Giveaway Mock P1B

Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme

參考答案
 Giveaway Mock
Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme

1.
(a)
Metal Initial temperature Final temperature Fall in Rise in
of water of water temperature temperature
of water of metal
Copper 銅 80 59 21 37
Aluminum 鋁 79 66 13 44
Iron 鐵 81 61 20 39
[1]

(b)
Stirring ensures that the temperature is uniform throughout the water
Ensures that the thermal equilibrium is reached before the final temperature is taken [1]
攪拌確保整個⽔中的溫度均勻
確保在達到最終溫度之前達到熱平衡 [1]

(c)
Mass of the blocks are equal
Same mass of water is used
⽅塊的質量相等
使⽤相同質量的⽔
Any one reasonable precaution [1]

Dse.phy.siumasir 2
⼩⾺ sir
 Giveaway Mock
Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme

(d)
Let the mass of metal block be m and the specific heat capacities of metal be c
C is the heat capacity of water and the flask
Energy lost by water = Energy gained by metal [1]
CΔT! = mcΔT"
C ΔT!
c= ×
m ΔT"

#$!
c is directly proportional to [1]
#$"

ascending order of specific heat capacity:

Aluminum, iron, copper [1]

設⾦屬塊的質量為 m，⾦屬的⽐熱容為 c
C 是⽔和燒瓶的熱容
⽔損失的能量=⾦屬獲得的能量 [1]
CΔT! = mcΔT"
C ΔT!
c= ×
m ΔT"

#$!
c 與 #$"
成正⽐ [1]

⽐熱容升序：
鋁、鐵、銅 [1]

Dse.phy.siumasir 3
⼩⾺ sir
 Giveaway Mock
Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme

2.
(a)

Correct straight line from t=0 to t=t1 [1]

Correct curve from t=t1 to t=t2 [1]

(b)
The water resistance increases with speed of the object [1]
When the ball just enters the pool of water, the speed is high. The water resistance is greater than the weight
of the ball. The net force acting on the ball is upward. Therefore, the ball first decelerates in water. [1]
Then, the speed of the ball decreases and stops decreasing until the water resistance drops to a value which
equals to the weight of the ball. The net force is zero. [1]
The ball sinks at a constant speed (terminal velocity)

⽔阻⼒隨著物體的速度增加⽽增加 [1]
當球剛剛進⼊⽔池時，速度很⾼。⽔阻⼒⼤於球的重量。作⽤在球上的淨⼒是向上的。因此，球⾸
先在⽔中減速。 [1]
然後，球的速度下降並停⽌下降，直到⽔阻⼒下降到與球的重量相等的值。合⼒為零。 [1]
球以恆定速度下沉（終端速度）

Dse.phy.siumasir 4
⼩⾺ sir
 Giveaway Mock
Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme

3.
(a) 90° [1]

(b) 𝜏 = 𝐹𝑑
130 = (𝐹 cos(135 − 90)) × 0.45 [1]
𝐹 = 408.55 𝑁
𝐹 = 409 𝑁 [1]

4.
(a) velocity – changing, acceleration – changing
速度 - ⾮恆定, 加速度 - ⾮恆定

(b) Projectile Motion 拋體運動

(c) 𝑠& = 4 − 2 cos 30

𝑣 " = 𝑢" + 2𝑎𝑠
𝑣& = N0 + 2(9.81)(4 − 2 cos 30)
𝑣& = 6.6706 𝑚𝑠 '! [1]
𝑣 = N𝑣(" + 𝑣&"
𝑣 = √5" + 6.6706"
= 8.3365 𝑚𝑠 '! = 8.34 𝑚𝑠 '! [1]

Dse.phy.siumasir 5
⼩⾺ sir
 Giveaway Mock
Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme

5.
(a)(i)
By Newton 3rd law, the magnetic force acting on the metal rod and the magnetic are the action and reaction
pair. [1]
Set the balance to zero when the current is zero. When there is a current passing through the metal rod,
balance shows the reading which is the magnetic force acting on the metal rod [1]

根據⽜頓第三定律，作⽤在⾦屬棒上的磁⼒和磁⼒是作⽤和反作⽤⼒對。 [1]
當電流為零時，將天平設置為零。當有電流通過⾦屬棒時，天平顯⽰的讀數是作⽤在⾦屬棒上的磁
⼒ [1]

