Dua for Knowledge

‫ب ِز ْدﻧِﻲ ِﻋ ْﻠ ًﻤﺎ‬
ِ ّ ‫ﱠر‬
Meaning: "My Lord, increase me in knowledge."

‫ﺴﺎ ِﻧﻲ ﯾَ ْﻔﻘَ ُﮭﻮا ﻗَ ْﻮ ِﻟﻲ‬

َ ‫ﻋ ْﻘ َﺪةً ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﻟ‬ ْ ‫ﺴ ِْﺮ ِﻟﻲ أ َ ْﻣ ِﺮي َو‬
ُ ‫اﺣﻠُ ْﻞ‬ ّ َ‫ﺻﺪ ِْري َوﯾ‬
َ ‫ب اﺷ َْﺮحْ ِﻟﻲ‬
ِ ّ ‫َر‬
Meaning: “My Lord, expand for me my breast [with assurance] and ease for me my task and untie the
knot from my tongue that they may understand my speech.”

Kalimah Tayyibah (‫)ﻛﻠﻤﺔ طﯿﺒﺔ‬

ُ ‫َﻻ ِإ ٰﻟﮫَ ِإ ﱠﻻ ﱣ ُ ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ٌﺪ َر‬
‫ﺳﻮ ُل ﱣ‬
Meaning: "There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah."

Kalimah Shahadah (‫)ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﻟﺸﮭﺎدة‬

ُ‫ﺳﻮﻟُﮫ‬ ْ َ ‫ﺷ َﮭ ُﺪ أ َ ْن َﻻ إِ ٰﻟﮫَ ِإ ﱠﻻ ﱣ ُ َوأ‬
َ ‫ﺷ َﮭ ُﺪ أ َ ﱠن ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻤﺪًا‬
ُ ‫ﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪهُ َو َر‬ ْ َ‫أ‬
Meaning: "I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His
servant and Messenger."

Imani Mufassal (‫)إﯾﻤﺎن ﻣﻔﺼﻞ‬

ِ ‫ﺳ ِﻠ ِﮫ َوا ْﻟﯿَ ْﻮ ِم ْاﻵ ِﺧ ِﺮ َوا ْﻟﻘَﺪ َِر َﺧ ْﯿ ِﺮ ِه َوﺷ ِ َّﺮ ِه ِﻣ َﻦ ﱣ‬ ُ ‫آ َﻣ ْﻨﺖُ ِﺑﺎ ﱣ ِ َو َﻣ َﻼﺋِ َﻜﺘِ ِﮫ َو ُﻛﺘ ُ ِﺒ ِﮫ َو ُر‬
‫ت‬ ِ ‫ﺗَﻌَ ٰﺎﻟﻰ َوا ْﻟﺒَ ْﻌ‬
ِ ‫ﺚ ﺑَ ْﻌ َﺪ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻮ‬
Meaning: "I believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and in destiny —
both its good and bad aspects — from Allah the Most High, and in life after death."

Kalimah Tamjeed (‫)ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺗﻤﺠﯿﺪ‬

ِ ‫ﺎن ﱣ ِ َوا ْﻟ َﺤ ْﻤ ُﺪ ِ ﱣ ِ َو َﻻ إِ ٰﻟﮫَ إِ ﱠﻻ ﱣ ُ َو ﱣ ُ أ َ ْﻛﺒَ ُﺮ َو َﻻ َﺣ ْﻮ َل َو َﻻ ﻗُ ﱠﻮةَ إِ ﱠﻻ ِﺑﺎ ﱣ‬
َ ‫ﺳ ْﺒ َﺤ‬
ُ
ِ ‫ا ْﻟﻌَ ِﻠ ِّﻲ ا ْﻟﻌَ ِﻈ‬
‫ﯿﻢ‬
Meaning: "Glory be to Allah, all praise is for Allah, there is no god but Allah, and Allah is the
Greatest. There is no power and no strength except with Allah, the Most High, the Great."

SOME FUNDAMENTALS OF ISLAMIC BELIEF

Pillars of Islam: Islam is built on five pillars: Kalimah, Salah, Sawm, Hajj and Zakat
Allah: The Almighty Lord we worship, who creates and judges our deeds on the Day of Judgment. He is
eternal, all-seeing, and all-hearing, with no partners.
Prophets and Messengers: Allah sent prophets, including the final prophet, Muhammad (peace be
upon him), to guide humanity and establish justice. Some are 1. Noah 2. Ibrahim 3. Musa 4. Isa (A)
Qur'an: The holy book revealed to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) through Angel Jibril
(Gabriel), containing guidance for life. It includes 104 scriptures: 100 scrolls and 4 main books: Tawrat
(Torah), Zabur (Psalms), Injil (Gospel), and Qur'an.

