Circulatory System
Circulatory System
Function:
• Vast network of organs and vessels
responsible for the flow of blood, nutrients,
oxygen, carbon dioxide and hormones to and
from cells in the body
oTransports nutrients and oxygen to the body
cells
oRemoves wastes and carbon dioxide from the
cells
• Without the circulatory system, the body
would not be able to fight diseases or
maintain a stable internal environment
The Role of the Circulatory System
The circulatory system is responsible for:
1. Delivers O2 from the R.S.
2. Nutrients from D.S
3. Delivers Hormones (from the endocrine Sys)
4. Delivers Antibodies/cells (from the immune Sys)
5. Wastes from cells to lungs/kidneys
6. Maintain body temperature
Three Components:
All circulatory systems have three fundamental features:
1. Pump (heart)
2. Vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
3. Fluid (blood)
The Heart
Heart: is a muscular organ that pumps
blood through the network of arteries
and veins
Protected by the ribcage, sternum and
spine
Cardiac muscle tissue causes the heart
to contract as one unit
Epithelial tissue lines the inside and
outside of the heart to protect it from
friction
The Heart
Size of fist
Hardest-working muscle
Has 4 chambers where blood fills
Top chambers are called atria
(atrium singular)
Bottom chambers are called
ventricles
Atria and ventricles are separated
from each other via a septum
(thick muscular wall)
Valves in the heart prevent blood
from flowing the wrong way
Flow
The Heart
coronary
artery
Flow
LEFT SIDE
RIGHT SIDE
VENTRAL VIEW
TRACE A PATH OF A RED BLOOD CELL COMING FROM THE
BODY THROUGH THE CARDIAC AND PULMONARY
CIRCULATION AND FINALLY TO THE AORTA
Flow
LEFT SIDE
RIGHT SIDE
VENTRAL VIEW
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM BODY ENTERS RIGHT ATRIUM FROM THE INFERIOR
VENA CAVA (LOWER BODY) AND SUPERIOR VENA CAVA (UPPER BODY)
Flow
LEFT SIDE
RIGHT SIDE
VENTRAL VIEW
RIGHT ATRIUM CONTRACTS MOVING DEOXYGENATED BLOOD
THROUGH THE TRICUSPID VALVE INTO THE RIGHT VENTRICLE
Flow
LEFT SIDE
RIGHT SIDE
VENTRAL VIEW
RIGHT VENTRICLE CONTRACTS
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD GOES THROUGH THE THROUGH THE PULMONARY
VALVE INTO THE RIGHT AND LEFT PULMONARY ARTERIES AND INTO THE
LUNGS
Flow
LEFT SIDE
RIGHT SIDE
VENTRAL VIEW
OXYGENATED BLOOD RETURNS FROM THE LUNGS VIA THE RIGHT
AND LEFT PULMONARY VEINS AND INTO THE LEFT ATRIUM
Flow
LEFT SIDE
RIGHT SIDE
VENTRAL VIEW
LEFT ATRIUM CONTRACTS MOVING OXYGENATED
BLOOD THROUGH THE BICUSPID VALVE INTO THE
LEFT VENTRICLE
Flow
LEFT SIDE
RIGHT SIDE
VENTRAL VIEW
LEFT VENTRICLE CONTRACTS
OXYGENATED BLOOD GOES THROUGH THE THROUGH THE AORTIC
VALVE INTO THE AORTA UNDER HIGH PRESSURE AND INTO THE REST
OF THE BODY
Flow
LEFT SIDE
RIGHT SIDE
VENTRAL VIEW
ALL TOGETHER
Vessels
Blood Vessels
• BV: Blood travels through the body via vessels
• Arteries:
Carry blood away from heart
• Veins:
Carry blood toward heart
• Capillaries: tiniest blood vessel
Surround each body cell
Allows oxygen and nutrients to enter cells
(diffusion of gases)
Blood Vessels
Flow of blood through vessels
Large veins Large arteries
Types of Vessels:
1. Arteries
2. Arterioles Medium veins Medium arteries
3. Capillaries
Venules Arteriole
4.Venules
5. Veins
Capillaries
Blood Vessels
• Contracting ventricles put pressure on the blood, forcing it through a
series of vessels
Arteries carry blood from ventricles to arterioles
Arterioles control blood distribution to capillaries
Capillaries exchange substances
Venules collect blood from capillaries
Veins deliver blood back to heart
Structural Comparison of Human Blood Vessels
Human Blood Vessels
outer smooth muscle rings basement
coat over elastic tissue membrane endothelium
Arteriole
Structural Comparison of Human Blood Vessels
Human Blood Vessels
basement
membrane endothelium
Capillary
(venules have a
similar structure)
Structural Comparison of Human Blood Vessels
Human Blood Vessels
outer smooth muscle, basement
coat elastic fibers membrane endothelium
Vein
valve
blood flow to heart
valve
valve closed
open
valve
valve
closed
closed
Blood
• Blood carries carbon dioxide to the lungs and
picks up oxygen to carry to cells
Red blood cells (~ half blood volume)
Transports oxygen to cells
White blood cells (>1% of blood volume)
Recognize and destroy foreign microbes
Platelets (>1% of blood volume)
Cell fragments involved with blood clotting
Plasma (> half blood volume)
Protein-rich liquid that carries blood cells
The System
Workbook Questions
