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Trial IGCSE
CANDIDATE
NAME
CENTRE CANDIDATE
NUMBER NUMBER

COMBINED SCIENCE 0645/43

Paper 4 (Extended) August 2024
1 hour 15 minutes
You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials needed.

INSTRUCTIONS

• Answer all questions.

• Use a black or dark blue pen.
• Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
• Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
• Do not write any bar codes.
• You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document consists of 21 printed pages and 0 blank pages.

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1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows an insect-pollinated flower cut open to show the internal structures.

(i) On Fig. 1.1, draw a label line and the letter X to identify the part that contains
ovules. [1]

(ii) Describe two visible features that show the flower in Fig. 1.1 is adapted for
insect pollination.

1 ........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ [2]

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(b) Fig. 1.2 shows pollen grains from different plants as seen using a microscope.

Use evidence from Fig. 1.2 to describe how pollen grain Y is adapted for insect
pollination.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(c) A student investigates phototropism in plants.

The student places a plant near a window. The plant is left for one week.
Fig. 1.3 shows the plant before the investigation starts and after one week by the
window.

Complete these sentences to explain the response of the plant to light.

Auxin spreads from the ...................................... to other parts of the plant.

There is unequal ...................................... of auxin in response to light.
The plant stem grows faster on the side with less light.
This is because auxin stimulates more cell ...................................... on this side.
[3]

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(d) Explain why not all the energy in plants is transferred to the next trophic level.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 9]

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2 Concentrated aqueous sodium chloride is electrolysed using platinum electrodes,

as shown in Fig. 2.1.

(a) At the start of the electrolysis, the aqueous solution contains hydrogen ions.

(i) State the compound that provides these hydrogen ions.

........................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Describe what happens to the hydrogen ions during this electrolysis.
Use ideas about ions, atoms and molecules in your answer.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................ [3]

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(b) (i) State the name of gas X shown in Fig. 2.1.

........................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Describe the test for gas X and state the observation for a positive result.

test ...................................................................................................................

observation ......................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) (i) State two properties of platinum that make it suitable for use as an electrode.

.......................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) The atomic number of platinum is 78.

State the name of the collection of metals in the Periodic Table that includes
platinum.

Use the Periodic Table to help you.

.......................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 8]

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3 Fig. 3.1 shows the International Space Station orbiting the Earth.

(a) The space station is kept in orbit by the Earth’s gravitational field.

Name the effect of the Earth’s gravitational field on a mass.

................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) On one of its orbits, the space station travels at a speed of 28 000 km / h and
takes 90 minutes to complete one orbit of the Earth.

Calculate the distance travelled by the space station during this orbit.

Show your working.

distance = .................................................... km [2]

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(c) The volume of the Earth is 1.08 × 1021 m3.

The average density of the whole Earth is 5530 kg/m 3.

(i) Calculate the mass of the Earth.

State the formula you use and show your working.

formula

working

mass = ..................................................... kg [2]

(ii) The average density of the Earth’s crust is 2700 kg/m 3.

Fig. 3.2 shows the interior structure of the Earth.

Suggest how the average density of the mantle and core compares with the
density of the crust.

Explain your answer.

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................... [2]

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(iii) The Earth’s core has two layers. The outer core is liquid, while the inner core
is solid.

Both parts are made mostly of iron.

State two ways in which the atoms in the outer core will be arranged
differently from the atoms in the inner core.

1 .......................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

2 .......................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................... [2]

(d) Fig. 3.3 shows large solar panels that provide energy for the space station.

The solar cells are in large panels that face the Sun to gather radiation energy
from the Sun.

This energy is stored by charging batteries on board the space station.

Complete the sequence of energy conversions that take place.

Radiation from the Sun

to ................................................ energy in the solar cells

to ................................................ energy in the batteries.

[2]

[Total: 11]

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4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows a simplified diagram of the carbon cycle.

(i) Name process X.

.......................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Name process Y.

.......................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Explain the effect of clearing forests on the concentration of carbon dioxide in
the atmosphere.

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................... [2]

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(b) Nitrate ions can be added to water in a lake accidentally. The effects of this can
lead to the death of organisms living in the water.

Use the words in the list to complete the sentences which explain how this
happens.

Each word can be used once, more than once, or not at all.

addition death decomposers decreased feeding

growth increased respiration

• There is an increased availability of nitrate ions.

• This results in an increased ...................................... of producers on the
surface of the lake.
• This leads to ...................................... decomposition after the
...................................... of producers.
• Increased aerobic respiration by ...................................... occurs which
results in a reduction of dissolved oxygen.
• This causes the death of organisms in the water.
[4]

[Total: 8]

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5 Iron is extracted from hematite, an iron ore, in the blast furnace.

(a) Hematite contains Fe2O3.