1
Hadith: Sayings, actions, or approvals of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Fard (Obligatory): Commands from the Qur'an and Hadith, like the five daily prayers and Sawm.
Wajib (Necessary): Actions endorsed by the Prophet with warnings for neglect, such as the Witr
Sunnah Mu'akkadah: Regularly performed acts by the Prophet, like certain Sunnah prayers.
Sunnah Ghair Mu'akkadah: Occasionally omitted acts by the Prophet, like Sunnah before Asr prayer.
Mustahab (Recommended): Actions rewarded if performed, but not sinful if omitted.

Method of Making Wudu (Ablution)

1. Intending (niyyah) in your heart to perform Wudu for Allah.
2. Saying 'Bismillah' (In the name of Allah).
3. Washing hands up to the wrists three times, ensuring water reaches between fingers.
4. Rinsing mouth three times, swirling water inside.
5. Cleaning nostrils by inhaling water lightly and blowing it out three times.
6. Washing face three times, covering from hairline to chin and ear to ear.
7. Washing arms up to the elbows three times, starting with the right arm.
8. Wiping head with wet hands from front to back and back to front.
9. Wiping ears inside and out with the same wet hands.
10.Washing feet up to the ankles three times ensuring water reaches between toes.
11.Dua after Wudu: 'Ashhadu alla ilaha illallah waashadu anna Muhammadan abduhu wa rasuluhu.'

4 Farz (Obligatory Acts) of Wudu

12.Washing the face once.
13.Washing both arms including the elbows once.
14.Wiping a quarter of the head (Masah).
15.Washing the feet up to and including the ankles once.

Method of Making Tayammum (Dry Ablution)

16.Intending (niyyah) to perform Tayammum in place of Wudu.
17.Saying 'Bismillah' (In the name of Allah).
18.Striking both hands lightly on clean earth or dust and wiping your face once with both
hands.
19.Striking both hands on the earth again and wiping your right arm with the left hand
and your left arm with the right hand, up to the elbows.

Method of Taking Bath (Ghusl)

20.1. Make the intention (niyyah) in your heart to perform Ghusl for purification.
21.2. Wash your body and privatje parts thoroughly to remove any impurities.
22.3. Perform a complete Wudu, as you would for prayer.
23.4. Pour water over your entire body, ensuring water reaches all parts.
24.5. Rub your body to ensure that water reaches every part, including the hair and skin.

2
 3 Farz (obligatory acts) of Ghusl
25.Rinsing the mouth thoroughly, ensuring water reaches all parts of the mouth.
26.Rinsing the nostrilsby taking water into the nostrils and blowing it out.
27.Washing the entire body such that no part of the body remains dry.

7 Reasons for Nullifying Wudu:

28.Anything exiting from the private parts.
29.Vomiting a mouthful.
30.Blood, pus, or water flowing from any part of the body.
31.Spitting that has an equal or greater amount of blood.
32.Falling fast asleep.
33.Being insane, intoxicated, or unconscious.
34.Laughing loudly during prayer (Salah).

5 preconditions (Shuroot) of Salat (prayer)

35.Purity of body, cloth & place (Taharah):
36.Proper Clothing (Satr-al-Awrah): For men, the area from the navel to the knees must
be covered. For women, the entire body except the face, hands, and feet must be
covered.
37.Correct Time (Waqt):
38.Facing the Qiblah (Direction):
39.Intention (Niyyah):

6 Farz inside Salat that must be performed

40.Takbeer-e-Tahreema (Allahu Akbar)
41.Qiyam (Standing Position)
42.Qira'at (Recitation)
43.Ruku (Bowing)
44.2 Sujoods (Prostration)
45.Qa'dah Akhira (Final Sitting)

14 Wajib Acts of Prayer

(Mas'alah: If a wajib act is unintentionally missed during prayer, the prayer remains valid if prostration of
forgetfulness (Sajdah-e-Sahu) is performed. If intentionally omitted, the prayer must be repeated. How to
Perform: After completing the Tashahhud in the last sitting , the person should say "Allahu Akbar" and perform
two sujud and then complete his Salat.)
46.Reciting full Alhamdulillah (Surah Al-Fatiha).
47.Reciting a Surah after Surah Al-Fatiha.
48.Allowing sufficient time in Sajdah and Ruku.
49.Standing straight after ruku and delaying.
50.Sitting straight between prostrations and delaying.
51.Sitting in the 2nd Rakat of a 4 Rakat prayer.
52.Reciting At-Tahiyyat while sitting.

