CHUYÊN ĐỀ 14

CẤU TẠO TỪ (WORD FORMATION)

* PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT

A. Cáchthànhlập DANH TỪ
Formation NOUNS
Verb + er/ or/ ant Teacher, manager, driver, actor, director, attendant, assistant...................
Verb + ion Action, invention, construction, direction, revolution, decision..................
Verb + ment/ al Development, appointment, refusal, removal, approval......................
Verb + ing Swimming, teaching, jogging, training, building.....................
Adj + ness Kindness, goodness, happiness, sadness, darkness, illness, sickness.................
Adj + ty Safety, loyalty, variety, ability, honesty, cruelty,....................
Adj + th Length, depth, width, truth, warmth, strength......................................
Adj + dom Freedom, wisdom, boredom..............................
Noun + ist/ ian Guitarish, novelish, violinist, musician, physician, historian....................
Noun + ism Patriotism, capitalism, socialism, heroism........................
Noun + ship Friendship, leadership, scholarship, comradeship............................
Noun + hood Childhood, brotherhood, neighbourhood, parenthood.....................
Super/ over/ sub/ sur + Supermarket, superman overexpenditure subway overexpenditure
N
Vịtrícủa DANH TỪ
Sautínhtừ (adj + N) They are interesting books.
Sau- mạotừ: a /an / the
- từchỉđịnh: this, that, these, those, every, each, … He is a student.
- từchỉsốlượng: many, some, few, little, several... These flowersare beautiful.
- tínhtừsởhữu: my, his, her, your, our, their, its… She needs some water.
Saungoạiđộngtừ (V cần O) She buys books.
She meets a lot of people.
Saugiớitừ (prep. + N) He talkedaboutthe storyyesterday.
He is interested in music.
Trước V chia thì (N làmchủtừ) The main has just arrived.
Sau enough (enough + N) I don’t have enough money to buy that
house.

B. Cáchthànhlập TÍNH TỪ
formular Adjectives
- ful Harmful, useful, successful, hopeful, helpful, peaceful, careful......
- less Childless, odourless, careless, hopeless, harmless, useless..............
- ly Manly, worldly, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, friendly.......
- like Childlike, godlike, lifelike, ladylike, manlike..............
- ish Childish, boyish, girlish, selfish..............
- y Hearthy, dirty, dusty, snowy, windy, rainy, cloudy, sunny, sandy................
- al Natural, national, industrial, agricultural, cultural, magical................
- ous Dangerous, courageous, poisonous, mountainous................
- ic Artistic, electric, alcoholic, economic............................
- able Enjoyable, reasonable, respectable......................
Un/ im/ il/ ir/in/ dis + Unimportant, impossible, illegal, irregular, disable...........................
adj
Vịtrícủa TÍNH TỪ
Trước N (Adj + N) This is an interesting books.
Sau TO BE I am tired.
Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem … It becomes hot.
She feels sad.
Sautrạngtừ (adv + adj): extremely (cựckỳ), It is extremely cold.
completely (hoàntoàn), really (thựcsự), terribly, I’m terribly sorry.
very, quite, rather, … She is very beautiful.
Sau keep / make) The news made me happy.
Sau too (be + too + adj) That house is too small.
Trước enough (be + adj + enough) The house isn’t large enough.
Trongcấutrúc: be + so + adj + that She was so angry that she can’t speak.
A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, … + (Adj) My new car is blue.
+ Noun
Trongcâucảmthán:
- How + adj + S + V How beautiful the girl is!
- What + (a / an) + adj + N What an interesting film!

Note: adj-edadj-ing
Hình thức hiện tại phân từ (-ING): Diễn tả nhận thức của người nói về người/việc gì đó.
Ex: That film is interesting. (Bộ phim đó hay.) (Người xem nhận thấy bộ phim hay.)
Hình thức quá khứ phân từ (-ED): Diễn tả cảm giác của người nói do người/việc gì đó đem lại.
Ex: I am confused about the question. (Tôi bị bối rối về câu hỏi.) (Câu hỏi làm tôi bối rối.)
C. Cáchthànhlập ĐỘNG TỪ
formular Verbs
Dis + verb Dislike, disagree, discharge, disappear, disappoint...................
Mis + verb Mislead, misread, misunderstand,..........................
Out + verb Outrun, outlive, outnumber,.............................
Over + verb Overweigh, overpay, overturn, overheat, overcharge.........................
Re + verb Rewrite, reuse, recycle, return, retell, recall,.............................
Under + verb Underdevelop, underdo, underline, undercharge, undersign.....................
En + adj Enable, enrich, enlarge, encourage, endanger...............
ADJ/ noun + en Weaken, sharpen, tighten, loosen, shorten, soften
Adj/ noun + ise/ ize Socialize, memorize, industrialize,sympathiseeconomise..................

