IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN SELECTED GRADE

TEN STUDENTS OF SAGAD HIGH SCHOOL

___________________________________________________________________

A Case Study

Presented to

the Faculty of the Graduate School,

Philippine Christian University

______________________________________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Degree

of Master of Arts in Education Major in

Administration and Supervision

________________________________________________________________

By

GODOFREDO D. GARCIA JR

MAILA L. PAGUYAN

MA. VICTORIA CERVANTES

KATHLEEN HERRAS

January 2022
 ABSTRACT

The general objective of this case study is to identify the social media usage of Selected

Grade 10 Sagad High School Students and their acquired effective communication skills

predominantly in their verbal, non-verbal, and written communication skills. The researchers

selected the most appropriate design for the study which is quantitative research, specifically the

descriptive research design which aims to accurately and systematically describe a population,

situation, or phenomenon. The target respondents of this study will come from Randomly

Selected Grade 10 Sagad High School students. The total population of Grade 10 students 759

in which 450 respondents were identified using stratified random sampling which involves

division of population into smaller groups or strata and Slovin’s formula which calculate the

appropriate sample size from the population. Survey questionnaire will be used as the research

instrument of this study. A total of a twenty-item (20) survey questionnaire will be used to

answer and determine how social media usage impacts the respondents’ effective verbal, non-

verbal, and written communication skills. To identify the result of Grade 10 students’ effective

communication skills acquired and their usage of social media, the researchers will be using

weighted mean.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

PAGE TITLE …………………………………………………………… i

DEDICATION…………………………………………………………… ii

ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………… iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………… iv

LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………… vii

LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………. Viii

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction…………………………………………………………………. 1

Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………… 3

Significance of the Study…………………………………………………… 3

Scope and Delimitation…………………………………………………….. 4

Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………….. 5

Conceptual Framework…………………………………………………….. 6

Definition of Terms………………………………………………………… 7
CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Conceptual Literature………………………………………………………. 10

Research Literature…………………………………………………………. 13

Synthesis……………………………………………………………………. 17

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY

Research Design……………………………………………………………. 19

Respondents of the Study…………………………………………………... 19

Data Gathering Instrument…………………………………………………. 20

Data Gathering Procedure………………………………………………….. 21

Statistical Treatment………………………………………………………... 21
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the introduction, statement of the problem, significance of the

study, scope and delimitation, theoretical and conceptual framework, and definition of terms.

Introduction

Technology influences the way people interact, read, and think. In society today, it plays

a significant role (Allen, 2019). Living in the 21st century, digital devices have made our lives

apparently easy wherein we use different social media platforms to communicate effectively.

Social media in this era of globalization is viral among teenagers in the Philippines.

Nowadays, social media is an obligation that teenagers think they must have and have an

influence on the lives of today's generation. Today, who does not know social media? Social

media's role has become part of human’s life, such as the scope of education, both academically

and as a chat material for teenagers.

Social media is a wide online platform for many people that can help with their daily

lifestyle. According to Clement (2020), in more than a decade, the impact of social media has

gone from being a fun addition to being a completely integrated portion of almost every aspect

of life. The influence of social media is such that by 2023, the number of global users is
projected to exceed some 3.43 billion monthly users, around a third of the total population of

the planet. Bhamare (2020) added that the emerge of social media has created a new venue for

facilitating daily information and communication needed. By using social media in various

ways of communication, it helps to create opportunities to interact with other people easily by

sharing information. Therefore, social media is steadily but surely impacting the way people

live and communicate with one another.

Social media also plays a role in the continuity of students and students in seeking

information, news, education, insights, and long-distance contacts. People who use social media

are now free to communicate and share information, any news with each other without thinking

of obstacles such as cost, distance, and time (Soliha 2015). Distance and time are no longer a

problem for today's youth. Many teenagers or students who are traveling far away to study and

are far from their parents and families, as well as people who are far from their spouses, besides

that, having meetings in the world of work, is not difficult to meet. That convenience is because

social media offers many features that do not require face-to-face contact but can bring both

parties together remotely.