3
53.Reciting Quran quietly in Juhar and Asar, loudly in the first two Rakats of Fazar,
Magrib, and Isha for Imam.
54.Reciting Dua of Qunoot in Witr prayer.
55.Saying six Takbirs in Eid prayer.
56.Reciting a Surah after Surah Fatiha in the first two Rakats of each Farz prayer.
57.Maintaining proper order of Wajib acts in each Rakat.
58.Maintaining proper order of Farz acts in each Rakat.
59.Concluding with "As-Salamu Alaikum."
6 Sunnah Mu'akkadah Acts of Prayer
1. Raising both hands.
2. Placing both hands on the chest.
3. Reciting Sana, A'udhu billah, Bismillah and Ameen after Alhamdulillah.
4. Saying Allahu Akbar during every rising and sitting and Sami' Allahu liman Hamidah,
Rabbana lakal hamd when rising from Ruku
5. Reciting the Tasbih in Ruku and Sajdah.
6. Reciting Darood Sharif and Dua-e-Masura in last sitting.

10 Reasons for Invalidating Prayer

60.Incorrect recitation in prayer.
61.speaking during prayer, including giving and responding to Salam or sneeze and
responding to news with Alhamdulillah or Innalillah, etc.
62.Making sounds unnecessarily, laughing, coughing unreasonably, or making sounds of
pain.
63.Excessive movements.
64.Uncovered Satar for a long time.
65.Imam receiving corrections from outside other than Musallis.
66.Turning away from Qibla.
67.Reading seeing the Quran during prayer.
68.Eating or drinking during prayer.
69.Standing in front of the Imam as a follower.

Time of The Five Daily Obligatory Prayers

1. Fajr: From Subh-e-Sadiq (white line in the sky) until just before sunrise.
2. Zuhr: After the sun passes its zenith until an object's shadow is twice its length. On
Fridays, two Rakats of Jummah prayer are performed instead.
3. Asr: from the end of the Dhuhr prayer until the sun begins to set. The preferred time
to pray Asr is before the sun turns yellow. It is makruh when The sun turns yellow.
4. Maghrib: Immediately after sunset until the red twilight in the west.
5. Isha: From one and a half hours after Maghrib until one-third of the night; can be
prayed until half the night, after which it becomes Makruh.
6. Witr: Follows Isha and cannot be performed without it.

4
 PRAYER UNITS (RAKATS)
1. Fajr: 2 Sunnah, 2 Farz | Total: 4 Rakats
2. Zuhr: 4 Sunnah, 4 Farz, 2 Sunnah, 2 Nafl | Total: 12 Rakats
3. Asr: 4 Nafl, 4 Farz | Total: 8 Rakats
4. Maghrib: 3 Farz, 2 Sunnah, 6 Nafl | Total: 11 Rakats
5. Isha: 4 Nafl, 4 Farz, 2 Sunnah, 2 Nafl | Total: 12 Rakats
6. Witr: 3 Wajib Rakats, followed by 2 Nafl (preferable) | Obligatory to recite
Dua-eQunoot in the third Rakat before bowing, while hands are folded.
7. Jummah: 4 Sunnah, 2 Farz, 4 Sunnah, 2 Nafl | Total: 12 Rakats
8. Tarawih: Performed only in Ramadan after Isha and before Witr | Total: 20 Rakats.

EID SALAH
The Eid prayer consists of two Rakats, with the addition of six Takbirs. Here is a step-by-step guide
1. Intention: Make the intention to perform the Eid prayer.
2. Beginning the Prayer: The Imam starts with Takbir (Allahu Akbar). Raise your
hands to your ears, then place them on your navel and recite Thana.
3. Takbirs: The Imam recites Takbir three times. For the first two, raise your hands to
your ears and then lower them. For the third, place your hands on your navel.
4. Recitation: After the Takbirs, listen quietly as the Imam recites from the Qur’an.
Continue the raka'ah as usual.
5. Second Raka'ah: After rising, listen quietly as the Imam recites from the Qur’an.
6. Takbirs before Ruku': The Imam recites three Takbirs before bowing. Raise your
hands to your ears and lower them after each.
7. Ruku': After the three Takbirs, the Imam says a fourth Takbir for Ruku’. Bow down
saying ‘Allahu Akbar’. Continue the Salah as usual.
8. Khutba: Imam will say Khutba after Salat. Musallis must listen to it.

DUAS IN SALAT
1. Takbir e Tahrima: (‫" )ﷲ أﻛﺒﺮ‬Allah is the Greatest"
َ َ‫ َو َﻻ إِﻟَﮫ‬، َ‫ َوﺗَﻌَﺎﻟَﻰ َﺟﺪﱡك‬، َ‫ﺳ ُﻤﻚ‬
2. Thana: َ‫ﻏ ْﯿ ُﺮك‬ َ َ‫ َوﺗَﺒ‬، َ‫ﺳ ْﺒ َﺤﺎﻧَﻚَ اﻟﻠﱠ ُﮭ ﱠﻢ َو ِﺑ َﺤ ْﻤ ِﺪك‬
ْ ‫ﺎركَ ا‬ ُ
"Glory be to You, O Allah, and praise. Blessed is Your Name, and exalted is Your Majesty. There is no god besides You."

