भारतीय मानक IS 13630 (Part 2) : 2019

Indian Standard

सिरैमिक टाइलें — परिक्षण पद्धतियां,

नमूने लेने तथा स्वीकार्यता का आधार
भाग 2 जल अवशोषण एवं
बल्क घनत्व ज्ञात करना
( दसू रा पनु रीक्षण )

Ceramic Tiles — Methods of Test,

Sampling and Basis for Acceptance
Part 2 Determination of Water Absorption
and Bulk Density

( Second Revision )

ICS 91.100.23

© BIS 2019

भारतीय मानक ब्रयू ो

B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S TA N D A R D S
मानक भवन, 9 बहादरु शाह ज़फर मार्ग, नई िदल्ली – 110002
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI-110002
         www.bis.gov.in  
www.standardsbis.in

May 2019  Price Group 2

Flooring, Wall Finishing and Roofing Sectional Committee, CED 05

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Part 2) (Second Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the Flooring, Wall Finishing and Roofing Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil
Engineering Division Council.
This standard (Part 2) was first published in 1992 and subsequently revised in 2006. This second revision standard
incorporates the experience gained with the use of its first revision, this standard and brings the standard in line
with the latest developments in this field.
In this revision an alternate vacuum method to measure the water absorption has been introduced.
This Indian Standard is published in several parts. The other parts in this series are:
Part 1 Determination of dimensions and surface quality
Part 3 Determination of moisture expansion using boiling water
Part 4 Determination of linear thermal expansion
Part 5 Determination of resistance to thermal shock
Part 6 Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength
Part 7 Determination of stain and chemical resistance of unglazed tiles
Part 8 Determination of stain and chemical resistance of glazed tiles
Part 9 Determination of crazing resistance of glazed tiles
Part 10 Determination of frost resistance
Part 11 Determination of resistance to surface abrasion of glazed tiles
Part 12 Determination of resistance to deep abrasion of unglazed tiles
Part 13 Determination of scratch hardness of surface according to Mohs’ scale
Part 14 Determination of impact resistance by measurement of coefficient of restitution
Part 15 Sampling and basis for acceptance
Part 16 Determinations of lead and cadmium given off by glazed tiles

In the formulation of this standard considerable assistance has been derived from the ISO 10545-3 :1995
‘Ceramic tiles — Part 3: Determination of water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent relative density and bulk
density’.
The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex A.
In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or
calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical
values (  revised  )’.
 IS 13630 (Part 2) : 2019

Indian Standard
CERAMIC TILES — METHODS OF TEST,
SAMPLING AND BASIS FOR ACCEPTANCE
PART 2 DETERMINATION OF WATER ABSORPTION
AND BULK DENSITY
( Second Revision )
1 SCOPE 3.6 Desiccator

1.1 This standard (Part 2) covers methods of test for 3.7 Chamois Leather
determining the water absorption and bulk density of
3.8 Wire Loop, Halter, Basket — Capable of
all ceramic tiles.
supporting specimens under water for making
1.2 There are two methods of obtaining impregnation suspended mass measurements.
with water of the tile’s open pores:
3.9 Glass Beaker — Glass beaker or similar container
a) Boiling, and of size and shape such that the sample, when suspended
b) Immersion under vacuum. from the balance (see 3.4) by the wire loop (see 3.8), is
Boiling will impregnate open pores that are easily completely immersed in water, with the test specimen
fillable, and the vacuum method fills almost all the and the wire loop being completely free of contact with
open pores. Any of these two test methods may be used any part of the container.
to measure the water absorption as agreed to between 3.10 Vacuum Chamber and Vacuum System, of
the manufacturer and the purchaser. sufficient capacity to accommodate the test specimens
and evacuate to a pressure of 10 ± 5 kPa (91 ± 5 kPa
2 TERMINOLOGY
below standard atmospheric pressure of 101 kPa) for
For the purpose of this standard, the following definition 30 min.
shall apply.
4 TEST SPECIMENS
2.1 Water Absorption
The increase in mass (expressed as a percentage of 4.1 A sample for each type of tile under test shall consist
the mass of the dry material) of tiles which after of 10 whole tiles.
determination of the dry mass are: 4.2 If the proper surface area of each individual tile is
a) Placed under water, then boiled and, after greater than 0.04 m2, then only 5 whole tiles shall be
wards, cooled during specified times while still used for the tests.
completely immersed, taken out of the water and
reweighed after removing excess of water, or 4.3 When the mass of each individual tile is below
50 g, a sufficient number of tiles shall be taken so
b) Placed under vacuum at specified pressure and that each test specimen reaches a mass of 50 g
then impregnated with water, taken out and to 100 g.
reweighed after removing excess of water.
4.4 Tiles with sides larger than 200 mm may be cut up,
3 APPARATUS but all pieces shall be included in the measurement.
With polygonal and other non-rectangular tiles, the
3.1 Drying Oven — Capable of operation at about
length and width shall be those of the enclosing
110°C.
rectangles.
3.2 Heating Apparatus — Constructed of suitable
inert material, in which the boiling will take place. 5 PROCEDURE

