, 5) and R =
(7, 8). Calculate the coordinates of vertex P.

Ans. :
Let G be the centroid of △P QR whose coordinates are (2, 5) and let (x, y) be
the coordinates of vertex P .
Coordinates of G are,
x−6+7 y+5+8
G(2, 5) = G ( , )
3 3

x+1 y+13
2 = ,5 =
3 3

6 = x + 1, 15 = y + 13

x = 5, y = 2

coordinates of vertex P are (5, 2)

Page 28
40. Two vertices of a triangle are ( -1, 4) and (5, 2). If the centroid is (0, 3), find the
third vertex.

Ans. :
Let G be the centroid of △ABC whose coordinaes are (0, −3) and let C(x, y)

be the coordinates of thgird vertex

coordinates of G are ,
−1+5+x 4+2+y
G(0, −3) = G ( , )
3 3

4+x 6+4
O = , −3 =
3 3

x = −4, y = −15

Coordinates of third vertex are (−4, −15)

41. The midpoints of three sides of a triangle are (1, 2), (2, -3) and (3, 4). Find the
centroid of the triangle.

Ans. :

Let ABC be a triangle

The midpoint of whose sides AC, AB and BC are D, E and F respectively.
We know that the centroid of △DEF . Let G(x, y) be the centroid of △ABC and
△DEF

Coordinates of centroid G are ,

1+3+2 2+4−3
G(x, y) = G ( , )
3 3

= G(2, 1)

Page 29
42. AB is a diameter of a circle with centre 0. If the ooordinates of A and 0 are ( 1, 4)
and (3, 6 ). Find the ooordinates of B and the length of the diameter.

Ans. :
O is the centre of the circle with diameter AB .
∴ AO : OB = 1 : 1

Coordinnates of O are,
1+x 4+y
O(3, 6) = O ( , )
2 2

1+x 4+y
3 = ,6 =
2 2

6 = 1 + x, 12 = 4 + y

x = 5, y = 8

Coordinates of B are
(5, 8)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
Length of AB = √(5 − 1) + (8 − 4)

−−−−−− –
= √16 + 16 = 4√2 units

43. If (-3, 2), (1, -2) and (5, 6) are the midpoints of the sides of a triangle, find the
coordinates of the vertices of the triangle.

Ans. :

let A (x1 , y1 ) , B (x2 , y2 ) and O (x3 , y3 ) be the coordinates of the vertices of

△ABC .
D is the midpoint of AB <

x1 +x2 y1 +y2
D(−3, 2) = D ( , )
2 2

x1 +x2 y +y
1 2
= −3,
2 2

Page 30
 x1 + x2 = −6 … (1)

Y1 + Y2 = 4 … (2)

Similarly
x2 + x3 = 2 … (3)

Y 2 + Y 3 = −4 … (4)

x1 + x3 = 10 … (5)

Y1 + Y3 = 12 … (6)

Adding (1), (3) and (5)

2 (x1 + x2 + xt ) = 6

x1 + x2 + x3 = 3

−6 + x3 = 3

x3 = 9

From (3)
x2 + 9 = 2

x2 = 9

From (3)
x2 + 9 = 2

x2 = −7

From (5)
x1 + 9 = 10

x1 = 1

Adding (2), ( 4) and (6)

2 (y1 + Y2 + y3 ) = 12

y1 + Y2 + Y3 = 6

4 + y3 = 6

Y3 = 2

from(4)
y2 + 2 = −4

Y2 = −6

from(6)
Y1 + 2 = 12

Y1 = 10

The coordinates of the vertices of △ABC are (9, 2), (1, 10) and (−7, −6) .
44. If the midpoints of the sides ofa triangle are (-2, 3), (4, -3), (4, 5), find its
vertices.

Page 31
 Ans. :

Let P (x1 , y1 ) , Q (x2 , y2 ) and R (x3 , y3 ) be the coordinates of the vertices of .