Tick one box to show the name for Fe2O3.

iron oxide (II)

iron oxide (III)

iron (II) oxide

iron (III) oxide [1]

(b) The three equations below show reactions that happen in the blast furnace.

Equation 1 C + O2 → CO2
Equation 2 CO2 + C → 2CO
Equation 3 Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2

(i) State which equation shows combustion.

.......................................................................................................................... [1]

(iI) One of the reactions produces a toxic gas.

State the name of this toxic gas.

.......................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Complete the sentences below.

The substance that is oxidised in Equation 1 is ................................... .

The substance that is reduced in Equation 2 is ................................... .

The substance that is oxidised in Equation 3 is ................................... , and

the substance that is reduced in Equation 3 is ................................... .

[3]

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(c) The metals listed can also be extracted from their ores.

aluminium

copper

magnesium

sodium

zinc

(i) Identify two metals from this list which can be extracted by heating their ores
with carbon.

..................................................... and ............................................................. [2]

(ii) Identify a metal from this list that cannot be extracted by heating its ore with
carbon.

Explain your answer.

metal ...................................................
explanation …....................................................................................................
[1]

(iii) State the method used to extract the metal named in (ii) from its ore.

.......................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 10]

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6 The bathroom in a house has electric heating under the floor.

(a) Fig. 6.1 shows part of the heating circuit, with two identical heaters, heater 1 and
heater 2.

When the circuit is switched on, the current in heater 1 is 4 A.

State the current in the fuse.

current = .............................................. A

Explain your answer.

..........................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) The heaters are placed underneath a wooden floor.

The heating circuit is switched on, and the temperature of the heaters quickly
reaches 70 °C.

Thermal energy conducted through the wood causes the temperature of the
upper surface of the floor to increase slowly from 20 °C to 25 °C.

Air in contact with the floor is heated and warms the bathroom by convection.

Describe in terms of molecules:

(i) how thermal energy passes through the wood by conduction

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................... [2]

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(ii) how thermal energy is transferred from the surface of the floor to the ceiling
of the bathroom.

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................... [3]

(c) When the heaters are switched on, a small gap between the edge of the wooden
floor and the walls of the bathroom slowly disappears.

Predict what will happen when the heaters are switched off again.

Explain your answer.

prediction .................................................................................................................
explanation ..............................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 9]

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7 (a) Chemical digestion and mechanical digestion take place in the alimentary canal.

Place ticks (✓) in the boxes next to the correct statements about chemical and
mechanical digestion.

Both types of digestion always form soluble molecules.

Both types of digestion take place in the mouth.
Both types of digestion use enzymes.
Only chemical digestion takes place in the stomach.
Only mechanical digestion involves no chemical change.
[2]

(b) The pancreas secretes the enzyme protease.

(i) State the name of one other enzyme secreted by the pancreas.

..........................................................................................................................
[1]
(ii) State the substrate and product of digestion of the enzyme protease.

substrate ..........................................................................................................

product .............................................................................................................
[1]

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(c) Fig. 7.1 shows the effect of pH on protease activity.

(i) Explain why protease activity is zero at pH 10.5.

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Use Fig. 7.1 to explain why this protease is from the pancreas and not from
gastric juice.

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 9]

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8 Fig. 8.1 shows the structures of three hydrocarbon molecules, A, B, and C.

(a) (i) Name hydrocarbons A and B.

A........................................................................................................................

B........................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) Describe the changes, if any, that are observed when bromine water is
added separately to samples of hydrocarbons A and B.

A........................................................................................................................

B........................................................................................................................ [2]

(iii) Deduce the balanced equation for the complete combustion of hydrocarbon C.

........................... + ........................... → ........................... + ........................... [2]

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(b) Hydrocarbon A is made in process Y, as shown in Fig. 8.2.

(i) Name process Y.

.......................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Describe the difference in the boiling points of fraction P and fraction Q.

Explain this difference in terms of the sizes of molecules and of

intermolecular attractive forces.

difference ..........................................................................................................
explanation .......................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
[2]

[Total: 9]

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9 Fig. 9.1 shows some electrical components of a car.

Fig. 9.2 shows a circuit diagram for the components.

(a) State one advantage of connecting the headlamps in parallel.

.................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) One headlamp requires a current of 5 A.

The headlamp is switched on for five hours.
Calculate the total charge that flows through the headlamp in this time.

charge = ..................................................... C [3]

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(c) The circuit is changed to include two switches, S1 and S2.

• Switch S1 controls the starter motor but does not control the headlamps.
• Switch S2 controls both the headlamps but does not control the starter
motor.
On Fig. 9.3, complete the circuit diagram to include switches S1 and S2.

[3]

[Total: 7]

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Setter, Moderator, Verifier,

_____________________ _____________________ _____________________

Mr. Leo Chong Ms. Michelle Lee Dr. Chong Yee May
Combined Science Teacher Science Coordinator Acting Principal

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