3. Ta‘awwudh: ‫اﻟﺮ ِﺟ ِﯿﻢ‬

‫ﺎن ﱠ‬ ‫أَﻋُﻮذُ ِﺑﺎ ﱠ ِ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠ‬
ِ ‫ﺸ ْﯿ َﻄ‬
"I seek refuge in Allah from the accursed Satan."

4. Bismillah: ‫اﻟﺮ ِﺣ ِﯿﻢ‬

‫اﻟﺮ ْﺣ َﻤ ٰـ ِﻦ ﱠ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻢ ﱠ ِ ﱠ‬
ْ ‫ِﺑ‬
"In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful."

5. Tasbih in Ruku: ‫ﺎن َر ِﺑّ َﻲ ا ْﻟﻌَ ِﻈ ِﯿﻢ‬ ُ "

َ ‫ﺳ ْﺒ َﺤ‬
“Glory be to my Lord, the Almighty."

5
6. Standing after Ruku: ‫ َرﺑﱠﻨَﺎ ﻟَﻚَ ا ْﻟ َﺤ ْﻤ ُﺪ‬،ُ‫ﺳ ِﻤ َﻊ ﱠ ُ ِﻟ َﻤ ْﻦ َﺣ َﻤ َﺪه‬
َ "
Allah hears the one who praises Him; our Lord, to You belongs all praise."
7. Tasbih in Sujud: ‫ﺎن َر ِﺑّ َﻲ ْاﻷ َ ْﻋﻠَﻰ‬
َ ‫ﺳ ْﺒ َﺤ‬
ُ "Glory be to my Lord, the Most High."

8. Between the Two Sijda: ‫ار ُز ْﻗ ِﻨﻲ‬ ْ ‫ب ا ْﻏ ِﻔ ْﺮ ِﻟﻲ َو‬

ْ ‫ار َﺣ ْﻤﻨِﻲ َو‬ ِ ّ ‫َر‬
"O Lord, forgive me, have mercy on me, and provide rizq for me."

9. Final Sitting (Tashahhud)

ِ ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿﻚَ أَﯾﱡ َﮭﺎ اﻟﻨﱠ ِﺒ ﱡﻲ َو َر ْﺣ َﻤﺔُ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﺴ َﻼ ُم‬
‫ اﻟ ﱠ‬، ُ‫ﻄ ِﯿّﺒَﺎت‬ ‫ﺼﻠَ َﻮاتُ َواﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺘ ﱠ ِﺤﯿﱠﺎتُ ِ ﱠ ِ َواﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ﺷ َﮭ ُﺪ أ َ ْن َﻻ إِﻟَﮫَ إِ ﱠﻻ‬
ْ َ ‫ أ‬،‫ﯿﻦ‬
َ ‫ﺼﺎ ِﻟ ِﺤ‬‫ﻋﻠَﻰ ِﻋﺒَﺎ ِد ﱠ ِ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿﻨَﺎ َو‬
َ ‫ﺴ َﻼ ُم‬
‫ اﻟ ﱠ‬،ُ‫َوﺑَ َﺮﻛَﺎﺗُﮫ‬
ُ‫ﺳﻮﻟُﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺷ َﮭ ُﺪ أ َ ﱠن ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻤﺪًا‬
ُ ‫ﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪهُ َو َر‬ ْ َ ‫ َوأ‬،ُ ‫ﱠ‬
"All greetings, prayers, and pure words belong to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of
Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous servants of Allah. I bear witness that
there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger."

10. Darud Ibrahim

‫ﻋﻠَﻰ آ ِل‬ َ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ ِإ ْﺑ َﺮا ِھﯿ َﻢ َو‬
َ َ‫ﺻﻠﱠ ْﯿﺖ‬ َ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ آ ِل ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ َﻛ َﻤﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ َو‬ َ ‫اﻟﻠّ ُﮭ ﱠﻢ‬
َ ‫ﺻ ِ ّﻞ‬
َ‫ﺎر ْﻛﺖ‬َ َ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ آ ِل ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ َﻛ َﻤﺎ ﺑ‬ َ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ َو‬ َ ‫ اﻟﻠّ ُﮭ ﱠﻢ ﺑَ ِﺎر ْك‬.ٌ‫ِإ ْﺑ َﺮا ِھﯿ َﻢ ِإﻧﱠﻚَ َﺣ ِﻤﯿ ٌﺪ َﻣ ِﺠﯿﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻠَﻰ آ ِل إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِھﯿ َﻢ إِﻧﱠﻚَ َﺣ ِﻤﯿ ٌﺪ َﻣ ِﺠﯿ ٌﺪ‬ َ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ إِ ْﺑ َﺮا ِھﯿ َﻢ َو‬
َ
Translation: "O Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and upon the family of Muhammad, as You sent
blessings upon Ibrahim and upon the family of Ibrahim. Indeed, You are Praiseworthy and Exalted. O Allah,
send Your blessings upon Muhammad and upon the family of Muhammad, as You sent blessings upon
Ibrahim and upon the family of Ibrahim. Indeed, You are Praiseworthy and Exalted."

