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Input/Output (I/O) Section

The document outlines the various input/output (I/O) modules and their functions within a PLC system, including encoder-counter modules, basic ASCII modules, and stepper-motor modules. It details the specifications and characteristics of discrete and analog I/O modules, as well as memory types such as ROM, RAM, and EEPROM. Additionally, it describes the CPU's role in executing programs and managing communication with other modules.

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5 views2 pages

Input/Output (I/O) Section

The document outlines the various input/output (I/O) modules and their functions within a PLC system, including encoder-counter modules, basic ASCII modules, and stepper-motor modules. It details the specifications and characteristics of discrete and analog I/O modules, as well as memory types such as ROM, RAM, and EEPROM. Additionally, it describes the CPU's role in executing programs and managing communication with other modules.

Uploaded by

delacalzadagm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Input/Output (I/O) section - connects all field ENCODER-COUNTER MODULE - designed to

devices to the CPU and acts as the interface between interface with encoder devices and count
them pulses generated by them.

Output interface - convert controller signals into BASIC OR ASCII MODULE - refers to a type of
external signals to control the machine or process. input/output module designed to handle data
in ASCII format or to interface with devices
input interface - communicates status information that communicate using basic serial
about processes to the CPU, enabling the CPU to send communication protocols.
operating signals through the output interface to
control the process devices. STEPPER-MOTOR MODULE – are electromechanical
devices that convert electrical pulses into
Rack - structure within the housing where the precise mechanical movements. They are
modules are mounted. commonly used in applications that require
precise positioning or control, such as CNC
Fiber Optic Cable - operate I/O points from distances machines, 3D printers, robotics, and
greater than 20 miles with no voltage drop automation systems.
Coaxial cable - more susceptible to noise caused by high PID MODULE - designed to implement
power lines or equipment normally found in an Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control
industrial environment algorithms.
Addressing - a label or number that indicates where a MOTION AND POSITION CONTROL MODULE - is a
certain piece of information is located in a PLC’s specialized hardware component designed to
memory handle precise control of motion-related
tasks, such as controlling the position,
Type - if an input or output is being addressed.
velocity, and acceleration of motors or
Slot - the physical location of the I/O module actuators.

Word and Slot - are used to identify the actual terminal


connection in a particular I/O module I/O Specifications - refer to the characteristics
and capabilities of the input and output
modules used in a PLC system.
Discrete I/O Modules - connecting to ON/OFF nature
field input devices like selector switches and limit Typical Discrete I/O Module Specifications
switches NOMINAL INPUT VOLTAGE - refers to the expected
Sinking - If a device receives current when it is ON or rated voltage level that a device or system
is designed to operate with.
Sourcing - If a device provides current when it is ON
INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGES - refer to the voltage
Analog I/O Modules - represent physical quantities that levels at which a digital input signal is
can have an infinite number of values recognized as either a logical high (1) or
logical low (0) by a circuit or device.
Analog voltage input modules two types:
NOMINAL CURRENT PER INPUT - refers to the
Unipolar - input signal that varies in the positive expected or rated current that each input
direction only. 0 to +10V module of the PLC can handle under normal
Bipolar - swing between a maximum negative value and operating conditions.
a maximum positive value. −10 to +10 V INPUT ON/OFF DELAY - commonly used in PLC
programming to manage timing-related
aspects of control systems, ensuring that
Special I/O Modules inputs and outputs respond appropriately to
changes in the process being controlled.
HIGH-SPEED COUNTER MODULE - designed to count
input signals at very high speeds with INRUSH CURRENT - is a quick burst of electricity when
precision and accuracy turning on devices like lights or motors

THUMBWHEEL MODULE - type of input module SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION - is a mechanism


that allows users to input data using designed to prevent damage to electrical
thumbwheels circuits and equipment in the event of a
short circuit
Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL) MODULE - type
of digital signaling used to represent binary LEAKAGE CURRENT - refers to the small amount
data in electronic circuits. of electric current that flows through an
insulating material or across the surface of a Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs) - a user interface
conductive material even when there is no or dashboard that connects a person to a
intended path for current to flow machine, system, or device.

Typical Analog I/O Module Specifications

INPUT PROTECTION - refers to measures taken to


safeguard the input circuits from potential
damage due to electrical faults, transients, or
other hazards.

RESOLUTION – define the current or voltage signal


ranges that a particular analog output module is
designed to output under program control.

COMMON-MODE REJECTION - a measure of a


system's ability to reject interference or
noise that is common to both input lines.

The Central Processing Unit (CPU)

CPU section - executes the program and makes the


decisions needed by the PLC to operate and
communicate with other modules

memory section - electronically stores the PLC program


along with other retrievable digital information.

Hold-up time - the length of time a PLC can tolerate a


power loss, typically ranges from 10 ms to 3 s

Memory Design

memory - the element that stores information,


programs, and data in a PLC

writing - Data are stored in memory locations by a


process

reading - Data are retrieved from memory by what is


referred to

Memory Types

Read Only Memory (ROM) - data cannot be changed


after the memory chip has been manufactured.

Random Access Memory (RAM) - the data stored in


RAM will be lost if power is lost

Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM) -


are designed so that data stored in them can be read,
but not easily altered without special equipment.

Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory


(EEPROM) - can be electrically overwritten with new
data instead of being erased with ultraviolet light

Flash EEPROMs - Similar to EEPROMs in that they can


only be used for backup storage

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