△P QR

Midpoint of PQ is D
x1 +x2 y1 +y2
D(−2, 3) = D ( , )
2 2

x1 +x2 y +y
1 2
= −2, = 3
2 2

X1 + X2 = −4 … . . (1), Y1 + y2 = 6 … (2)

similarly,
x2 + x3 = 8 … … (3), y2 + y3 = −6 … (4)

x1 + x3 = 8 … . (5), y1 + y3 = 10 … (6)

Adding (1), (3) and (5)

2 (x1 + x2 + x3 ) = 12

x1 + x2 + x3 = 6

−4 + x3 = 6

x3 = 10

Adding (2), (4) and (6)

2 (Y1 + Y2 + Y3 ) = 10

1 + Y2 + Y3 = 5

6 + Y3 = 5

Y3 = −1

45. The points (2, -1), (-1, 4) and (-2, 2) are midpoints of the sides ofa triangle. Find
its vertices.

Page 32
Ans. :

Let A (x1 , y1 ) , B (x2 , y2 ) and C (x3 , y3 ) be the coordinates of the vertices of

△ABC .
Midpoint of AB , i.e. D
x1 +x2 y +y
1 2
D(2, 1) = D ( , )
2 2

x1 +x2 y1 +y2
2 = , = −1
2 2

x1 + x2 = 4 … (1)

Y1 + Y2 = −2 … (2)

Similarly,
x1 + x3 = −2 … (3)

y1 + y3 = 8 … (4)

x2 + x3 = −4 … (5)

Y2 + Y3 = 4 … (6)

Adding (1), (3) and (5)

2 (x1 + x2 + x3 ) = −2

x1 + x2 + x3 = −1

4 + x3 = −1 … ( from (1))

x3 = −5

From (3)
x1 − 5 = −2

x1 = 3

From (5)
x2 = −5 = −4

x2 = 1

Adding (2),(4) and (6)

2 (Y1 + Y2 + Y3 ) = 10

Y1 + Y2 + Y3 = 5

−2 + Y3 = 5 [from(2)]

y3 = 7

Page 33
 From (4)
y1 + 7 = 8

y1 = 1

From (6)
y2 + 7 = 4

y2 = −3

The coordinates of the vertices of A.ABC are (3, 1), (1, −3) and (−5, 7)

46. Let A(−a, 0), B(0, a) and C(α, β) be the vertices of the L1ABC and G be
its centroid. Prove that GA
2
+ GB
2
+ GC
2
=
1
(AB
2
+ BC
2 2
+ CA )
3

Ans. :

Coordinates of G are,
−a+0+a 0+a+b a+b
G(x, y) = G ( , ) = G (0, )
3 3 3

2
2 2 a+b
GA = (0 + a ) +( − 0)
3

2 2 2 2 2
2 9a +a +b +2ab 10a +b +2ab
GA = =
9 9

2
2 2 a+b
GB = (0 − 0) +( − a)
3

2 2 2
2 b−2a b +4a −4ab
GB = ( ) =
3 9

2
2 2 a+b
GC = (0 − a ) +( − b)
3

2 2 2 2
2 2 a−2b 9a +a +4b −4ab
GC = a +( ) =
3 9

2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 10a +b +2ab+b +4a −4ab+10a +4b −4ab
GA + GB + GC =
9

2 2
24a +6b −6ab
=
9

Page 34
 2 2 2 1 2 2
GA + GB + GC = (8a + 2b − 2ab) … (1)
3

2 2 2 2
AB = (−a − 0) + (0 − a ) = 2a

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
BC = (0 − a ) + (a − b ) = a +a +b − 2ab = 2a +b − 2ab

2 2 2 2 2
AC = (−a − a ) + (0 − b ) = 4a +b

from (1) and (2)

2 2 2 1 2 2 2
GA + GB + GC = (AB +B + CA )
3

47. Prove that the points A(-5, 4), B(-1, -2) and C(S, 2) are the vertices of an isosceles
right-angled triangle. Find the coordinates of D so that ABCD is a square.