11. Dua for Forgiveness after Darud

‫ ﻓَﺎ ْﻏ ِﻔ ْﺮ ِﻟﻲ‬، َ‫ﻮب ِإ ﱠﻻ أ َ ْﻧﺖ‬ َ ُ‫ َو َﻻ ﯾَ ْﻐ ِﻔ ُﺮ اﻟﺬﱡﻧ‬،‫ﯿﺮا‬
ً ‫ظ ْﻠ ًﻤﺎ َﻛ ِﺜ‬
ُ ‫ظﻠَ ْﻤﺖُ ﻧَ ْﻔﺴِﻲ‬ َ ‫اﻟﻠﱠ ُﮭ ﱠﻢ ِإ ِﻧّﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ِﺣﯿ ُﻢ‬
‫ﻮر ﱠ‬ ُ ُ‫ ِإﻧﱠﻚَ أ َ ْﻧﺖَ ا ْﻟﻐَﻔ‬،‫ار َﺣ ْﻤ ِﻨﻲ‬
ْ ‫ َو‬، َ‫َﻣ ْﻐ ِﻔ َﺮةً ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﻋ ْﻨ ِﺪك‬
Translation: "O Allah, I have wronged myself greatly, and none forgives sins except You. Grant me
forgiveness from You and have mercy on me. Indeed, You are the Forgiving, the Merciful."

12. Dua Qunoot

َ‫ﺸ ُﻜ ُﺮك‬ َ ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿﻚَ َوﻧُﺜْﻨِﻲ‬
ْ َ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿﻚَ ا ْﻟ َﺨ ْﯿ َﺮ َوﻧ‬ َ ‫ﺴﺘ َ ْﻐ ِﻔ ُﺮكَ َوﻧُ ْﺆ ِﻣﻦُ ِﺑﻚَ َوﻧَﺘ َ َﻮ ﱠﻛ ُﻞ‬ ْ َ‫اﻟﻠﱠ ُﮭ ﱠﻢ إِﻧﱠﺎ ﻧ‬
ْ َ‫ﺴﺘ َ ِﻌﯿﻨُﻚَ َوﻧ‬
‫ﺴﻌَﻰ‬ْ َ‫ﺴ ُﺠ ُﺪ َو ِإﻟَ ْﯿﻚَ ﻧ‬
ْ َ‫ﺼ ِﻠّﻲ َوﻧ‬ َ ُ‫ اﻟﻠﱠ ُﮭ ﱠﻢ ِإﯾﱠﺎكَ ﻧَ ْﻌﺒُ ُﺪ َوﻟَﻚَ ﻧ‬، َ‫َو َﻻ ﻧَ ْﻜﻔُ ُﺮكَ َوﻧَ ْﺨﻠَ ُﻊ َوﻧَﺘْ ُﺮكُ َﻣ ْﻦ ﯾَ ْﻔ ُﺠ ُﺮك‬
ٌ ‫ﻋﺬَاﺑَﻚَ ِﺑﺎ ْﻟ ُﻜﻔﱠ ِﺎر ُﻣ ْﻠ ِﺤ‬
‫ﻖ‬ َ ‫ ِإ ﱠن‬، َ‫ﻋﺬَاﺑَﻚ‬َ ‫ ﻧَ ْﺮ ُﺟﻮ َر ْﺣ َﻤﺘَﻚَ َوﻧَ ْﺨﺸَﻰ‬،ُ‫َوﻧَ ْﺤ ِﻔﺪ‬
6
 Translation: "O Allah, we seek Your help, we seek Your forgiveness, we believe in You, we rely on You, we
praise You in the best way, and we thank You. We are not ungrateful to You, and we cast off and abandon
whoever disobeys You. O Allah, You alone we worship, and to You we pray and prostrate. To You we strive
and hasten. We hope for Your mercy and fear Your punishment. Indeed, Your punishment will reach the
disbelievers."