C. Cáchthànhlập TRẠNG TỪ
Phần lớn: Adj + -ly ---> Adv
Ex:beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly, recently...
Lưu ý:Mộtsốtrạngtừđặcbiệtcầnghinhớ:
- good (a) well (adv): giỏi, tốt
- late (a) late / lately (adv): trễ, chậm
- ill (a) ill (adv): xấu, tồi, kém
- fast (a) fast (adv): nhanh
- hard (a) hard (adv): tíchcực, vấtvả, chămchỉhardly (adv): hầunhưkhông
VịtrícủaTrạngtừ
1. Adv + adj
Ex: She is very beautiful.
The weather is extremely hot.
2. Adverbs are placed at the beginning of the sentence.
Ex: Unfortunately, he failed the exam.
3. Adverbs are placed after the verb modified.
Ex: He is running fast.
 4. Adv + Pii
Ex: He is well educated.
The wedding day is carefully chosen by groom’s parents.
* PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG

1. My mother is a__teacher__ of English. (TEACH)

2. Her father is a___farmer___________ (FARM)
3. She sent her best wishes for my future____happiness__________. (HAPPY)
4. He was punished for his______laziness________. (LAZY)
5. We like going in his car as he is a_____careful_________ driver. (CARE)
6. AIDS is a__dangerous__ disease. (DANGER)
7. She looks___attractive______ in her new coat. (ATTRACT)
8. He turns out to be the__best_ student in his class. (GOOD)
9. Nam is always __busy__ (BUSINESS)
10. There are four _bookselves____in my house. (BOOKSELF)
11. The photocopy is between the __bakery___ and the drugstore. (BAKE)
12. Is your brother an__actor ___? (ACT)
13. Mai's sister is a __singer____ (SING)
14. We must be _carefull__ when we cross the road. (CARE)
15. This tree has a lot of green __leaves___ (LEAF)
16. Is your father a __businessman? (BUSINESS)
17. I’m Vietnamese. What’s your ___nationality___ ? (NATION)
18. Air..pollution..... is a big problem in many cities in the world. (POLLUTE)
19. Yoko is from Japan. She is __Japanese___ (JAPAN)
20. Mary likes attending the English....speaking.... contests. (SPEAK)
21. My neighborhood is......famous............... for good and cheap restaurants. (FAME)
22. I like the city life because there are many kinds of........entertainment............. (ENTERTAIN)
23. Lan’s classroom is on the......second............... floor. (TWO)
24. These children like......sunny............... weather. (SUN)
25. Lan speaks English.......better.............. than me. (WELL)
26. The Great Wall of China is the world’s.........length........... structure. (LONG)
27. What’s Mary’s........nationality............. ? - She’s British. (NATION)
28. We should not waste.....electricity.... and water. (ELECTRIC)
29. Let him do it.....himself..... (HE)
30. My aunt is a good …teacher.. (TEACH)
31. Thao is my friend. She is very …beautiful……. (BEAUTY)
32. I want to go …swimming……….. in the summer. (SWIM)
33. My sister ……usually………gets up early in the morning. (USUAL)
34. Don’t go out at night because it is very …dangerous (DANGER)
35. This exercise is very …difficult.. I can’t do it. (DIFFICULTY)
36. He can speak English …better…. than his brother. (GOOD)
37. How do you feel now? – I feel …tired. (TIRE)
38. My uncle lives in the city. He is a driver.. (DRIVE)
39. Where is Tom? – He is in the …living….. room. (LIVE)
40. Nam is the …tallest.. of the three boys. (TALL)
41. Vietnam has a lot of …beautiful… beaches. (BEAUTY)
42. Air …pollution.. is a big problem in many cities in the world. (POLLUTE)
43. Our school children sometimes go …camping.. on the weekend. (CAMP)
44. I’m Vietnamese. What’s your …nationality. ? (NATION)
45. Mount Everest is very high. It is …the highest.. mountain in the world. (HIGH)
46. Don’t make a fire here. It’s very dangerous.. (DANGER)
47. Is your father a businessman….. ? (BUSINESS)
48. We went to bed early because we had a tired day. (TIRE)
49. There were two …competitions…… yesterday:fire-making and rice-cooking. (COMPLETE)
50. The old lamp …made…… in China is five dollars. (MAKE)