Ans. :
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−− −−
2 2
AB = √(−1 + 5) (−2 − 4) = √16 + 36 = √52 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−− −−
2 2
BC = √(−1 − 5) + (−2 − 2) = √36 + 36 = √52 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−− −−−

2 2
AC = √(5 + 5) + (2 − 4) = √100 + 4 = √104 units

2 2
AB + BC = 52 + 52 = 104

2
AC = 104

2 2 2
∵ AB = AC and AB + BC = AC

∴ ABC is an isosceles right angled triangle.

Let the coordinates of D be (x, y)

If ABCD is a square,
Midpoint of AC = mid point of BD

−5+5 4+2 x−1 y−2

O( , ) = O( , )
2 2 2 2

x−1 y−2
O = ,3 =
2 2

x = 1, y = 8

Coordinates of D are (1, 8)

48. ABC is a triangle whose vertices are A(-4, 2), B(O, 2) and C(-2, -4). D. E and Fare
the midpoint of the sides BC, CA and AB respectively. Prove that the centroid of
the Δ ABC coincides with the centroid of the Δ DEF.

Page 35
 Ans. :

Let D, E and F be the midpoints of the sides AB, AC and BC of △ABC

respectively.
∴ AD : DB = BF : F C = AE : EC = 1 : 1

Coordinates of D are,
0−4 2+2
D(x, y) = D ( , ) = D(−2, 2)
2 3

Similarly ,
−4−2 2−4
E(a, b) = E ( , ) = E(−3, −1)
2 2

and,
0−2 2−4
F (p, q) = F ( , ) = F (−1, −1)
2 2

Coordinates of centroid of △ABC are,

−4−2+0 2−4+2
= ( , ) = (−2, 0)
3 3

Coordinates of centroid of △DEF are ,

−2−3−1 2−1−1
= ( , ) = (−2, 0)
3 3

Thud the centroid of △DEF coincides with centroid of △DEF .

49. (4, 2) and (-1, 5) are the adjacent vertices ofa parallelogram. (-3, 2) are the
coordinates of the points of intersection of its diagonals. Find the coordinates of
the other two vertices.

Ans. :

Let the coordinates of C and D be (x, y) and (a, b) respectively.

Midpoint of AC is O coordinates of O are ,

Page 36
 4+x 2+y
O(−3, 2) = O ( , )
2 2

4+x 2+y
−3 = ,2 =
2 2

−6 = 4 + x, 4 = 2 + y

x = −10, y = 2

C(−10, 2)

Similarly, coordinates of midpoint of DB, i.e. O are,

a−1 b+5
O(−3, 2) = O ( , )
2 2

a−1 b+5
−3 = ,2 =
2 2

−6 = a − 1, 4 = b + 5

a = −5, b = −1

D(−5, −1)

Thus, the coordinates of each other two vertices are (−10, 2) and (−5 − 1)

50. Find the ratio in which the point P (2, 4) divides the line joining points (-3, 1) and
(7, 6).

Ans. :
Let the point P divides AB in the ratio k : 1 .
Coordinates of P are
7k−3
x =
k+1

6k+1
y =
k+1

But given, P (x, y) = P (2, 4)

7k−3
∴ 2 =
k+1

⇒ 2k + 2 = 7k − 3

⇒ 5 = 5k

⇒ k = 1

k : 1 = 1 : 1

or
6k+1
4 =
k+1

4k + 4 = 6k + 1

⇒ 3 = 2k
3
⇒ k =
2

k : 1 = 3 : 2

51. Show that the lines x = O and y = O trisect the line segment formed by joining
the points (-10, -4) and (5, 8). Find the points of trisection.

Page 37
 Ans. :

Let P (x, 0) lies on the line y = 0 i.e. x-axis and divides the line segment AB in
the ratio
Coordinates of P are,
5k−10 8k−4
P (x, 0) = P ( , )
k+1 k+1

8k−4 5k−10
⇒ 0 = , = x
k+1 k+1

1
5( )−10
2

⇒ 8k = 4, = x … … . . . from (1)
1
+x
2

1
⇒ k = … … . . (1), x = −5
2

Hence P (−5, 0) divides AB in the ratio 1: 2 .

