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Assignment 1 IEM

The document explains the workings of monochromatic and colored CRTs, detailing how electron beams produce images. It describes the printing process for black and color outputs, highlighting the use of different ink cartridges. Additionally, it differentiates various image formats (BMP, JPEG, TIFF, PNG, GIF, WEBP) based on their compression methods, quality, and ideal applications.

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Nikhaela Rodillas
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12 views

Assignment 1 IEM

The document explains the workings of monochromatic and colored CRTs, detailing how electron beams produce images. It describes the printing process for black and color outputs, highlighting the use of different ink cartridges. Additionally, it differentiates various image formats (BMP, JPEG, TIFF, PNG, GIF, WEBP) based on their compression methods, quality, and ideal applications.

Uploaded by

Nikhaela Rodillas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nikhaela Rodillas

BSEMC 1B
Introduction To EM Computing

1. How does a monochromatic CRT work? Colored CRT?


- A single electron stream is fired by an electron cannon onto the screen of a
monochromatic CRT, causing a phosphor coating inside the screen to illuminate a
single color—usually green. To produce images in that one color, the electron beam is
directed across the screen. In contrast, a colored CRT uses three separate electron
guns to emit beams for red, green, and blue colors. The accompanying red, green, and
blue phosphor spots or stripes on the screen are struck by these beams when they pass
through an aperture grill or shadow mask. The colorful CRT combines these main
hues to create a broad range of colors by adjusting the intensity of each electron beam,
producing a vivid and detailed image.

2. How does a printer produce its output in black and in colored output?
- A printer produces output through a process that varies depending on whether it's
printing in black or color. For **black-and-white printing**, the printer uses a single
ink or toner cartridge containing black pigment. The printer applies this ink or toner to
the paper in precise patterns to create text and images. In **color printing**, the
printer uses multiple cartridges—typically cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (often
referred to as CMYK). By mixing these four colors in varying proportions, the printer
can produce a wide range of colors and shades. The printer's mechanism precisely
controls the application of each color to overlap and blend on the paper, creating full-
color images and text with high accuracy.

3. What is Halftoning? Dithering?


- Halftoning is a technique used in printing and digital imaging to simulate continuous-
tone images using only a limited number of ink or pixel colors. It involves breaking
down a full-color image into a pattern of dots or lines of varying sizes and spacing,
allowing the human eye to perceive a range of shades and gradients. Dithering, on the
other hand, is a specific form of halftoning used in digital images to create the illusion
of color depth and smooth gradients by arranging pixels of different colors in a
patterned or random way. Both techniques help reproduce images with limited color
capabilities, ensuring a more visually appealing result despite the constraints.

4. Differentiate BMP, JPEG, TIFF, PNG, GIF, and WEBP and compare one from
another?
- BMP (Bitmap) is an uncompressed image format that offers high quality but large file
sizes due to its lack of compression. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) uses
lossy compression to reduce file size while sacrificing some image quality, making it
ideal for photographs and images with gradients. TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)
supports both lossless and lossy compression, offering high quality and flexibility but
resulting in large file sizes, often used for professional and archival purposes. PNG
(Portable Network Graphics) uses lossless compression and supports transparency,
making it suitable for images requiring high detail and transparency effects. GIF
(Graphics Interchange Format) employs lossless compression but supports only 256
colors, making it best for simple graphics and animations. WEBP combines lossy and
lossless compression and supports transparency and animations, providing smaller file
sizes with comparable or better quality than JPEG and PNG, making it a modern
alternative for web use. Each format has its strengths and ideal use cases based on the
trade-offs between quality, file size, and features.

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