People are very much aware that communication is the life blood of existence and

realize how important it is in their lives. Communication is not technically just about

exchanging information. It is more about being able to understand the emotion and intentions

behind the information. To communicate well is to understand, and be understood (Bequiri,

2017). Being able to clearly convey a message or listening in a way that makes the other person

feel heard and understood. By learning these, it can deepen your connection to others, build

greater trust and respect, and overall social & communication health.

In a student’s perspective, predominantly to Grade 10 Junior High students, social media

plays an important role and becomes a communication tool for them. They use social media to
communicate with their classmates and teachers. In addition, using social media may develop

effective communication skills. By the advent of social media, a new way to promote everyday

knowledge and connectivity needs has been enabled. On the other hand, as described,

communication skills are an important tool for individuals to effectively transmit or receive

messages and information in a clear and concise manner. Effective communication requires

learning some important skills (SkillsYouNeed, 2020). Furthermore, developing communication

skills can help all aspects of life, from the professional life to social gatherings and everything

in between.

The researchers want to determine the impacts of social media in terms of students’

effective communication skills. Moreover, researchers ought to know their preferred social

media platform. As a result, the study aims to identify the effective communication skills of

Grade 10 Junior High students and their usage of social media.

Statement of the Problem

This quantitative research study purposely intends to determine the impacts of social

media usage on effective communication skills of Selected Grade 10 Sagad Junior High

Students. Predominantly, the study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What are the social media platforms do the respondents use?

2. What is the assessment of the respondent on using the social media flatforms in terms

of the following : (note : define – at least 10 question per variables/ parameters )

a. Verbal, - questionnaire

b. Non-verbal, and –

c. Written communication skills

effective : communication skills? (Likert scale)

4.

Significance of the Study

According to DiscoverPhDs, the significance of the study is a written statement

that explains why the research is necessary. It is a justification for the importance and its

effect on the field of research, its contribution to new knowledge, and how it can benefit

others.

Considering the social media platforms that the respondents use and how it may

lead to their effective communication skills. This research study intents to figure out the

the impacts of social media usage on effective communication skills of Selected Grade

10 Sagad Junior High Students. The findings of the study will be redounded to the

benefit of the following.

Student-researchers. This study allowed them to discover important areas that

other researchers have not been able to explore.

School body. The outcome of the study will let the school know and be aware on

how social media impacts their students in terms of effective communication skills.

Future researchers. This research study can serve as their future reference in

their research study. As well as, other educational purposes.

Two components of a research paper are the scope and delimitation of the

research, which tells the reader what information is used in the research and explains

why the author/s chose that information. Although scope and delimitation clarify the

restricted nature of a report, this data adds credibility to science (Refugio, 2018). This

addresses the study's scope and determines the process limitations. Furthermore, this

also addresses what the researchers do not want to do.

This study concentrates to the impacts of social media usage on effective

communications skills of Selected Grade 10 Sagad Junior High Students. To obtain the

necessary information that would solve the research problem, the researchers prepared

survey questionnaires. First, knowing the social media platforms that the respondents

use. Second, determining in what way does the respondents use social media for

effective verbal, non-verbal, and written communication skills. Third, knowing the

impacts of the respondents’ usage of social media towards effective communication

skills. In Sagad high School, mainly Grade 10 students from different sections, will be

the chosen respondents for this study. The delimitation, according to Oxford Learner’s

Dictionary, is the boundary or limits of the study. The study does not include the visual

communication skills of the students. As stated, the respondents of this study will only

be Grade10 Junior High Students only. With that, other grade level students will not be

included as respondents. Also, the study does not cover other skills which are connected

and acquired with the usage of social media.

Theoretical Framework
 The backbone of this study is guided by an Archetypal Theory–Goffman’s

symbolic interactionism. This concept is selected for its potential relevance to the usage

of social media on effective communication skills:

Goffman’s presentation of self

Erving Goffman's The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, published in 1959,

provides a detailed description and analysis of process and meaning in mundane

interaction which introduces the “way to present”. Regardless of the particular objective

which the individual has in mind and when an individual appears in the presence of

others, there will usually be some reason for him to mobilize his activity so that it will

convey an impression to others which is in his interests to convey. Interaction is viewed

as a "performance," shaped by environment and audience, constructed to provide others

with "impressions" that are consonant with the desired goals of the actor. Goffman’s

book is therefore all about the appearance of action. The analogy of Cartesian dualism—

between the thinking subject and the world as a space or territory that the subject will

influence—is fully relevant. The relevant is confirmed by the fact that, “this control is

achieved largely by influencing the definition of the situation which the others come to

formulate.” In relation to the study’s research problem, this theory of Goffman’s

presentation of self helps support and give comparison to the way a person present

himself and the usage of social media in effective communication. Social media is like a

theatre play where a person conduct a performance; plays a role. It is about self-

presentation, impression management, attempting to act on accordance with the plan

which can make a person an effective communicator.

Conceptual Framework
 The conceptual framework used input-process-output to present the variable being

studied. The “input” variables were the social media platforms that the respondents used

together with its impacts on their effective communication skills. The next box is the “process”

variables which includes the instrument and method validation, survey questionnaires

distribution, data gathering, and interpretation. The last part will be the “output” variables which

is the result, conclusion, and recommendation.

Definition of Terms

An alphabetical list of significant terms or acronyms that you identify, particularly used terms

(Harvard Extension School, n.d.). Definition of terms makes it easy to understand vague

definitions of words that can otherwise be interpreted in various ways, these words should be

clearly defined according to how they are used in the study (Thesis Notes, 2009).

Archetypal Theory. Archetypal criticism argues that archetypes determine the form and

function of literary works. (Delahoyd, 2002)

Communication. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, it is a process by

which information is exchanged through a common system of symbols, signs, or actions

is used as an introductory for this study.

Communication Skills. Is essential in order to rapidly and accurately deliver and

interpret data. Being able to communicate easily is a crucial ability in life and should not be

ignored (Bequiri, 2017). In this study, this is the dependent variable.

Effective communication. It’s about understanding the emotion and intentions behind

the information. As well as being able to clearly convey a message

Information. It is the information acquired from research, study or instruction. As well

as, message received and understood.

Interactionism. a theoretical perspective that derives social processes (such as conflict,

cooperation, identity formation) from human interaction.

Mass media. Mass media means technology that is intended to reach a mass audience.

(Study.com, 2015)

Non-verbal Skills. the transfer of information through the use of body language

including eye contact, facial expressions, gestures

Phenomenology. the science of phenomena as distinct from that of the nature of being

(Plato.stanford.edu, 2003

Skill. It is the ability to do something well (Oxford Dictionary, n.d.).

Social Media Platform. Known as the lovechild of the World Wide Web which comes in many

forms such as blogs, forum, photo-sharing, social gaming, chat apps, and social networks (Clement,

2020). Specifically, those are Facebook, Twitter, Google+, YouTube, Instagram and a lot more. In this

study, it is used to determine the social media platforms that the respondents use.
 Theoretical Framework. It is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study.

(USC Libraires, 2020)

Verbal Communication Skills. Effective skills in verbal communication require more than just

talking. Verbal communication concerns both how you send messages and how they are interpreted by

you (Doyle, 2020). In this study, it is one of the effective communication skills that the respondents

acquire with the use of social media.

Written Communication Skills. According to Inc.com, written communication includes any

kind of communication that allows the use of written word. In this study, it is one of the effective

communication skills that the respondents acquire with the use of social media

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter provide a summary of the various articles, journals, and dissertations used

as reference and guide throughout the study. The various documents serve as the foundation of

giving initial ideas and/or knowledge with related subject matter. This includes conceptual and

research literature, and synthesis.

Conceptual Literature

These includes literature from books, journalism and other types of study-related or

applicable content, but it is data-free or non-empirical material. To help and better appreciate

the variables of the analysis, it aims to establish familiarity with current study.

Academic performance or achievement is the outcome of education, the extent to which

a student, teacher or institution has achieved their educational goals. Academic performance is

commonly measured by examinations or continuous assessment but there is no general

agreement on how it is best tested or which aspects are most important, procedural knowledge

such as skills or declarative knowledge such as facts (Annie, Howard & Mildred, 1996).
 Bhamare (2018) recognized that communication is constantly evolving, some people are

used to seeing their friend’s online avatar as if the face. Social media, as mentioned, can be a

great educational tool for students. Thus, serves as an effective device for academic

performances. Moreover, it helps to improve writing skills in a clear and succinct way; in

addition, this can also result to their social skills and the ability to use social media for

educational purposes (Bruce, 2020). Hopkins (2020) added that social media and education can

complement one another if utilized effectively. The technologies that allow these platforms to

function are also one of the driving forces behind the impact of this technology on education.