(ii)
)
𝐵 = [1]
*+
–3
= 9 × 10 / (5.0 × 0.045)
= 0.0400 T [1]

Dse.phy.siumasir 6
⼩⾺ sir
 Giveaway Mock
Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme

6.
(a)
Magnetic force which is perpendicular to the direction of motion of the electron is acting on the electron [1]
Magnetic force provides the centripetal force to perform a circular motion in the magnetic field [1]

垂直於電⼦運動⽅向的磁⼒作⽤在電⼦上 [1]
磁⼒提供向⼼⼒以在磁場中進⾏圓周運動 [1]

(b)

circular paths in both magnetic field, shows 𝑟, > 𝑟-

兩個磁場中的半圓路徑 𝑟, > 𝑟- [1+1]

(c)

./ "
𝐵𝑞𝑣 = 0

./
𝑟= -1

!
𝑟∝ [1]
-

0# - 2.4 4
0$
= X-$ Y = X2.5Y = 5 [1]
#

Other methods are acceptable

Dse.phy.siumasir 7
⼩⾺ sir
 Giveaway Mock
Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme

7.
(a)(i)

Correct points at t = 0, 1.25 ms, 2.50 ms, 3.75 ms and 5.00 ms

Correct shape of the curve [2]

(b)
At t = 0, A and E are the nearest particles at their equilibrium positions
6
Distance between A and E =
"

在 t = 0 時，A 和 E 是其平衡位置最近的粒⼦
A 和 E 之間的距離 = λ/2

6
= 0.8 𝑚 → 𝜆 = 1.6 𝑚 [1]
"

Dse.phy.siumasir 8
⼩⾺ sir
 Giveaway Mock
Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme

(c)
The two loudspeakers are in phase [1]
point O is equidistant from L1 and L2, (or, path difference is 0)
the waves arrive point O in phase and constructive interference occurs.
Therefore, a loud sound is detected at O. [1]
The path difference at P is 4.5 𝜆
the waves arrive point P in phase and destructive interference occurs.
Therefore, a minimum sound is detected at P. [1]

由於兩個揚聲器為同相， [1]
點 O 與 L1 和 L2 等距，
（或者，程差為 0）
波同相到達 O 點並發⽣相⻑干涉。
因此，在 O 處探測到響亮聲⾳。 [1]
P 處的路徑差為 4.5 𝜆
波同相到達 O 點並發⽣相消干涉。
因此，在 P 處探測到最⼩聲⾳。 [1]

Dse.phy.siumasir 9
⼩⾺ sir
 Giveaway Mock
Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme

8.
(a)
7
𝑓=6

8×!2%
= [1]
:×!2&'

= 5 × 10!; 𝐻𝑧 [1]

(b)
When the light passes through the slits on the grating, it diffracts.
The light rays from all the slits undergo constructive interference at some positions on the screen. [1]
Therefore, bright fringes are formed at these positions. [1]

當光通過光柵上的狹縫時，會發⽣衍射。
來⾃所有狹縫的光線在屏幕上的某些位置會發⽣相⻑干涉 [1]
因此，在這些位置形成亮紋。 [1]

(c)
7 bright fringes, the order is 𝑛 = 3,
When 𝑛 = 3, the 3rd order bright fringe can be just observed at angular position 90°
7 條明亮的條紋，級數為 n = 3，
當 n=3 時，在 90°⾓位置可以觀察到第三級亮紋
𝑑 sin 𝜃 = 𝑛𝜆
0.01
𝜆′ = 5000 sin 90
3
λ< = 666.67 nm [1]

When 𝑛 = 4, the 4th order bright fringe can be just observed at angular position 90°
當 n=4 時，可以在 90° ⾓位置觀察到第 4 級亮紋
𝑑 sin 𝜃 = 𝑛𝜆
0.01
𝜆" = 5000 sin 90
4
𝜆" = 500 𝑛𝑚 [1]
In order to observe 7 bright fringes,
The maximum value of 𝜆 is 667 nm, the minimum value of 𝜆 is greater than 500 nm
為觀察 7 條亮紋，
λ 的最⼤值為 667 nm，λ 的最⼩值⼤於 500 nm
(inequalities can be used to solve the problem as well)

Dse.phy.siumasir 10
⼩⾺ sir
 Giveaway Mock
Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme

9.