JANAZAH PRAYER
1. After the First Takbeer-Thana:
‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻚ اﻟﻠﮭﻢ وﺑﺤﻤﺪك وﺗﺒﺎرك اﺳﻤﻚ وﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺟﺪك وﺟﻞ ﺛﻨﺎؤك وﻻ إﻟﮫ ﻏﯿﺮك‬
2. After the Second Takbeer- Darud Ibrahim
3. After the Third Takbeer- Dua for the Deceased:

،‫ َوذَﻛ َِﺮﻧَﺎ َوأ ُ ْﻧﺜَﺎﻧَﺎ‬،‫ﺻ ِﻐ ِﯿﺮﻧَﺎ َو َﻛﺒِ ِﯿﺮﻧَﺎ‬ َ ‫ َوﺷَﺎ ِھ ِﺪﻧَﺎ َو‬،‫اﻟﻠﱠ ُﮭ ﱠﻢ ا ْﻏ ِﻔ ْﺮ ِﻟ َﺤ ِﯿّﻨَﺎ َو َﻣ ِﯿّﺘِﻨَﺎ‬
َ ‫ َو‬،‫ﻏﺎﺋِﺒِﻨَﺎ‬
‫ﺎن‬
ِ ‫اﻹﯾ َﻤ‬ َ ُ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﺗ َ َﻮﻓﱠ ْﯿﺘَﮫُ ِﻣﻨﱠﺎ ﻓَﺘ َ َﻮﻓﱠﮫ‬،‫ﺳ َﻼ ِم‬
ِ ْ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ‬ َ ‫اﻟﻠﱠ ُﮭ ﱠﻢ َﻣ ْﻦ أ َ ْﺣﯿَ ْﯿﺘَﮫُ ِﻣﻨﱠﺎ ﻓَﺄ َ ْﺣ ِﯿ ِﮫ‬
ِ ْ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ‬
ْ ‫اﻹ‬
"O Allah, forgive our living and our dead, those present and those absent, our young and our old, our males
and our females. O Allah, whoever You keep alive among us, let him live according to Islam, and whoever
You cause to die among us, let him die in faith."
4. Concluding the Prayer
 After the fourth Takbeer, conclude the prayer by saying "As-Salāmu ‘alaykum wa raḥmatullāh" to
the right and left.

Performing a 2-rakat Salat step by step

1. First Rakat
 Takbeer Tahrimah: Raise hands to ears (men) or shoulders (women), say "Allāhu Akbar
 Qiyam (Standing): Men: Place right hand over left, below the navel. Women: Place hands on the
chest. Recite Thana- -Ta'awwudh & Bismillah- -Surah Al Fatiha- -Additional Surah:
 Ruku (Bowing): Say "Allāhu Akbar", bend into bowing, grasp knees with hands (fingers spread
for men; loosely for women). Recite 3x: "Subḥāna Rabbiyal ‘Aẓīm." Rise up, saying: "Sami‘ Allāhu
liman ḥamidah" (Imam or individual), followed by "Rabbanā lakal ḥamd."
 Sujood (Prostration): Say "Allāhu Akbar", prostrate with forehead, nose, palms, knees, and toes
touching the ground. Recite 3x: "Subḥāna Rabbiyal A‘lā." Sit up briefly (position: Iftirash—left
foot folded under, right upright for men; women sit with both feet to the right).
o Perform a second Sujood, repeating the same steps.
2. Second Rakat
 Stand up, saying "Allāhu Akbar".
 Qiyam: Recite Al-Fatiha + another Surah (omit Thana and Ta'awwudh in this rakat).
 Repeat Ruku and Sujood as in the first rakat.
3. Final Sitting (Tashahhud)
 After the second Sujood of the second rakat, sit for Tashahhud—Darud —Dua
o Position: Men sit in Tawarruk (left foot under body, right upright); women sit with both
feet to the right.
o Turn head to the right and left saying : "As-Salāmu ‘alaykum wa raḥmatullāh."

7
 ‫‪TAJWEED‬‬
‫‪ARABIC LETTERS‬‬

‫ابتثجحخدذرزسشصضطظ‬
‫ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن و ه ْء ي‬
‫‪RECOGNIZE THE LETTERS.‬‬