As social media takes up a large space in the lives of people, it is important to know how it

impacts the student’s communication skills. Alrubail (2015) stated that social media’s impact

does not necessarily mean negative impact. Students use different social media platform such as

Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and etc., in which has a positive impact to students wherein it can

lead to effective communication skills.

There are positive effects of social media according to Blaylock (2018), wherein these

develops new educational opportunities for students. One of these effects is the way people

write or their communication style. Nowadays, messages became shorter and more concise in

which people adapted for summarized writing as well. Abbreviation, on the other hand, is

common in texting where it has generated controversy among some scholars and cited studies

because it has negative effects on literacy skills such as writing skills and accuracy of reading.

In line with that, in this era of social media when we are reaching out and engaging more and

more people. The more we allow for and understand the importance of all the various levels of

communication, the more we can skillfully and effectively use each one.

Gordhamer (2010) stated Five Levels of Effective Communication in Social Media Age.

Having “public reply” as level 1: a public interaction which if done correctly, can often lead to

more fruitful direct communication; level 2: for direct message for a private connection; for
level 3: more in-depth communication, can be easily forwarded, and sent to numerous people at

once; a phone call for level 4 which allows for more immediate back-and-forth; and at level 5:

in-person or video chat. Meetings were enhanced by the natural progression of our first digital

communication. While at one time face-to-face interactions were the entry point, today, in-

person meetings often come at later stages.

Deinbert (n.d.) recognized that digital innovations have been ubiquitous and profoundly

ingrained in all things we do in a short period of time. It is neither feasible nor necessary to fully

unwind them. Everyone likes, or at least accept, this bargain. Knowledge of social media’s ills

and unintended consequences is spreading, and particular platforms rise and fall, but social

media as a whole remain popular, and the surveillance-based economic system underlying them

is constantly expanding.

Social media is like a drug, but what makes it particularly addictive is that it is adaptive

Berger (n.d). It adjusts based on your preferences and behaviors, which makes it both more

useful and engaging and interesting, and more addictive. Teenagers often remark that they

cannot leave Facebook because they would face social ostracization. Employing what

Vaidhyanathan (2012) calls “infrastructural imperialism” organizations often offer social media

as the readiest way to access their services, excluding those who opt out of social media while

subtly but powerfully shaping the choices of those who opt in.

Not surprisingly, people with authoritarian inclinations are actively taking advantage of

the propitious environment that social media offer (Gunitsky, 2015). A recent survey by the

Oxford Internet Institute found that 48 countries have at least one government agency or

political party engaging in shaping public opinion through social media. Authoritarian-minded

leaders routinely lambaste “fake news” while at the same time shamelessly pushing patent

falsehoods.
Research Literature

These literatures are objective, critical summary of published research literature relevant

to a topic under consideration for research. It aims to create familiarity with current thinking to

support and further understand the variables of the study.

The word social media has been difficult to define for years, until many platforms

appeared, providing individuals with opportunities to monitor all content being generated and

empowering them to be content creators and users. In a research study conducted by Yashem

and El Badawy (2015), how students use social media with regards to studying. In their

research, 92% of respondents use the internet. Others said specifically that, because they can

Google equations, they use social media sites for their math homework. Most of them, therefore

use social media in a positive way which allows them to do better at school. In line with that,

according to Talaue, G. et.al (2018), in education, the use of social media provides students with

the ability to obtain more useful information, to connect with learning groups and other

educational systems that make education convenient. Tools for social networks provide multiple

opportunities for students and institutions to enhance learning methods.

In addition, as cited in the study of Baruah (2012), as a superset beyond social

communication, social media has driven by ubiquitously open and flexible networking methods,

the way organizations, groups, and people interact has been dramatically transformed by social

media. In the study "Predicting the Future with Social Media" (Asur, S. & Huberman, B. 2010,

as cited in Baruah, 2012), they explain how it is possible to use social media material to forecast

real-world results.

