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Chapter - 11 - LB - 3D Shapes

The document outlines a unit on 3D shapes and their nets, including exercises for identifying, sketching, and classifying these shapes. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationship between 2D areas and 3D surface areas, as well as the concepts of capacity and volume. The material is intended for educational purposes and is in collaboration with Cambridge Assessment International Education for endorsement.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
36 views17 pages

Chapter - 11 - LB - 3D Shapes

The document outlines a unit on 3D shapes and their nets, including exercises for identifying, sketching, and classifying these shapes. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationship between 2D areas and 3D surface areas, as well as the concepts of capacity and volume. The material is intended for educational purposes and is in collaboration with Cambridge Assessment International Education for endorsement.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.

11 3D shapes
Getting started
1 Match each of these shapes to its correct drawing on isometric paper.
A B C D

E
i

PL ii
M
iii iv
SA

147
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11 3D shapes

Continued
2 Li draws these nets on squared paper.
i ii iii

E
iv v vi

a
b
c
PL
Which of the nets will make an open cube?
Which of the nets will make a closed cube?
Which of the nets will not make a cube?
M
3 Order the capacity of these bottles from least to greatest.
A 630 ml B 1.01 litres C 1.36 litres D 950 ml
E 1.17 litres F 1040 ml G 190 ml H 1980 ml
SA

In this unit you will learn to sketch nets for different shapes. This is a
really important skill if you are designing gift boxes to hold things such
as chocolates, toys or jewellery.

148
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11.1 Shapes and nets

11.1 Shapes and nets


We are going to …
• identify, describe and sketch compound 3D shapes
• identify and sketch different nets for cubes, cuboids, prisms and pyramids
• look at the relationship between area of 2D shapes and surface

E
area of 3D shapes.

When you see a person delivering a parcel to someone,

PL
what is the usual shape of the box? You will probably say
a cuboid, but it is possible to have boxes that are cubes,
pyramids or prisms as well. If you are working in a factory
that makes the boxes, you need to know what to do to
make the different shape boxes!
compound shape
prism  surface area
M
SA

149
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11 3D shapes

Worked example 1

Describe this compound shape.

E
This compound shape is either: Think how you can split the compound shape
a cube and a cuboid into simpler 3D shapes that you know.

OR
two cuboids

Exercise 11.1
PL OR
M
1 Describe these compound shapes.
a b c
SA

150
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11.1 Shapes and nets

2 Classify these shapes into two groups. Group 1: simple shapes and
group 2: compound shapes.
A B C

E
D E F

3
G
PL H

Sketch a compound shape that is made from these simple shapes.


M
a two different cuboids
b a cuboid and a square-based pyramid
c two different cylinders
SA

151
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11 3D shapes

4 This is part of Deema’s homework.


Question: Describe and sketch a net of this cuboid.
Solution: A cuboid has six faces.
In this cuboid four of the faces are rectangles
and two are squares.
Use the same method as Deema to describe and sketch

E
a net of these shapes.

a cube

c
square based pyramid

cylinder
PL Tip

There is more than one


net for each of these
M
shapes but you only need
d triangular based pyramid. to sketch one of them.

Think like a mathematician 1


SA

a Marcus asks this question:


‘How do you work out the surface area of a cuboid?’
What do you think Marcus means by the surface area of a cuboid?
How do you think he could work it out?
b How could you work out the surface area of
i a cube ii a square based pyramid?
c Copy and complete this general rule:
The surface area of a 3D shape is the total area of all its .
d Discuss your answers to parts a to c with other learners in your class.

152
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11.1 Shapes and nets

5 This diagram shows a triangular prism.


a Copy and complete this description of the triangular prism.
A triangular prism has a total of faces.
Two of the faces are and of the faces
are rectangles.
b Sketch a net for the triangular prism.