Let Q(0, y) lies on the line x = 0 i.e. y - axis and
divides the line segment AB in the ratio k1 : 1 .
Coordinates of Q are
5k1 −10 8k1 −4
Q(0, y) = Q ( , )
k1 +1 k1 +1

5k1 −10 8k1 −4

0 = ,y =
k1 +1 k1 +1

8(2)−4
⇒ 5k1 = 10, y = … . . . from (2)
2+1

⇒ k1 = 2 … . (2) y = 4

Hence, Q(O, 4) divides in the ratio 2 : 1.

Hence proved Paid Qare the points of trisection of AB.
52. Show that the line segment joining the points (-3, 10) and (6, -5) is trisected by
the coordinates axis.

Ans. :

Let the coordinates of two points x -axis and y -axis be P (x, O) and G(0, y)

respectively.
Let P divides AB in the ratio k : 1 .
Coordinates of P are
6k−3 −5k+10
P (x, 0) = P ( , )
k+1 k+1

−5k+10
⇒ 0 =
k+1

⇒ 5k = 10

⇒ k = 2

Page 38
 Hence P divides AB in the ratio 2: 1 .
Let Q divides AB in the ratio k1 : 1 .
Coordinates of Q are,
6k1 −3 −5k+10
Q(0, y) = Q ( , )
k+1 k+1

6k1 −3
⇒ 0 =
k+1

⇒ 6k1 = 3

1
⇒ k1 =
2

Hence Q divides AB in the ratio 1:2

Hence proved, P and Q are the points of trisection.
53. A (2, 5), B (-1, 2) and C (5, 8) are the vertices of triangle ABC. Point P and Q lie on
AB and AC respectively, such that AP: PB = AQ: QC = 1: 2. Calculate the
coordinates of P and Q. Also, show that 3PQ = BC.

Ans. :
AP : P B = 1 : 2

Coordinates of P are,
−1+4 10+2
P (x, y) = P ( , ) = P (1, 4)
2+1 2+1

AQ : QC = 1 : 2

Coordinates of Q are,
4+5 10+8
Q(a, b) = Q ( , ) = Q(3, 6)
2+1 2+1

Coordinates of P and Q are

(1, 4) (3, 6) and
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−− –
2 2
P Q = √(3 − 1) + (6 − 4) = √4 + 4 = 2√2 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−− –
2 2
BC = √(5 + 1) + (8 − 2) = √36 + 36 = 6√2 units

Hence proved, 3P Q = BC

54. Find the points of trisection of the segment joining A ( -3, 7) and B (3, -2).

Ans. :
Let P (x, y) and Q(a, b) be the pcint of trisection of the line segment AB .
AP : P B = 1 : 2

Coordinates of P are

Page 39
 1×3+2×−3
x = = −1
1+2

1×−2+2×7
y = = 4
1+2

P (−1, 4)

AQ : QB = 2 : 1

coordinates of Q are,
2×3=1×−3
a = = 1
2+1

2×−2+1×7
b = = 1
2+1

Q(1, 1)

∴ The points of trisection ae (−1, 4) and (1, 1) .

55. The origin o (0, O), P (-6, 9) and Q (12, -3) are vertices of triangle OPQ. Point M
divides OP in the ratio 1: 2 and point N divides OQ in the ratio 1: 2. Find the
coordinates of points M and N. Also, show that 3MN = PQ.

Ans. :
It is given that M divides OP in the ratio 1 : 2 and point N divides OQ in the
ratio 1 : 2 .
Using section formula, the coordinates of M are
−6+0 9+0
( , ) = (−2, 3)
3 3

Using section formula, the coordinates of N are

12+0 −3+0
( , ) = (4, −1)
3 3

Thus, the ooordinates of M and N are (−2, 3) and (4, −1) respectively.
Now, using distance formula, we have:
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−− −− −−−
2 2
P Q = √(−6 − 12) + (9 + 3) = √324 + 144 = √468

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−− −−
2 2
M N = √(4 + 2) + (−1 − 3) = √36 + 36 = √52

It can be observed that :

−−− −−−−− −−
P Q = √468 = √9 × 52 = 3√52 = 3M N

Hence proved.
56. Find the coordinate of O , the centre of a circle passing through
– –
P (3, 0), Q(2, √5) and R(−2√2 , −1) . Also find its radius.

