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MARKING GUIDELINE
NATIONAL CERTIFICATE
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION N6
1 June 2021
This marking guideline consists of 7 pages.
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MARKING GUIDELINE -2-
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION N6
SECTION A
QUESTION 1
1.1 1.1.1 C
1.1.2 G
1.1.3 E
1.1.4 F
1.1.5 A
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1.1.6 B
(6 × 2) (12)
1.2 1.2.1 Auditing
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1.2.2 Administration
1.2.3 Flow diagram
1.2.4 Inspection
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1.2.5 Written report
1.2.6 Public protector
(6 × 2) (12)
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1.3 1.3.1 Department of Justice and Constitutional Development (2)
1.3.2 Courts have the authority and right to examine the legality and
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validity of acts of executive institutions.
An aggrieved citizen may file a civil case if his/her rights have
been violated.
Courts can only point out the guilty party but they cannot correct
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behaviour.
Hearings are open to the public. (Any 3 × 2) (6)
1.3.3 Give legal advice to state departments.
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Assist state departments and provincial administration in drafting
of bills.
Assist with the passing of bills in parliament.
Defend officials of state departments and provincial
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administration in criminal courts when charges arise from the
performance of their duties.
Give advice to state departments on the interpretation and
implementation of laws. (Any 4 × 2) (8)
[40]
TOTAL SECTION A: 40
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SECTION B
QUESTION 2
2.1 2.1.1 Police officers investigate criminal activities and arrest criminals.
2.1.2 Magistrates and judges decide on punishment.
2.1.3 Prison guards rehabilitate prisoners and maintain order.
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2.1.4 Traffic officers enforce traffic rules to ensure that road users are
safe.
(4 × 2) (8)
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2.2 Police officers, nurses, members of the defence force, correctional service
employees, etc. are provided with uniforms and protective clothing for
protection and identification.
them to perform their duties safely.
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Laboratory workers and labourers are provided with protective clothing for
Adequate work methods and procedures are necessary to ensure that
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uniforms and clothing are acquired, stored, issued and used correctly.
Some officials require uniforms to perform their duties. (4 × 2) (8)
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2.3 Written reports – Most commonly used in the public sector. Provide
evidence of work done and encourage workers to work carefully and
precisely.
Personal inspection – Takes place in the actual work environment.
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Establish if actions served a useful purpose. Its disadvantage is that it takes
place after an incorrect action has occurred. Inspectors must not only look
for faults but apply remedial measures where there are shortcomings.
Auditing – Takes place after a transaction has occurred. It is concerned
with legal correctness of transactions and prevents any wrongful
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transactions from taking place.
Statistical reports – Used in addition to financial auditing.
Keeping of daily files – They indicate whether templates, letters and
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correspondence comply with the department’s requirements. (5 × 2) (10)
2.4 2.4.1 Society is a dynamic entity.
There are constant changes taking place in society.
Public authorities are involved in social aspects of community life.
There are changes in the views of the government of the day.
There are changes in public attitudes.
There are population changes.
Acts and bills must be changed to satisfy the needs of the people.
(4 × 1) (4)
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2.4.2 Rapid technological changes have forced work procedures to
change.
Examples are high-tech office equipment, e.g. fax machines and
computers. (2 × 2) (4)
2.4.3 During this century a great number of changes have taken place
in the physical and social science field.
This is proved by the large number of students in this field at
universities and technikons.
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People are pressurised to obtain high educational qualifications,
skills and experience.
In certain occupations officials such as nurses, prison officials
and public servants are increasingly required to obtain better
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skills and higher qualifications. (2 × 2) (4)
2.4.4 The administration of the country is done by various institutions.
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Some of these institutions have many branches, divisions and
sections. Because of this, overlapping and duplication takes
place.
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Changes are made and implemented in each particular institution
as the need arises.
Sometimes the authorities forget to make adjustments in similar
fields or sections and it results in different sections doing the
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same tasks. (Any 2 × 1) (2)
[40]
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QUESTION 3
3.1 Locking the office when going out of the office
Reviewing monthly statements to verify transactions
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Requiring authorisation on certain documents
Performing reconciliations on public accounts (4)
3.2 Reviewing or monitoring by national and provincial government and
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municipalities respectively.
The municipal council should describe the extent of the failure to meet its
obligations.
If a directive has not been complied with, the council has to assume
responsibility for the relevant obligation.