E
6 Match each of these shapes to the correct net.
A pentagonal prism B octagonal prism C hexagonal prism

i
PL ii iii
M
Think like a mathematician 2
SA

This shape is made of unit cubes.


a What is the smallest number of unit cubes that must
be added to the shape to make a cuboid?
b Write down the method that you used to work out
the answer to part a.
c Discuss your method with other learners in your class.
Critique each other's methods. Can you now improve
on your method?

153
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11 3D shapes

7 Write down the smallest number of unit cubes that must be added
to these shapes to make cuboids.
a b c

E
Think like a mathematician 3

a
b
c
PL
Choose a simple 3D shape and draw a net for that shape on a piece of paper.
Cut the net out, using a pair of scissors, and fold your net to make the shape.
What do you think of your net? Did it fold together accurately to
make the shape or did some corners not meet? Did you have any
faces missing, or faces that were the wrong shape?
M
d Give yourself a score out of 10 for your net, with 1 being not very good and 10
being perfect. How could you improve your score if you made the net again?
e Discuss your answers to parts c and d with a partner.
SA

Look what I can do!

I can identify, describe and sketch compound 3D shapes.


I can identify and sketch different nets for cubes, cuboids,
prisms and pyramids.
I can understand the relationship between area of 2D shapes and
surface area of 3D shapes.

154
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11.2 Capacity and volume

11.2 Capacity and volume


We are going to …
• look at the difference between capacity and volume.

When you are cooking or baking you need to measure out ingredients.

E
Solid ingredients such as rice, pasta or vegetables can be weighed on capacity
kitchen scales. When you measure liquid ingredients such as milk, oil or volume
water you will need to use a measuring jug.
If you want the perfect pancakes, you need to measure the correct
amount of milk!

PL
M
  
SA

Worked example 2 ml 600


500
The diagram shows some water in a jug.   
400
a What is the capacity of the jug?
300
b What is the volume of water in the jug?
200
100
0

a 600 ml 600 ml is the maximum the jug can hold.


b 500 ml The scale shows the water is at the 500 ml mark.

155
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11 3D shapes

Exercise 11.2
1 For each of these jugs write down:
i the capacity of the jug ii the volume of water in the jug.
a b c
ml 500 ml 100 ml 5000
90 4500
400 80 4000
70 3500

E
300 60 3000
50
2500
200 40
2000
30
1500
100 20
1000

2 Read what Sofia says.


PL
You can write a
volume of 2500 ml as 2 litres
500 ml or 2.5 litres.
10

Tip

Use the fact that


1 litre = 1000 ml to
M
help you explain.

a Explain why Sofia is correct.


b Use Sofia’s example to help you copy and complete this table.
SA

millilitres litres and millilitres litres

2500 ml 2 l 500 ml 2.5 l

i 3200 ml

ii 4 l 300 ml

iii 3.7 l

iv 0 l 800 ml

v 12 100 ml

156
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11.2 Capacity and volume

Think like a mathematician 1

Marcus and Arun are looking at this question.   litres 10


9
What is the volume of water in this jug? 8
Read their conjectures. 7
6
5
4
3
I think the volume 2

E
of water is 6.1 litres. 1
0

I think the volume


of water is 6.2 litres.

a
b
c
d


PL
Who is correct? Give a convincing reason to justify your answer.
Explain the mistake that the other person has made.
What volume of water must be added to the jug to fill it to capacity?
Discuss your answers to parts a to c with other learners in
your class. Discuss methods you can use to make sure that you
M
read a scale correctly. Discuss the different methods that you can
use to answer part c.

3 For each of these jugs write down:


SA

i the capacity of the jug ii the volume of water in the jug.

a ml 600 b litres 2 c ml 1000


500 800
1.5
400
600
300 1
400
200
0.5
100 200

0 0 0

157
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11 3D shapes

4 What volume of water must be added to these jugs to fill them to capacity?
a b ml 100
c litres 10
ml 500 9
90 8
400 80 7
70 6
5
300 60 4
50 3
200 40 2
1
30
0
20

E
100
10

5 Chipo needs to measure out 2.3 litres of milk.

PL
She only has the measuring jug shown.    
Explain how she can use this measuring
jug to measure out 2.3 litres of milk.
ml 500

400

300

200

100
M
6 Vishan buys a fish tank with a capacity of 120 litres.
3
He pours water into the tank until it is full.
4
What is the volume of the water in the tank?
SA

Think like a mathematician 2

Work with a partner to answer this question.