Page 40
 Ans. :

Let O(x, y) be the centre of the circle

OP = OQ (radii of same circle)

2 2
⇒ OP = OQ

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− 2 –
2 2 2 2
(√(x − 3) + (y − 0) ) = (√(x − 2) + (y − √5) )

2 2 2 2
−−
⇒ x + 9 − 6x + y = x + 4 − 4x + y + 5 − 2√5y

–
⇒ −2x + 2√5y = 0
–
⇒ −x + √5y = 0 … (1)

Similarly,OQ = OR
2 2
⇒ OQ = OR

2
– 2 – 2 2
⇒ (x − 2) + (y − √5) = (x + 2√2) + (y + 1)

2 2
– 2
– 2
⇒ x + 4 − 4x + y + 5 − 2√5y = x + 8 + 4√2 + y + 1 + 2y
– –
⇒ −4x − 4√2x − 2√5y = 0
– –
⇒ −2x − 2√2x − √5y − y = 0 … . . . (2)
–
Putting
x = √5y from (1) and (2)
– −− –
−2√5y − 2√10 y − √5y − y = 0
– −−
(−3√5 − 2√10 − 1)y = 0

y = 0

from (1)
–
x = √5(0) = 0

⇒ x = 0

Thus, coordinates of O (0, 0)are .

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− –
Radius 2
= √(0 − 3) + (0 − 0)
2
= √9 = 3 units
57. Find the coordinate of O , the centre of a circle passing through A (8 , 12) , B (11
, 3), and C (0 , 14). Also , find its radius.
 Ans. :

Let O(x, y) be the centre of the circle.

OA = OB (radii of the same circle)

2 2
⇒ OA = OB

2 2 2 2
(x − 8) + (y − 12) = (x − 11) + (y − 3)

2 2 2 2
⇒ x + 64 − 16x + y + 144 − 24y = x + 121 − 22x + y + 9 − 6y

⇒ 6x − 18y + 78 = 0

⇒ x − 3y + 13 = 0

similarly, OB = OC

2 2
∴ OB = OC
2 2 2 2
(x − 11) + (y − 3) = (x − 0) + (y − 14)

2 2 2 2
⇒ x + 121 − 22x + y + 9 − 6y = x +y + 196 − 28y

⇒ −22x + 22y − 66 = 0

⇒ −x + y − 3 = 0 … (2)

x − 3y + 13 = 0 … (1)

solving (1) \& (2) we get,

−2y + 10 = 0

⇒ y = 5

from (1)
x − 15 + 13 = 0

⇒ x = 2

Thus, coordinates of O (2, 5) are

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−− −−
Radius 2
= √(2 − 8) + (5 − 12)
2
= √36 + 49 = √85 units
58. Find the point on the x-axis equidistant from the points (5,4) and (-2,3).
 Ans. : Let the point on x-axis be P (x,0)

Given ,
PA = PB
PA2 = PB2
(x - 5)2 + (0 - 4)2 = (x + 2)2 + (0 - 3)2
x2 + 25 - 10x + 16 = x2 + 4 + 4x + 9
⇒ - 14 x + 28 = 0
⇒ 14 x = 28
⇒x=2
∴ The point on x-axis is (2 , 0)
59. ABC is an equilateral triangle . If the coordinates of A and B are (1 , 1) and (- 1 ,
-1) , find the coordinates of C.

Ans. :

ABC is an equilateral triangle.