3.3 Source of Heat 5.1 Water Impregnation by Boiling Method

3.4 Balance — Accurate to 0.01 percent of the mass of 5.1.1 Dry the tiles in the oven at 110 ± 5°C until
a test specimen. constant mass is reached, that is, when the difference
between two successive weighing at intervals of 24 h is
3.5 De-ionized or Distilled Water less than 0.1 percent.

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IS 13630 (Part 2) : 2019

5.1.2 Cool the tiles in the desiccator over silica gel or 5.3 Suspended Weight
other suitable desiccant, but not an acid, until cooled to After water impregnation of the test specimens,
room temperature. determine to the nearest 0.01 g the mass m3, of each
5.1.3 Weigh each tile and record the results of the specimen while suspended in water. Perform the
corresponding accuracy shown in Table 1. weighing by placing the specimen in the wire loop,
halter, or basket (see 3.8) that is suspended from
one arm of the balance. Before actually weighing,
Table 1 Tile Mass Accuracy of Measurement counterbalance the scale with the wire loop, halter,
( Clause 5.1.3 ) basket in place and immerse in water to the same depth
as is used when the specimens are in place.
Sl No. Mass of Accuracy of
Tiles Measurements 6 EXPRESSION OF RESULTS
g g
6.1 Water Absorption
(1) (2) (3)
i) 0 to 100 0.02 6.1.1 For each tile, calculate the water absorption as a
ii) 101 to 500 0.05 percentage of the dry mass using the expression:
iii) 501 to 1 000 0.25 m2 − m1
iv) 1 001 to 3 000 0.50 × 100
v) Above 3 000 1.00 m1
where
5.1.4 Place the tiles vertically, with no contact between
them, in water in the heating apparatus/water bath so m1 = mass of the dry tile; and
that there is a depth of 50 mm water above and below m2 = mass of the wet tile (either by 5.1 or 5.2).
the tiles. Maintain the water level of 50 mm above the
tiles throughout the test. 6.1.2 The results shall be given to the first decimal
place.
5.1.5 Heat the water until boiling and continue to boil
for 2 h. Then remove the source of heat and allow the 6.1.3 Calculate the average water absorption of the
tiles to cool, still completely immersed in this water sample as the average of the individual results.
overnight. 6.2 Bulk Density
5.1.6 Remove the surface water from the tile pieces by Bulk density, B, in g/cm3, of a specimen is the quotient
chamois leather. of its dry mass divided by the exterior volume, including
pores. Calculate the bulk density as follows:
5.1.7 Immediately after this procedure weigh each tile
and record the results to the same accuracy as for the B = (m1/V)
dry state. where,
5.2 Water Impregnation by Vacuum Method m1 = mass of the dry tile;
Place the tiles vertically, with no contact between V = exterior volume, in cm3 (m2 – m3); and
them, in the vacuum chamber (see 3.10). Evacuate to m3 = mass of suspended tile impregnated either by
a pressure of 10 ± 5 kPa (91 ± 5 kPa below standard 5.1 or 5.2.
atmospheric pressure of 101 kPa) and maintain it NOTE — For determination of bulk density, the specimen
for 30 min. Then, while ’ maintaining the vacuum, size should not be more than 0.01 m2 (100 mm × 100 mm) to
slowly admit sufficient water to cover the tiles by facilitate proper weighing of tile under suspended conditions.
5 cm. Release the vacuum and allow the tiles to remain
submerged for 15 min. Prepare the Chamois leather 6.3 Test Report
by wetting and wringing out by hand. Place it on a The test report shall contain the following:
flat surface and lightly dry each side of each tile in a) A description of the tiles;
turn. Dab any relief surfaces with the Chamois leather.
Immediately after this procedure, weigh each tile and b) Water absorption and bulk density of each
record the results to the same accuracy as for the dry individual tile; and
state (see Table 1). c) Average water absorption and bulk density.