Mair has these four measuring cups, A, B, C and D.
The capacity of each cup, in millilitres, is shown.

240 ml 160 ml 120 ml 60 ml

A B C D

158
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11.2 Capacity and volume

Continued

a Give a convincing explanation to show how Mair can use the cups to accurately
measure out these volumes:
Tip
i 400 ml ii 360 ml
iii 420 ml iv 320 ml I think that if Mair
v 180 ml vi 600 ml wanted to accurately
measure out 300 ml of

E
b Discuss your answers to part a with water, she could fill
other learners in your class. cup A and cup D.

1 litre
PL
Each of the containers below is marked with its capacity.
Estimate the volume of liquid in each container.
A B

800 ml
C

3 litre
D

1800 ml
M
E F
SA

1.5 litres 2 litres Tip

Estimate what
fraction of the
container is full.
Work out that fraction
in millilitres or litres.

Order the volumes of liquid from the least to the greatest.

159
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11 3D shapes

8 Copy and complete the Carroll diagram to sort the containers


by their capacity and the volume of liquid they contain.

A B C
ml 1200 ml 2000 ml 800

1000
1500 600
800

E
600 1000 400

400
500 200
200

D
L 1.5

1.25

1
PL E
ml 200
180
160
140
F
L 0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
M
120
0.5
100
0.75 0.4
80
0.3
0.5 60
40 0.2
SA

0.25 20 0.1

Volume of 500 ml Volume of more


or less than 500 ml

Capacity of 1 litre
or less.

Capacity of more
than 1 litre.

160
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11.2 Capacity and volume

Think like a mathematician 3

Jug A has a capacity of 3 litres. Jug B has a capacity


of 4 litres. Investigate what amounts you can make
with jug A and jug B when neither jug has a
measurement scale.
The combined capacity of the two jugs is 7 litres.
You can make a volume of any whole number of
litres, from 1 litre to 7 litres. You can fill a whole jug,

E
pour water from one jug to the other or empty a jug.
Investigate and record how each volume can
be made.
Investigate which amounts of whole litres can be

6 litre jugs.
PL
made with a 3 litre jug and a 5 litre jug.
Predict what amounts you will be able to make with 3 litre and

Check your prediction and record which numbers of whole litres can
be made and how they are made.
Suggest an explanation for what you have found out.
A

Choose two jugs of your own to investigate. Make sure each jug is a different size.
B
M
Predict what volumes can be made. Investigate your problem, record your results
and check your prediction. Write what you have found out.

Look back at the questions in this exercise.


SA

Which ones have you found the easiest and which ones
have you found the hardest?
Do you feel confident in answering all the different types
of question?
What can you do to increase your level of confidence?

Look what I can do!

I can understand the difference between capacity and volume.

161
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11 3D shapes

Check your progress


1 Describe these compound shapes.
a b c

E
2 Sketch a compound shape that is made from a cuboid and a
triangular prism.
3 This diagram shows a square based pyramid.      
a


square based pyramid.

PL
Copy and complete this description of the

A square based pyramid has a total of


faces. Four of the faces are
of the faces is a square. The surface
area of a square based pyramid is the total area
of all its .
and
M
b Sketch a net for the square based pyramid.
4 Write down the smallest number of unit cubes that must be added
to this shape to make a cuboid.
SA

162
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11.2 Capacity and volume

Continued
5 The diagram shows a jug containing water.

ml 600
500
400
300
200

E
100
0

a Write down

b
i
ii

PL
the capacity of the jug
the volume of water in the jug.
What volume of water must be added to the jug to fill it to capacity?
M
SA

163
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