Multiple choice
1. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high school.
a. biology b. biological c. biologist d. biologically
2. You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done.
a. responsible b. responsibility c. responsibly d. irresponsible
3. Many Vietnamese people ______ their lives for the revolutionary cause of the nation
a. sacrifice b. sacrificed c. sacrificial d. sacrificially
4. They had a ______ candlelit dinner last night and she accepted his proposal of marriage.
a. romance b. romantic c. romantically d. romanticize
5. She sent me a _______ letter thanking me for my invitation.
a. polite b. politely c. politeness d. impoliteness
6. As an _______, Mr. Pike is very worried about the increasing of juvenile delinquency.
a. educate b. education c. educator d. educative
7. He was the only _______ that was offered the job.
a. apply b. application c. applicant d. applying
8. Many people have objected to the use of animals in _____ experiments.
a. science b. scientist c. scientific d. scientifically
9. _______ is increasing, which results from economic crisis.
a. Employment b. Unemployment c. Employ d. Unemployed
10. _______! I have heard of your success in the new project.
a. Congratulate b. Congratulating c. Congratulation d. Congratulations
11. A / an _______ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct.
a. dangerous b. endanger c. endangered d. endangerment
12. Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with ____.
a. extinct b. extinction c. extinctive d. extinctly
13. They are going to _______ the pool to 1. 8 meter.
a. deep b. depth c. deepen d. deeply
14. The referee had no hesitation in awarding the visiting team a _______.
a. penalty b. penalize c. penal d. penalization
15. The referee's _______ is the most important in any sport competition.
a. decide b. decisive c. decision d. decider
16. Johnny used to be one of the most _______ athletes in my country.
a. succeed b. success c. successful d. successfully
17. The success of the 22nd SEA Games had a great contribution of many ____ volunteers.
a. support b. supporter c. supportive d. supportively
18. He was so _______ that he could not even say a word.
a. nerve b. nerves c. nervous d. nervously
19. I am really _______ in the way he talks, but the way he behaves.
a. interest b. interested c. interesting d. interestingly
20. Thanks to labor-saving devices, women have more time to take part in _______ activities.
a. society b. social c. socially d. socialize
Grade 12
UNIT 1: HOME LIFE
Exercise 1: Choose the most suitable word or phrase
1. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high school.
a. biology b. biological c. biologist d. biologically
2. Are you sure that boys are more _______ than girls?
a. act b. active c. action d. activity
3. You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done.
 a. responsible b. responsibility c. responsibly d. irresponsible
4. These quick and easy _______ can be effective in the short term, but they have a cost.
a. solve b. solvable c. solutions d. solvability
5. He was looking at his parents _______, waiting for recommendations.
a. obey b. obedience c. obedient d. obediently
6. The interviews with parents showed that the vast majority were _______ of teachers.
a. support b. supportive c. supporter d. supporting
7. It is _________ of you to leave the medicine where the children could get it.
a. care b. caring c. careless d. careful
8. For ________ reasons, passengers are requested not to leave any luggage unattended.
a. secure b. securely c. security d. securing
9. The leader of the explorers had the great _______ in his native guide. a.
confident b. confidence c. confidential d. confidentially
10. We are impressed by his _________ to help us with the hard mission. a. will
b. willing c. willingness d. willingly
UNIT 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY
Exercise 1: Choose the most suitable word or phrase
1. John cannot make a __ to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford a house and a car. a. decide
b. decision c. decisive d. decisively
2. My mother used to be a woman of great _______, but now she gets old and looks pale.
a. beauty b. beautiful c. beautifully d. beautify
3. Although they are twins, they have almost the same appearance but they are seldom in _____.
a. agree b. agreeable c. agreement d. agreeably
4. The more _______ and positive you look, the better you will feel.
a. confide b. confident c. confidently d. confidence
5. My parents will have celebrated 30 years of _______ by next week.
a. marry b. married c. marriageable d. marriage
6. Many Vietnamese people ______ their lives for the revolutionary cause of the nation
a. sacrifice b. sacrificed c. sacrificial d. sacrificially
7. They had a ______ candlelit dinner last night and she accepted his proposal of marriage.
a. romance b. romantic c. romantically d. romanticize
8. Are there any _____, between Vietnamese and American culture?
a. differences b. different c. differently d. differential
11. Some people are concerned with physical _______when choosing a wife or husband. a.
attractive b. attraction c. attractiveness d. attractively
12. What could be more_______ than a wedding on a tropical island? a.
romance b. romantic c. romanticizing d. romanticism
13. In my hometown, many people still believe in_______ marriage. a.
contract b. contractual c. contracts d. contracting
14. _____ women are responsible for the chores in the house and taking care of the children.
a. With tradition b. On tradition c. Traditional d. Traditionally
15. Though their performance was not perfect yet, the students held the audience's____ until the end.
a. attentive b. attention c. attentively d. attentiveness
16. The survey will cover various ways of ___________ the different attitudes toward love and
marriage of today's youth.
a. determination b. determine c. determined d. determining
17. Both Asian and Western students seem ___ about how to answer the questionnaire of
the survey.
a. confusedly b. confused c. confusing d. confusion
19. She was__ unaware of the embarrassing situation due to her different cultural
background. a. complete b. completed c. completing d.
completely
20. What is more important to you, intelligence or___________________?
a. attraction b. attractiveness c. attractive d. attracted