‫ﻲ ‪ .7‬ﻛﻔــــﺮ ‪ .8‬ﺟﻨــــﺔ ‪ .9‬ﻧــــﺎر‬

‫رب ‪ .4‬ﻋﻠــــﻢ ‪ .5‬ﻗﻠــــﺐ ﻧﺒــــ ّ‬
‫‪ .1‬آﯾــــﺔ ‪ .2‬ﺳــــﻮرة ‪ّ .3‬‬
‫ـﻖ ‪ .12‬ﺻــــــﺪق ‪ .13‬ذﻛــــــﺮ ‪ .14‬ﻋــــــﺬاب ‪ .15‬رﺣﻤــــــﺔ‬ ‫‪ .10‬ﺻــــــﺒﺮ ‪.11‬ﺣـــــ ّ‬
‫إﯾﻤـــــﺎن ‪ .17‬ﻛﻌﺒـــــﺔ ‪ .18‬ﺻـــــﻼة ‪ .19‬زﻛـــــﺎة ‪ .20‬ﻓﺠـــــﺮ ﻏﻔـــــﻮر ‪ .22‬ﺷـــــﻜﺮ‬
‫‪ .23‬ﻋﺰﯾــــــﺰ ‪ .24‬ﺣﻜــــــﯿﻢ ‪ .25‬ﻣــــــﺮﯾﻢ ﯾﻮﺳــــــﻒ ‪ .27‬ﻋﯿﺴـــــــﻰ ‪ .28‬آدم ‪.29‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﻋﻮن ‪ .30‬ﻛﻠﯿﻢ طﺎﻏﻮت‬
‫)‪Read With Haraka (Fatah, Kasra and Dhammah‬‬
‫ﻒ َﻗ ﻠ َﻢ َﻧ َﻬ َﻮيَ‬
‫ﺺ َﺿ َﻄﻆ َﻋ َﻐ َ‬ ‫ﺚ َﺟ َﺤ َﺦ َد َذ َر َز َﺳ َﺸ َ‬‫ََ َ‬
‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻒ ِﻗ ِ ِﻠ ِﻢ ِﻧ ِﻬﻮي‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِﺑ ِ ِﺚ ِﺟ ِﺤﺦ ِد ِذرز ِﺳ ِﺸﺺ ِﺿ ِﻄ ِﻆ ِﻋ ِﻐ‬
‫ﻒ ُﻗ ﻠ ُﻢ ُﻧ ُﻬ ُﻮيُ‬‫ﺺ ُﺿ ُﻄﻆ ُﻋ ُﻐ ُ‬ ‫ﺚ ُﺟ ُﺤ ُﺦ ُد ُذ ُر ُز ُﺳ ُﺸ ُ‬‫ُُ ُ‬
‫ﺑ‬

‫‪8‬‬
 FULL MOUTH LETTERS ‫خصضطظغق‬

 THROAT LETTERS (HUROOF- E- HALAQI)

‫خ‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ء‬

9
  These letters touch the top of the tongue to the edge of the
upper teeth and blow with a light sound. ‫ث‬.‫ ذ‬.‫ظ‬

READ WITH TANWIN (DOUBLE FATAH, DOUBLE KASRA AND DOUBLE DHAMMAH)

-‫ص‬ً -‫ش‬ ً -‫س‬ ً - ‫ ًز‬- ‫ ًر‬- ً‫ ذ‬- ً‫ د‬- ‫ ًخ‬- ‫ ًح‬- ‫ ًج‬- ‫ث‬
ً -‫ت‬ ً -‫ب‬ ً - ً‫أ‬
ٍ ‫ ي‬- ‫ ٍو‬- ‫ ٍه‬- ‫ ٍن‬- ‫ ٍم‬- ‫ ٍل‬- ٍ‫ ك‬- ‫ق‬ٍ - ٍ‫ ف‬- ٍ‫ غ‬- ٍ‫ ع‬- ٍ‫ ظ‬- ٍ‫ ط‬- ‫ض‬ ٍ
‫ ٌق‬- ‫ف‬ ٌ -‫غ‬ ٌ -‫ع‬ ٌ -‫ظ‬ ٌ -‫ط‬ ٌ -‫ض‬ ٌ -‫ص‬ ٌ -‫ش‬ ٌ -‫س‬ ٌ - ‫ ٌز‬- ‫ ٌر‬- ٌ‫ ذ‬- ٌ‫د‬

 Words with Sukoon

10
  Words with Shaddah

If after jazam the next letter has tashdeed, the letter before jazam is joined with
tashdeed and not with jazam.

 Words with Shaddah on “Nun and Meem”

If there is a Shaddah on ‫م‬or ‫ن‬then you hate to pronounce them with Ghunnah

 Words with Hamzah Sakinah

 Qalqalah (‫)ﻗ ْﻠ َﻘﻠَﺔ‬

َ
Definition: Qalqalah refers to the echoing sound produced when certain letters are pronounced with a
sukoon (‫)ـ‬.
ْ

ُ ‫)ﻗُ ْﻄ‬
(‫ﺐ َﺟ ٍﺪ‬ ‫ د‬،‫ ج‬،‫ ب‬،‫ ط‬،‫ق‬

11
 Madd Tabee’ee. It occurs when one of the Madd letters (‫ ي‬,‫ و‬,‫ )ا‬is
preceded by a matching vowel (Fatha before Alif, Dammah before Waw, or
Kasrah before Yaa). The elongation can be held for 1 Alif .

 Letters with Long Fatah, long Kasra and long Dhummah

become one Alif long sound.