Corrected light ray 正確光線 × 3

Mark arrow on light ray 正確箭咀⽅向 [4]

Dse.phy.siumasir 11
⼩⾺ sir
 Giveaway Mock
Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme

9.
(a) The bulb flashes once at the moment the switch is closed. [1]
When the switch is closed, current flows in the primary coils, magnetic field is produced. The secondary
coils experience an increase in magnetic flux, emf is induced in secondary coils, [1]
current flows through the bulb. Therefore, the bulb lit.
After a while, there is no change in magnetic flux in secondary coils. No emf is induced. [1]
So the bulb does not lit

開關閉合時燈泡會閃爍⼀次。 [1]
當開關閉合時，電流在原線圈中流動，產⽣磁場。
副線圈的磁通量增加，在副線圈中感⽣出電動勢，感⽣電流流過燈泡。因此，燈泡亮了。 [1]
⼀段時間後，副線圈中的磁通量沒有再變化。沒有感⽣電動勢。所以燈泡不亮。 [1]

(b)
𝑃=> × 85% = 𝑃?@A Even the efficiency is not [1]
𝑉B 𝐼B × 85% = 12 equal to 100%

!" E( F(
𝐼B = ""2×45% = is still applied
E) F)

= 0.06417 𝐴
= 0.0642 𝐴 The bulb still works at rated
𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 = √2𝐼0.D power.
= √2 × 0.0642 Input power is higher than
= 0.0908 𝐴 output [1]

(d) 𝐼B is lower than before [1]

𝐼B ⽐之前低
(remarks: The efficiency of the transformer increases, the input power is smaller while the output power
remains the same)

Dse.phy.siumasir 12
⼩⾺ sir
 Giveaway Mock
Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme

11. (a)(i)
When the rotor starts to rotate, the air blow downward by the rotor.
By Newton’s 3rd law, a upward reaction force acts on the rotor by the air. [1]
When the upward reaction force is greater than the weight of the drone,
it accelerates upward and then taking off [1]
當旋翼開始旋轉時，空氣被轉⼦向下吹。
根據⽜頓第三定律，向上的反作⽤⼒通過空氣作⽤在旋翼上。 [1]
當向上的反作⽤⼒⼤於航拍機的重量時，它會向上加速然後起飛 [1]

Upward force acting on the drone by the air

由空氣施加到航拍機的向上升⼒
(ii)

Weight of drone
航拍機的重量
Correct arrows and correct names [1]

(iii) AC [1]

.
(b)(i) 𝐹 = A
𝑣
= (0.45)(0.4) [1]
= 0.18 𝑁

Upward force by 4 rotors 4 個轉⼦的向上⼒

= 4 × 0.18 = 0.72 𝑁

𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
0.72 − 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑚𝑎 [1]
0.72 − 0.06 × 9.81 = 0.06 𝑎
𝑎 = 2.19 𝑚𝑠 '" [1]

(ii)
𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 [1]
25 = 0 + 2.19 𝑡
𝑡 = 11.4 𝑠 [1]

Dse.phy.siumasir 13
⼩⾺ sir
 Giveaway Mock
Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme

12.
(a) 𝑋 = 56 [1]
Atomic number / number of protons
原⼦數 / 質⼦數⺫ [1]

"85
(b) The neutrons released in the nuclear reaction continue splitting other G"𝑈 nuclei. [1]
"85
核反應中所釋放的中⼦繼續分裂其他 G"𝑈 原⼦核。 [1]

(c) Method 1: (Preferable Method)

Number of U-235 in 2 × 10'5 kg,

"×!2*
=
"85.2;8G×!.::!×!2&"'

= 5.122 × 10!G [1]

𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑓𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛

每次裂變釋放的能量
= 0.1928 × 931 × 10: × 1.6 × 10'!G
= 2.8719 × 10'!! J [1]

𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑
釋放的能量
= 5.122 × 10!G × 2.8719 × 10'!! × (3600 × 24)
= 1.27 × 10!; J [1]

Method 2
Mass difference in the nuclear reaction
核反應的質量差異
= (235.0439 + 1.0087) - (89.9195 + 143.9229 + 2 ´ 1.0087)
= 0.1928 u

Total energy output

總能量輸出
= Dmc2 ´ (3600 ´ 24)
2.!G"4
=w2 × 10'5 × X"85.2;8GYx × (3 × 104 )" × (3600 × 24)