 ∴ AC = BC and AB = BC

2 2 2 2
⇒ AC = BC and AB = BC

2 2 2 2
(x − 1) + (y − 1) = (x + 1) + (y + 1)

2 2 2 2
⇒ x + 1 − 2x + y + 1 − 2y = x + 1 + 2x + y + 1 + 2y

⇒ −4x − 4y = 0

⇒ −4x = 4y

⇒ x = −y … (1)

2 2 2 2
(1 + 1) + (1 + 1) = (x + 1) + (y + 1)

2 2
⇒ 8 = x + 1 + 2x + y + 1 + 2y

2 2
⇒ 8 = y + 1 + 2x + y + 1 + 2y

2
⇒ 2y −6 = 0

2
⇒ y = 3
–
⇒ y = ±√3

From (1)
–
∴ x = ±√3

60. PQR is an isosceles triangle . If two of its vertices are P (2 , 0) and Q (2 , 5) , find
the coordinates of R if the length of each of the two equal sides is 3.

Ans. :

PQ = c

∴ P R = QR = 3 units

Let the coordinates of

R be on,
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
P R = √(x − 2) + (y − 0)

−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
⇒ 3 = √x + 4 − 4x + y

squaring both sides ,

2 2
⇒ 9 = x − 4x + y +4

2 2
⇒ x − 4x + y −5 = 0

2 2
⇒ x +y − 4x = 5 … (1)
 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
QR = √(x − 2) + (y − 5)

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
⇒ 3 = √x + 4 − 4x + y + 25 − 10y

2 2
⇒ 9 = x +y − 4x − 10y + 29

2 2
⇒ 0 = x +y − 4x − 10y + 29

From (1) 0 = 5 − 10y + 20

10y = 25

5
y =
2

2 25
⇒ x + − 4x − 5 = 0
4

2
⇒ 4x + 25 − 16x − 20 = 0

2
⇒ 4x − 16x + 5 = 0

2
D = (−16) − 4(4)(5)

= 256 − 80

= 176
− −−− −−
√d = √176 = 4√11

16±4√11
x =
2×4

4±4√11
=
2

√11 √11
= 2 + ,2 −
2 2
√11 √11
The coordinates of are or
5 5
R (2 − , ) (2 + , )
2 2 2 2

61. ABCD is a square . If the coordinates of A and C are (5 , 4) and (-1 , 6) ; find the
coordinates of B and D.

Ans. :

Given ABCD is a square.

∴ AB = BC (all sides of a square are equal)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
√(x − 5) + (y − 4) = √(x + 1) + (y − 6)

squaring both sides,

 2 2 2 2
x + 25 − 10x + y + 16 − 8y = x + 1 + 2x + y + 36 − 12y

⇒ −12x + 4y + 4 = 0

⇒ −3x + y + 1 = 0

y = 3x − 1 … (1)

Also, each angle in a square measures 90

∘

By pythogoras theorem,
2 2 2
AB + BC = AC
2 2 2 2
⇒ (5 − x) + (4 − y ) + (x + 1) + (y − 6) = 36 + 4

2 2 2 2
⇒ 25 + x − 10x + 16 + y − 8y + x + 1 + 2x + y + 36 − 12y

2 2
⇒ 2x + 2y − 8x − 20y + 38 = 0

2 2
⇒ x +y − 4x − 10y + 19 = 0

2 2
⇒ x + (3x − 1) − 4x − 10(3x − 1) + 19 = 0

2 2
⇒ x + 9x + 1 − 6x − 4x − 30x + 10 10 = 0

2
⇒ 10x − 40x + 30 = 0

2
⇒ x − 4x + 3 = 0

2
⇒ x − 3x − x + 3 = 0

⇒ x(x − 3) − 1(x − 3) = 0

⇒ (x − 1)(x − 3) = 0

x = 1, 3

When,
x = 1, y = 3(1) − 1 = 2 (1, 2)

x = 3, y = 3(3) − 1 = 8 (3, 8)

Thus, coordinates of B and D are (1, 2) and (3, 8)

62. Prove that the points (0 , 2) , (1 , 1) , (4 , 4) and (3 , 5) are the vertices of a

rectangle.

