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The French Revolution

The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a significant political and social upheaval that resulted in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic, driven by economic hardship and Enlightenment ideas. Key events included the formation of the National Assembly, the storming of the Bastille, and the execution of King Louis XVI, culminating in the rise of Napoleon. The revolution ended the monarchy, inspired global nationalism, and initiated social reforms, laying the groundwork for modern democracy.

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28 views2 pages

The French Revolution

The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a significant political and social upheaval that resulted in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic, driven by economic hardship and Enlightenment ideas. Key events included the formation of the National Assembly, the storming of the Bastille, and the execution of King Louis XVI, culminating in the rise of Napoleon. The revolution ended the monarchy, inspired global nationalism, and initiated social reforms, laying the groundwork for modern democracy.

Uploaded by

jeremyfernandezasmat
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The French Revolution: A Brief Investigation

The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a period of political and social upheaval that led to the
overthrow of the monarchy, the rise of radical political movements, and the establishment of a
republic. It was driven by economic hardship, Enlightenment ideas, and dissatisfaction with the
ruling class.

1. Causes of the Revolution

Several long-term and immediate causes led to the revolution:

Economic Crisis

 France was heavily in debt due to wars, including the American Revolution (1775–
1783).
 A tax system that burdened the poor while exempting the nobility and clergy.
 Poor harvests (1787–1789) led to food shortages and rising bread prices.

Social Inequality (The Three Estates System)

 Society was divided into three estates:


o First Estate: Clergy (exempt from taxes)
o Second Estate: Nobility (also exempt from taxes)
o Third Estate: Commoners (peasants, merchants, and workers), who paid all the
taxes.

Weak Monarchy

 King Louis XVI was indecisive and out of touch with the people's struggles.
 His wife, Marie Antoinette, was unpopular, symbolizing royal extravagance.

Enlightenment Ideas

 Thinkers like Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu inspired people to question


monarchy and advocate for liberty, equality, and democracy.

2. Key Events of the Revolution

The Estates-General and the National Assembly (1789)

 The Estates-General was called for the first time in 175 years to address the financial
crisis.
 The Third Estate broke away and formed the National Assembly, declaring itself the true
representative of the people.

Storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789)

 A Parisian mob stormed the Bastille prison, a symbol of royal tyranny, marking the start
of the revolution.

The Abolition of Feudal Privileges (August 1789)

 The National Assembly ended feudalism and issued the Declaration of the Rights of
Man and of the Citizen, guaranteeing freedom and equality.

Execution of the King and the Reign of Terror (1793–1794)

 King Louis XVI was executed in January 1793, followed by Marie Antoinette in
October.
 The Reign of Terror, led by Robespierre, saw thousands executed by guillotine,
including nobles, clergy, and revolutionaries suspected of treason.

Rise of Napoleon (1799)

 After years of instability, Napoleon Bonaparte staged a coup d'état in 1799, ending the
revolution and establishing himself as leader of France.

3. Consequences of the Revolution

 End of monarchy: France became a republic.


 Rise of nationalism: Inspired other revolutions worldwide.
 Social reforms: Abolished feudalism and promoted equality under the law.
 Napoleonic Wars: Led to French expansion and conflicts across Europe.

Conclusion

The French Revolution was a turning point in world history, dismantling the monarchy and
reshaping European politics. Though it led to violence and instability, it laid the foundation for
modern democracy and civil rights.

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