12
 Madd Aardhi. It occurs when a letter of madd (‫ ي‬,‫ و‬,‫ )ا‬is followed
by a letter with sukoon (◌ْ) due to stopping at the end of a word.
The elongation can be held for 3 Alif.
َ ّ‫ﻀﺎ ِﻟ‬
| ‫ﯿﻦ‬ َ ‫ﯿﻦ |ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻔ ِﻠ ُﺤ‬
‫ﻮن |اﻟ ﱠ‬ ْ َ‫ّﯾﻦ |ﻧ‬
ُ ‫ﺴﺘ َ ِﻌ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﺮ ِﺣ ِﯿﻢ |اﻟ ِﺪ‬ َ ‫ا ْﻟﻌَﺎﻟَ ِﻤ‬
‫ﯿﻦ | ﱠ‬
 Madd Munfasil. it occurs when a Madd letter (‫ ي‬,‫ و‬,‫ )ا‬is at the end of one
word, and the next word begins with a Hamzah (‫)ء‬. The elongation can be
held for 3 Alif. (A thin symbol is given)

 Madd Muttasil. It is when a madd letter (‫ و‬,‫ا‬, or ‫ )ي‬is immediately

followed by a hamzah (‫ )ء‬within the same word. The elongation can be
held for 4 Alif. ( A thick symbol is given)

 Madd Lazim Kalimi Muthaqqal . It Occurs when a Madd letter is followed

by a letter with a Shaddah or Sukoon in the same word. The elongation can
be held for 4 Alif. ( A thick symbol is given)

 Madd Lazim Harfi Mukhaffaf. It occurs in the Huruf Muqatta'at, The

elongation can be held for 4 Alif. ( A thick symbol is given)

13
  The rules of Nun Sakinah and Tanwin
1. Izhar (‫ )اﻹظﮭﺎر‬- This rule applies when the Nun Sakinah or Tanwin is
followed by any of the throat letters (‫)ﺣروف اﻟﺣﻠﻖ‬:‫( ء‬Hamza), ‫ه‬
(Ha), ‫( ع‬Ayn), ‫( غ‬Ghayn), ‫( خ‬Kha), ‫( ح‬Ha).

2. Idgham (‫ )اﻹدﻏﺎم‬-. This rule applies when the Nun Sakinah or Tanwin is followed by
any of these letters: ‫( ي‬Ya), ‫( ر‬Ra), ‫( م‬Meem), ‫( ل‬Lam), ‫( و‬Waw), ‫( ن‬Nun). These letters
are grouped as ‫ﯾَ ْر َﻣﻠُون‬.
 Types of Idgham:
1. Idgham with Ghunnah (Nasalization): For ‫ي‬, ‫ن‬, ‫م‬, ‫و‬.

2. Idgham without Ghunnah: For ‫ ل‬and ‫ر‬.

14
3. Iqlab (‫ – )اﻹﻗﻼب‬Conversion of the Nun Sakinah or Tanwin into
a Meem (‫ )م‬when followed by the letter ‫( ب‬Ba).

4. Ikhfa (‫ )اﻹﺧﻔﺎء‬- pronouncing with a light nasal sound (Ghunnah) when

Nun Sakinah or Tanwin followed by any of the 15 Ikhfa letters . ,‫ ج‬,‫ ث‬,‫ت‬
‫ ك‬,‫ ق‬,‫ ف‬,‫ ظ‬,‫ ط‬,‫ ض‬,‫ ص‬,‫ ش‬,‫ س‬,‫ ز‬,‫ ذ‬,‫د‬.

 Meem Sakin (‫)م‬

1. If after Meem saakin there appears another Meem or the letter Baa, Meem Saakin
will be read with ghunnah for one 1 Alif.

15
 2. If after Meem saakin there appears any letter except Meem or Baa,
Meem saakin will be read without ghunnah.

 RULES OF LAAM OF THE WORD “ALLAH”

1. If fatha or dhammah appears before the Laam of the word “Allah”, the Laam in
the word “Allah” will be read with a full mouth.

2. If kasra appears before the Laam of the word “Allah”, the Laam in the word
“Allah” will be read with an empty mouth

 RULES OF WAQF (Waqf means “to stop”.)

If the last letter of the word has a fathatain, take away one fatha and read the Alif after it.
If there is no Alif, add an Alif.

16
When waqf is made on a round Taa ,‫ة‬it will change into small Haa saakin .

When hamzah is saakin due to waqf, the waqf on hamzah saakin will be read
with a slight twitch (jerk).

The word ‫◌ َ اﻧﺎ‬should

َ be read without stretching sound.

Except 4 “Ana” in Quran

. ‫أﻧﺎب‬ ‫أﻧﺎﺑوا‬- -‫أﻧﺎﻣل‬- ‫أﻧﺎﺳﻲ‬

17