Ans. :
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− –
2
AB = √(0 − 1) + (2 − 1)
2
= √2 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− –
2
BC = √(1 − 4) + (1 − 4)
2
= 3√2 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− –
2
CD = √(4 − 3) + (4 − 5)
2
= √2 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− –
2
DA = √(3 − 0) + (5 − 2)
2
= 3√2 units
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −− –
2
AC = √(4 − 0) + (4 − 2)
2
= √20 = 2√5 units
 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −− –
2
BC = √(3 − 1) + (5 − 1)
2
= √20 = 2√5 units
∵ AB = CD and BC = DA

Also, AC = BD

∴ ABCD is a rectangle.
63. Prove that the points (4 , 6) , (- 1 , 5) , (- 2, 0) and (3 , 1) are the vertices of a
rhombus.

Ans. :
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
AB = √(4 + 1) + (6 − 5) = √25 + 1 = √26 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
BC = √(−1 + 2) + (5 − 0) = √1 + 25 = √26 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
CD = √(−2 − 3) + (0 − 1) = √25 + 1 = √26 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
DA = √(3 − 4) + (1 − 6) = √1 + 25 = √26 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−− –
2 2
AC = √(4 + 2) + (6 − 0) = √36 + 36 = 36√2 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−− –
2 2
BD = √(−1 − 3) + (5 − 1) = √36 + 36 = 16√2 units

∵ AB = BC = CD = DA and AC ≠ BD

∴ ABCD is a rhombus.
64. Prove that the points (5 , 3) , (1 , 2), (2 , -2) and (6 ,-1) are the vertices of a
square.

Ans. :
 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
AB = √(5 − 1) + (3 − 2) = √16 + 1 = √17 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
BC = √(1 − 2) + (2 + 2) = √1 + 16 = √17 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
CD = √(6 − 2) + (−1 + 2) = √16 + 1 = √17 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
DA = √(6 − 5) + (−1 − 3) = √1 + 16 = √17 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
AC = √(5 − 2) + (3 + 2) = √9 + 25 = √34 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −−
2 2
BD = √(6 − 1) + (−1 − 2) = √25 + 9 = √34 units

∵ AB = BC = CD = DA and AC = BD

∴ ABCD is a square.
65. Find the relation between x and y if the point M (x,y) is equidistant from R (0,9)
and T (14 , 11).

Ans. :

Given : M R = M T
2 2
∴ MR = MT
2 2 2 2
(x − 0) + (y − 9) = (x − 14) + (y − 11)

2 2 2 2
x +y + 81 − 18y = x + 196 − 28x + y + 121 − 22y

81 − 18y = 196 − 28x + 121 − 22y

28x − 18y + 22y = 196 + 121 − 81

28x + 4y = 236

7x + y − 58 = 0

66. Prove that the points (7 , 10) , (-2 , 5) and (3 , -4) are vertices of an isosceles
right angled triangle.
 Ans. :
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−− −−−
2 2
AB = √(7 + 2) + (10 − 5) = √81 + 25 = √106 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−− −−−

2 2
BC = √(−2 − 3) + (5 + 4) = √25 + 81 = √106 units

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−− −− −−−

2 2
AC = √(7 − 3) + (10 + 4) = √16 + 196 = √212 units

∵ AB = BC

∴ ABC is an isosceleles triangle

2 2
AB + BC = 100 + 106 = 212

2
AC = 212

2 2 2
∵ AB + BC = AC

∴ ABC is also a right angled triangle.

67. x (1,2),Y (3, -4) and z (5,-6) are the vertices of a triangle . Find the circumcentre
and the circumradius of the triangle.

Ans. :
Circumcentre of △XY Z will pass through the vertices X, Y and Z

OX = OY (radi of same circle),

2 2
⇒ OX = OY

2 2 2 2
(a − 1) + (b − 2) = (a − 3) + (b + 4)

⇒ 1 − 2a + 4 − 4b = 9 − 6a + 16 + 8b

⇒ 4a − 12b = 20

⇒ a − 3b = 5 … (1)

OY = OZ (radii of same circle)

2 2
OY = OZ
 2 2 2 2
(a − 3) + (b + 4) = (a − 5) + (b + 6)

⇒ 9 − 6a + 16 + 8b = 25 − 10a + 36 + 12b

⇒ 4a − 4b = 36

⇒ a −b = 9 … … . . (2)

a − 3b = 5 … (1)

a −b = 9
−−−−−−−−
−2b = −4

b = 2

a = 11

Circumcentre of △XY Z is
O(11, 2)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−
Circumradius 2
= √(11 − 1) + (2 − 2)
2
= √100 = 10 units
68. P(5 , -8) , Q (2 , -9) and R(2 , 1) are the vertices of a triangle. Find tyhe
circumcentre and the circumradius of the triangle.

