Scribd
Upload
13 views9 pages

Lab Session 08

The document outlines a lab session aimed at determining the performance curves of a single cylinder, four-stroke petrol engine under constant load conditions. It details the engine specifications, theoretical background comparing petrol and diesel fuels, and the procedure for conducting the experiment, including calculations for various engine parameters. Observations and comments highlight the relationships between load and engine performance metrics such as torque, power, and efficiency.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views9 pages

Lab Session 08

The document outlines a lab session aimed at determining the performance curves of a single cylinder, four-stroke petrol engine under constant load conditions. It details the engine specifications, theoretical background comparing petrol and diesel fuels, and the procedure for conducting the experiment, including calculations for various engine parameters. Observations and comments highlight the relationships between load and engine performance metrics such as torque, power, and efficiency.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Lab Session 08

Objective:
To determine the engine performance curves of a single cylinder, four stroke petrol engine at
constant load.
Apparatus:
Engine Test Bed coupled with Petrol Engine of model EY 28D.

Petrol Engine Specifications:


Model: EY 28D
Brand: Robin Engines
Bore: 75 mm
Stroke: 62 mm
Piston Displacement: 273 cc (cm3)
Maximum Output: 5.595 KW/4000rp
Maximum Torque: 13.734 Nm/2800rp
Fuel: Automobile Gasoline
Lubricant: Automobile Oil Class SC
Spark Plug: NGK, BP-6 HS
Starting System: Recoil Starter
Ignition System: Flywheel Magneto type
Carburetor: Horizontal Draft, Float type
Cooling System: Forced Air Cooling

Diagram:
Theoretical Background:

Differences between Petrol and Diesel as a fuel:

Petrol (Gasoline): Primarily consists of Diesel: Comprises longer hydrocarbon


hydrocarbons with shorter carbon chains. It is chains. It is denser and less volatile than
a lighter liquid and tends to evaporate more petrol, with a higher boiling point. Diesel fuel
easily than diesel. Petrol also contains may also contain additives for lubricity and
additives to enhance combustion and cetane improvement.
performance.

Petrol: Requires an external ignition source, Diesel: Utilizes compression ignition. Diesel
typically provided by spark plugs. Petrol engines rely on the high temperature and
engines use a spark-ignition system to initiate pressure generated during the compression
combustion. stroke to ignite the fuel spontaneously.

Petrol: Generally has a lower compression Diesel: Operates with higher compression
ratio compared to diesel. The lower ratios. The high compression is necessary for
compression ratio is suitable for preventing achieving the temperatures required for
premature ignition (knocking) in petrol spontaneous ignition of diesel fuel.
engines.

Petrol: Has a lower energy density compared Diesel: Offers a higher energy density,
to diesel. Despite this, petrol engines often providing more energy per unit volume.
achieve higher RPM and can produce more Diesel engines are known for their fuel
power at higher speeds. efficiency and torque at lower RPM.

Petrol: Generally provides lower fuel Known for superior fuel efficiency. Diesel
efficiency compared to diesel. Petrol engines engines can deliver more mileage per gallon
are often associated with higher fuel of fuel, making them preferred for
consumption, especially under heavy loads. applications with high fuel demand, such as
commercial vehicles.

Commonly used in passenger cars, Predominantly used in trucks, buses, heavy-


motorcycles, and light-duty vehicles. Petrol duty vehicles, industrial machinery, and some
engines are favored for their smooth passenger vehicles. Diesel engines excel in
performance at higher RPM. applications requiring high torque and fuel
efficiency.

Petrol: Generally produces lower nitrogen Diesel: Tends to emit higher levels of NOx
oxides (NOx) and particulate matter and particulate matter. Modern diesel engines
emissions compared to diesel. However, are equipped with emission control
petrol engines may emit higher levels of technologies to meet stringent environmental
carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic standards.
compounds (VOCs).
Procedure:

1. Install the diesel engine on test bed and run the engine.
2. Increase the engine throttle gradually to obtain almost full throttle condition with a speedof
approximately 2800-3000 rpm or set any desired speed able to bear a particular value of load.
3. Now gradually increase/vary the load on engine. The load which is applied on the engine is
the electrical load which is applied by Eddy current Dynamometer.
4. Keep on increasing the engine load to obtain the different engine parameters at different loads.
5. Calculate different engine parameters and then draw the graphs between load (x-axis) and;
(a) Torque (b) Brake Power (d) Fuel Consumption (f) Thermal Efficiency
(c) Volumetric (e) Air Fuel Ratio (g) Brake Mean
Efficiency Effective Pressure

Observation & Calculations:

Brake Power (Watt)


Brake Power = B.P
Where;
N = Revolution (RPM) of crankshaft T = Torque (Nm)

Fuel Consumption (Fuel flow rate) (kg/sec)


Fuel Consumption (Fuel flow rate) =
Where;
mi = Initial mass of the fuel (kg)
mf = Final mass of the fuel (kg) t = Time (s)

Specific Fuel Consumption (kg/kWh)


Specific Fuel Consumption= SFC
Where;
FC = Fuel consumption (kg/hr)
B.P = Brake Power (kW)

Displacement Volume (m3)


Displacement Volume = Vd ; b = Bore = 75mm = 0.075m
s = Stroke = 60mm = 0.060m ; Number of cylinder = 1

Brake Mean Effective Pressure (kPa)


Brake Mean Effective Pressure = BMEP =
Where;
B.P = Brake Power (kW) N = RPM of
crankshaft / 60 Vd = Displacement Volume =
265 cm3 = 0.000265 m3

Volume Flow Rate of Air (m3/s)


Volume flow
rate of air
Where;
∆P = Differential Pressure of air across the
orifice (N/m2) ρ = Density of Air = 1.225 kg/m3
d = D2/D1 ; (D1 ˃ D2)
D1 = 93 mm = 0.093 m; D2 = 15 mm = 0.015 m
Cf = 0.63 (Coefficient of flow); ρ = Density of Air = 1.225 kg/m3;

Mass Flow Rate of Air (kg/sec)


Mass Flow Rate of Air = = Volume flow rate of air*Air Density = Qa
*1.225 Where;
Qa = Volume Flow Rate of Air

Air to Fuel ratio


Air to Fuel ratio = A/F = Mass Flow Rate of Air (kg/sec) /Fuel Flow Rate (kg/sec)

Volumetric Efficiency (%age)


Volumetric Efficiency = ηv = (Actual Air Intake/Theoretical Air Intake) x 100
= (Volume Flow Rate of Air) x 100/Displacement Volume x Engine Revolution
= [ Qa / (Vd x
N) ] x 100
Where;
Vd = Displacement Volume =
0.000265 m3; N = Rpm/60

Brake Thermal Efficiency (%age)


Brake Thermal Efficiency = ηb.th =

Where;
B.P = Brake Power (kW); C.V = Calorific Value of diesel=43000 kJ/kg
F.C = Fuel Consumption (kg/sec)
Graphs:

1. Power VS Speed:

Figure 1 Power VS Speed

2. Torque VS Speed:

Figure 2 Torque VS Speed


3. S.F.C VS Speed:

Figure 3 S.F.C VS Speed

4. Volumetric Efficiency VS Speed:

Figure 4 Volumetric Efficiency VS Speed


5. BMEP VS Speed:

Figure 5 BMEP VS Speed

6. Brake thermal Efficiency VS Speed:

Figure 6 Brake thermal Efficeincy VS Speed


7. Air fuel ratio VS Speed:

Figure 7 Air fuel ratio VS Speed


Comments:
 Speed decreases as load increases due to higher torque demand.
 Torque increases with load to overcome resistance and maintain motion.
 Power rises with load up to a maximum, then stabilizes or decreases due to inefficiencies.
 Specific fuel consumption decreases initially with load, then rises at high loads due to
inefficiencies.
 Volumetric efficiency increases initially with load, then plateaus or decreases slightly at
high loads.
 Air-fuel ratio decreases with load, requiring a richer mixture to prevent knocking and
produce sufficient energy.
 Brake mean effective pressure increases with load, reflecting higher effective piston
pressure.
 Brake efficiency improves with moderate loads but declines at high loads due to friction
and thermal losses.

You might also like