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 IS 13630 (Part 2) : 2019

ANNEX A
( Foreword )
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Flooring, Wall Finishing and Roofing Sectional Committee, CED 05
Organization Representative(s)
In Personal Capacity (L/109, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi) Shri Ashok Khurana (Chairman)
Ardex Endura India Pvt Ltd, Bengaluru Shri K. P. Paulson
Shri Gopinath Krishnan (Alternate)
Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council, Shri S. K. Gupta
New Delhi Shri Pankaj Gupta (Alternate)
Carborundum Universal Limited, Chennai Shri R. Rajagopalan
Dr N. Ramasubramanian (Alternate)
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi Shri Rajesh Kumar Kaushal
Shri Arun Kumar Tyagi (Alternate)
CSIR − Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee Shri S. K. Singh
Shri Achal Kumar Mittal (Alternate)
CSIR − Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute, Dr Satyendra Nath Misra
Kolkata
CSIR − Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi Dr Rakesh Kumar
Choksi Laboratories Limited, Indore Shri R. D. Mathur
Shri Ramesh Basappa (Alternate)
Construction Chemicals Manufacturers Association, Shri Upen Patel
Navi Mumbai Shri Samir Surlaker (Alternate)
Construction Industry Development Council, Shri P. R. Swarup
New Delhi Shri Ravi Jain (Alternate)
Delhi Development Authority, New Delhi Chief Engineer (Dwk)
Superintending Engineer (P) (Alternate)
Directorate General of Border Roads, New Delhi Col Indra Kumar Jaggi
Engineers India Limited, New Delhi Shri J. K. Bhagchandani
Shri Akhilesh Maurya (Alternate)
Gyan Construction Company, Mumbai Representative
H. R. Johnson (India) Limited, Dewas Shri Arun Rao
Indian Council of Ceramic Tiles & Sanitaryware, Shri Arun Rao
New Delhi Shri P. K. Sharma (Alternate)
Institution of Engineers (India), New Delhi Shri K. K. Kapila
Lloyd Insulation (India) Pvt Limited, New Delhi Shri Mohit Khanna
Shri K. K. Mitra (Alternate)
Mapie Construction Products India Pvt Ltd, Dr G. S. Ravi Shankar
Bengaluru Shri Abhijit Dutta (Alternate)
Military Engineer Services, Engineer-in-Chief’s Shrimati Mala Mohan
Branch, New Delhi Shrimati Namrata Kohli (Alternate)
Modern Tiles & Marble, New Delhi Shri Subhash Kapoor
Shri Kameswar Rau (Alternate)
Morbi Dhuva Glaze Tiles Association, Morbi Shri Nilesh Jetparia
Shri Jeram Madhav Kavar (Alternate)
Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, Mumbai Representative

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IS 13630 (Part 2) : 2019

Organization Representative(s)
MYK Laticrete India, Hyderabad Dr P. Arjunan
Shri N. Radhakanth (Alternate)
National Council for Cement and Building Materials, Dr S. K. Breja
Ballabgarh
National Highways Authority of India, New Delhi Shri S. C. Jindal
Shri R. P. Khandelwal (Alternate)
National Test House, Kolkata Shri D. V. S. Prasad
Shri Aloke Dev (Alternate)
National Tiles Corporation, Panchkula Shri Prem Chand Gupta
Shri S. R. Garg (Alternate)
New Delhi Municipal Corporation, New Delhi Representative
Premier Polyfilm Limited, Ghaziabad Dr Sanjeev K. Verma
Shri R. K. Narad (Alternate)
Research, Designs and Standards Organization, Executive Director (Works)
Ministry of Railways, Lucknow Shri Ashutosh Kumar (Alternate)
Responsive Industries Limited, Mumbai Shri Rishabh Agarwal
Shri Abhishek Agarwal (Alternate)
Shriram Institute of Industrial Research, New Delhi Dr P. K. Kaicher
Dr Laxmi Rawat (Alternate)
Somany Ceramic Ltd, Bahadurgarh Shri G. G. Trivedi
Dr Ashutosh Goel (Alternate)
Super Tiles and Marble Private Limited, Mumbai Shri Ashok Rajpurohit
Shri Sudhakar Modi (Alternate)
Ultratech Cement Limited, Mumbai Shri B. Kumar
Xebec Design and Facilities Private Limited, Shri Deepak Gahlowt
New Delhi Shri Samir Banerji (Alternate)
BIS Directorate General Shri Sanjay Pant, Scientist ‘F’ and Head (Civil Engineering)
[Representing Director General (Ex-officio)]

Member Secretary
Shri Srikanth Yajjala
Scientist ‘C’ (Civil Engineering), BIS

and

Shri Milind Gupta

Scientist ‘C’ (Civil Engineering), BIS

4
Bureau of Indian Standards

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development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to
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‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: CED 05 (10833).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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