Ans. :
Circumcircle of △P QR will pass through its vertices P, Q and R .
OP = OQ

2 2
⇒ OP = OQ

2 2 2 2
(x − 5) + (y + 8) = (x − 2) + (y + 9)

⇒ 25 − 10x + 64 + 16y = 4 − 4x + 81 + 18y

C − 6x − 2y + 4 = 0

OQ = OR … (radii of square circle)

2 2
OQ = OR
2 2 2 2
(x − 2) + (y + 9) = (x − 2) + (y − 1)

⇒ 81 + 18y = 1 − 2y

⇒ 20y = −80

y = −4 … … . (2)

−6x + 8 + 4 = 0 … . . [ from (2)]

⇒ −6x = −12

⇒ x = 2

Circumcentre of △P QR is O(2, −4)

 −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
Circumcentre = √(2 − 5) + (−4 + 8)

−−−−− −−
= √9 + 16 = √25 = 5 units

69. A(-2, -3), B(-1, 0) and C(7, -6) are the vertices of a triangle. Find the circumcentre
and the circumradius of the triangle.

Ans. :
Circumcircle of MBCwill pass through the vertices A, B and C. AB = OB (radii of
same circle)
2 2
⇒ OA = OB

2 2 2 2
(x + 2) + (y + 3) = (x + 1) +Y

⇒ 4x + 4 + 9 + 6y = 2x + 1

⇒ 2x + 6y = −12 … . . (1)

OB = OC (radii of same circle)

2 2
⇒ OB = OC
2 2 2 2
(x + 1) +y = (x − 7) + (Y + 6)

⇒ 2x + 1 = 49 − 144x + 36 + 12

⇒ 16x − 12 = 8y

⇒ 4x − 3y = 21 … (2)

On solving (1) and (2)

4x + 12y = −24

4x − 3y = 21

− + −
−−−−−−−−−
15y = −45

y = −3

from (1)

2x + 6(−3) = −12

⇒ 2x = 6

⇒ x = 3

Circumcentre of △ABC is
(3, −3) and
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−
Circumradius 2
= √(3 + 2) + (−3 + 3)
2
= √25 = 5 units
70. Find the coordinates of O, the centre passing through A( -2, -3), B(-1, 0) and C(7,
6). Also, find its radius.
Ans. :
let o (x, y) be the centre of the circle.
OA = OB (radii of square circle)

2 2
⇒ OA = OB

2 2 2 2
(x + 2) + (y + 3) = (x + 1) + (y − 0)

2 2 2 2
⇒ x + 4 + 4x + y + 9 + 6y = x + 1 + 2x + y

⇒ 2x + 6y + 12 = 0

⇒ x + 3y + 6 = 0 … (1)

Similarly, OB = OC
2 2
⇒ OB = OC
2 2 2 2
(x + 1) + (y + 0) = (x + 7) + (y − 6)

2 2 2 2
⇒ x + 1 + 2x + y = x + 49 − 14x + y + 36 + 12y

⇒ 16x − 12y − 84 = 0

⇒ 4x − 3y − 21 = 0 … . (2)

⇒ 4x + 12y + 24 = 0 … . (1)

on solving (1)\& (2) we get,

−15y − 45 = 0

⇒ y = −3

from (1)
x−9 +6 = 0

⇒ x = 3

Thus coordinate of O are

(3, −3)
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
Radius = √(3 + 2) + (−3 + 3)

−−−−−
= √25 + 0
−−
= √25 units

= 5 units

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