The provincial executive should submit a written notice of the intervention to
the minister responsible for local government.
The NCOP must review an assumption of responsibility within 30 days of
the first sitting of the NCOP after the intervention began.
After approval the NCOP should review the intervention it has approved on
a regular basis. (6 × 2) (12)
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3.3 Local and central government must maintain an open, cooperative
relationship.
Central government can strengthen and build the local government’s
capacity.
The cabinet decides when functions are delegated from a national level to a
local government.
Parliament approves many laws which affect municipalities.
Municipalities operate autonomously.
Legislative authority is vested in parliament controlling all government
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affairs.
Municipalities work closely with the central government as they operate in
the same field. (Any 5 × 2) (10)
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3.4 The public protector may investigate on her own initiative.
Investigations are carried out in an impartial manner.
Investigates irregular or illegal behaviour.
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Settles matters in private for citizens.
Investigates when there is sufficient reason.
May not investigate court decisions.
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Must be accessible to all individuals and communities.
Reports issued must be open to the public unless under exceptional
circumstances. (4 × 2) (8)
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3.5 Plan activities which must be carried out
Carry out the planned activities
Control the implementation of the activity (3 × 2) (6)
[40]
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QUESTION 4
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4.1 Policy-making
Organising
Financing
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Personnel
Work procedure
Control (6 × 2) (12)
4.2 Must be kept for long periods of time or even indefinitely (e.g. records in
deeds offices).
Need to be filed in such a way that they can be easily retrieved.
Must be protected against destruction and damage.
Usually kept in registries or archives.
Must be kept in a proper filing system for safekeeping. (Any 3 × 2) (6)
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4.3 PRIVATE BUSINESS PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
Decisions aimed at maximisation of Improve the public welfare of
profit communities
Budgets indicate ever growing profits Budgets show balanced spending
Complies with the stipulations of law Applies the stipulation of law
Uses capital of shareholders Uses taxpayers’ money
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Decisions are dictated by the market Decisions are dictated by the chief
(Any 3 × 1) political authority (Any 3 × 1)
(2 × 3) (6)
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4.4 Water Service Act
Housing Bill
Municipal Structures Act
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(3 × 2) (6)
4.5 Not familiar with the extent of services provided by public institutions
Know little about political considerations and values which guide public
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sector activities
Control function used in public sector is not familiar to private consultants
Their techniques and practices do not always suit the social, economic and
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political objectives of public institutions
Expect high levels of remuneration (Any 5 × 2) (10)
[40]
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QUESTION 5
5.1 5.1.1 Conformism
Manager follows rules.
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Expects staff to be formal.
No deviations allowed.
Tasks are carried out in terms of the law.
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5.1.2 Determinism
Manager has total authority on decision making.
Does not trust workers and simply gives orders.
Believes what he/she is doing is correct.
Manager is autocratic.
(2 × 4) (8)
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5.2 Supervisors will often have to negotiate with representatives of other
institutions, interest groups, superiors and subordinates.
Supervisors must be trained to handle negotiations.
The supervisors’ negotiation skills may be put to the test when negotiating
routine contracts with buyers, clients and lenders.
Negotiations may concern financial needs, human resources or purchases.
Problem solving and using different tactics are a large part of negotiations
and yield beneficial results. (3 × 2) (6)
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5.3 Waste of man-hours can be eliminated.
The flow of work can be increased and made more efficient.
Productivity can be increased. (3 × 2) (6)
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5.4 Fair
Reasonable
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Can be accounted for (Any 2 × 2) (4)
5.5 Provincial government plays a key role in monitoring the affairs of the local
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government.
The constitution obliges the provincial government to promote the
development and capacity of the local government.
Bills that affect local government must be published in the Government
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Gazette to invite interested parties to make presentations.
Bylaws are made by municipalities for effective administration of matters
they can control.
Bylaws are regarded as invalid if they contradict national or provincial laws.
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National and provincial governments may delegate tasks to a municipality if
the municipality has the capacity to perform the tasks.
Delegation from provincial to local government should be the result of a
provincial executive council decision.
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The premier may advise the municipality to follow a certain course of action
or may restrain it if the policy would not improve the welfare of the
community. (Any 6 × 2) (12)
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5.6 Labour regulations:
Protect the interests of employers and employees
Regulate the relationship between employers and employees (2 × 2) (4)
[40]
TOTAL SECTION B: 160
GRAND TOTAL: 200
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