According to Broughtons and Higgins company (2010) talks at length the policy and

practice relating to the use of social media by employees. They were guided by the fact that they

had already engaged to some extent with the issue of social media, what it might mean for their
organization and how they were going to formulate and communicate a policy. They

predominantly specified that social networking requires the use of an online platform or website

that allows people to connect via a number of services, typically for a social purpose, most of

which are web-based and give people opportunities to interact over the internet, e.g. through e-

mail and 'instant messaging'.

Data have shown strong associations between the use of social networking by learners

and their personal and group resilience (P < .05). Characteristics of social media use, faith, and

clinical placement were linked to resilience and the perceived helpfulness of the communication

skills (P < .01). In conclusion, social networking can and should be used to foster resilience

among nursing students as a learning tool. Significant positive correlations have been identified

between personal and group use of social media and resilience. The more social media was used

by the student, the greater resilience it reported (Washawski, S. et al., 2016).

Regarding students’ attitude towards communication skills, the results reveal that there

were no significant differences between class teachers and childhood teachers’ students in their

positive and negative attitudes toward communication skills according to Ihmeideh, F. (2010). It

may explain by that there are no formal training sessions in communication skills during

programs of class teachers and childhood teachers' preparation or the lesser number of

childhood teacher students’ in this study may have been partly responsible for the lack of a

significant difference. However, senior students have high positive attitudes toward

communication skills than sophomore and junior. This result agrees with a previous study

suggested that older, mature students have high positive attitudes toward communication skills

training (Rees & Garrud, 2001, as cited in Ilmeideh, 2010). At the same time, sophomore

students have high negative attitudes toward communication skills than senior and junior

students.
 Furthermore, Asemanyi (2015) found out that learners would help enhance their output

in and course by being respectful of each other's ideas and adjusting to new teaching methods or

techniques used by communication skills in this case. More optimistic attitudes and

expectations towards learning must be established by learners. Another recommendation for the

research was that the communication skills course helps students a lot in the job market,

especially in interviews, so if students take the course seriously and try to work hard on it, it

would be helpful. Again in all areas of human life, communication is very important and as

such, every person must learn good communication skills. Some of the respondents' feedback

on how to enhance the success of students in the course was that it improves their ability to

listen, speak, read and write, which will be very useful to them in all their efforts, including

writing their thesis and other books. In the research study conducted by Bakeer (2018), the

results of the study showed that the introduction of ICTs and social media had a positive impact

on the growth of the writing capacity of students. In addition, undergraduates are pleased with

the future achievements in the growth of writing skills by combining ICTs and social media.

Writing is a cognitive instrument used to test memory, reasoning ability and linguistic order to

effectively communicate ideas since a text's skillful structure means successful understanding.

In pursuant with that, Sámano’s study (as cited in Bakeer, 2018), it does not mean that it is

possible to learn English or any other language entirely through social media platforms, but it

can be used as a medium for creating a good learning atmosphere and a place in an informal

setting for practice. Social media also allow topics to be improved because they develop self-

motivation on topics seen in class, which reinforces skills such as written expression and

creativity in a snowball effect. The findings showed that social media creates a good

environment for learning and that teachers can take advantage of the topics seen in the

classroom to strengthen them. Sámano found that 78% of teachers believe that the English of

their students is enhanced by social media. Moreover, a study explored the impressions of
students of the use of social media in the process of teaching English in a higher institution in

Indonesia. Findings from this study indicate that the majority of students displayed a

constructive outlook towards the writing classroom and a willingness to use social media.

Factors such as large classrooms, the lack of internet training and the lack of equipment could

however be potential obstacles to the use of social media in the classroom (Rahman & Salija,

2016, as cited in Bakeer, 2018). In line with that, a survey of 2,462 advanced placement and

national writing project teachers was conducted by Purcell, Buchanan, and Friedrich (2013).

They find that digital technologies shape student writing in myriad ways and have also become

useful tools for middle and high school students to teach writing. These educators see the

internet and digital technologies such as social networking sites, cell phones and texting,

generally