= 1.28 ´ 1014 J

Dse.phy.siumasir 14
⼩⾺ sir
 Giveaway Mock
Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme

*> "
(b)(i) 𝑘 =
A!
"
*> "
= H.284×!2%
𝑘 = 9.8486 × 10'!2 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 '! [1]

(ii)
2.!
No. of U-235 = = 2.5614 × 10"8 [1]
"85.2;8G×!.::!×!2&"'

𝐴 = 𝑘𝑁,
𝐴 = (9.8486 × 10'!2 )(2.5614 × 10"8 ) = 2.5226 × 10!; decays per year

Thus, number of decayed nuclei

因此，衰變核數
= 5.0452 × 10!;
= 5.05 × 10!; [1]

Dse.phy.siumasir 15
⼩⾺ sir
 Giveaway Mock
Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme

13.
(a)
The gas particles move randomly
The gas particles have negligible volume.
The gas particles are equally sized and do not have intermolecular forces (attraction or repulsion) with other
gas particles.
Collison between the gas particles is elastic
氣體粒⼦隨機移動
氣體粒⼦的體積可以忽略不計。
氣體粒⼦的⼤⼩相同，並且與其他氣體粒⼦不具有分⼦⼒（吸引⼒或排斥⼒）
。
氣體粒⼦之間的碰撞是有彈性的
Any 2 of above [2]

(b)
number of mole of gas particle 氣體粒⼦的摩爾數
2.22"5;
= = 0.635 𝑚𝑜𝑙 [1]
2.22;

𝑃𝑉 =𝑛𝑅𝑇
IE
𝑇=
>J

!2* ×2.2!5G
=
2.:85×4.8!

= 301.3 𝐾 [1]

(c)
Temperature increases,
the average kinetic energy increases, [1]
the momentum of gas particle and
the frequency of collision increases. [1]
A force is exerted on the balloon by the gas particles, so the balloon expands [1]

溫度升⾼，平均動能增加，氣體粒⼦的動量和碰撞頻率增加。 [1]
氣體粒⼦對氣球施加⼒，因此氣球膨脹 [1]
隨著體積的增加，碰撞頻率降低。 [1]
氣球的壓⼒等於⼤氣壓
氣球停⽌膨脹。

Dse.phy.siumasir 16
⼩⾺ sir
 Giveaway Mock
Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme

(d)

𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇
Pressure is constant
壓⼒不變

𝑉∝𝑇 [1]

E+ K+
XEY = XKY

𝑉 < = 1.162 𝑉

E + 'E
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = × 100% = 16.2% [1]
E

Dse.phy.siumasir 17
⼩⾺ sir
 Giveaway Mock
Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme

14.
(a)(i) 1. 𝑃LM( = 1.13 𝑊
2. 1.5 V

E"
(ii) 𝑃=
J

(1.5)"
𝑅=
1.13
= 1.9911
= 1.99 Ω

(iii) when the voltage across R is 1.5 V, the voltage across r is 1.5 V
As the voltage across the resistor is directly proportional to the resistance (𝑉 ∝ 𝑅) [1]
Therefore, the value of r and R are the same at this situation
𝑟 = 𝑅 = 1.99 Ω [1]

當 R 兩端的電壓為 1.5 V 時，R 兩端的電壓為 1.5 V

由於電阻兩端的電壓與電阻成正⽐ (𝑉 ∝ 𝑅) [1]
因此，在這種情況下，r 和 R 的值是相同的
𝑟 = 𝑅 = 1.99 𝛺 [1]

(b) two values of voltage = 1.12 V, 1.90 V

When V = 1.90 V, the efficiency of the power output of the resistor R [1]

E"
By 𝑃 = J
, the power dissipated in r will be smaller, which is a power loss in this circuit. [1]

兩個電壓值 = 1.12 V, 1.90 V

當 V = 1.90 V 時，電阻 R 的功率輸出效率 [1]

E"
根據 𝑃 = J
,，r 中耗散的功率會更⼩，這是該電路中的功率損耗。 [1]

Dse.phy.siumasir 18
⼩⾺ sir
 Giveaway Mock
Suggested Solution and Marking Scheme

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Dse.phy.siumasir 19
⼩⾺ sir