UNIT 3: WAYS OF SOCIALISING

1. The family has a very important role in_____________ children.
A. social B. socialist C. socializing D. socialism
3. In U. S. schools, teachers don't mind their students'___________ them during the lectures.
A. interrupt B. interrupted C. interrupting D. to interrupt
4. His achievements were partly due to the____________ of his wife.
A. assist B. assistant C. assisted D. assistance
5. By working day and night, they succeeded____________ their work in time.
A. finished B. to finish C. finishing D. in finishing
6. They started, as ___ gatherings but they have become increasingly formalized in the last few years.
A. informal B. informally C. informalize D. informality
7. Children who are isolated and lonely seem to have poor language and ________.
A. communicate B. communication C. communicative D. communicator
8. The lecturer explained the problem very clearly and is always ____in response to questions.
A. attention B. attentive C. attentively D. attentiveness
9. I make no __________ for encouraging my children to succeed in school.
A. apologize B. apologetic C. apologies D. apoplectic
10. It was very more __________of a chat than an interview.
A. formal B. informal C. formality D. informality
Unit 4: SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM
Exercise: Choose the most suitable word or phrase
1. As an _______, Mr. Pike is very worried about the increasing of juvenile delinquency.
a. educate b. education c. educator d. educative
2. In England, primary education is provided by state schools run by the government and by _______ fee-paying
schools.
a. independent b. independently c. depended d. independence
3. He did not do well at school and left with few _______ qualifications.
a. academic b. academy c. academician d. academically
4. The Minister of the Education and Training Department appeared on TV last night to------- his new policy.
a. public b. publicly c. publicize d. publicizing
5. He owed his success not to privilege but to self-education and a driving desire for _____.
a. achieve b. achiever c. achievement d. achievable
6. To Vietnamese students, the _______ examination to university is very difficult.
a. require b. requirement c. requiring d. required
7. Despite many recent _______ advances, there are parts where schools are not equipped with computers.
a. technology b. technological c. technologically d. technologist
8. There is a wide range of _______ in the education system of the USA.
a. select b. selective c. selected d. selection
10. Military is_____ in this country. Every man who reaches the age of 18 has to serve
in the army for two years.
a. compulsory b. optional c. illegal d. unnecessary
UNIT 5: HIGHER EDUCATION
Exercise: Choose the best option
3. He was the only _______ that was offered the job.
a. apply b. application c. applicant d. applying
4. Parents can express a _______ for the school their child attends.
a. prefer b. preference c. preferential d. preferable
5. Many people have objected to the use of animals in _____ experiments.
a. science b. scientist c. scientific d. scientifically
6. I would like to invite you to participate in the ceremony_______.
a. graduate b. graduated c. graduation d. graduating
7. Mr. Pike provided us with an _______ guide to the full-time and part-time programs on offer to a range of
candidates drawn from schools and colleges.
a. inform b. informative c. informed d. information
8. Not many places at the universities are left, so choice is on a severe _______.
a. limiting b. limitation c. delimitation d. limited
9. You should ask him about your choice because he often made the right ………………..
A. decides B. decision C. decisive D. deciding
10. Can you tell me about the……………process to tertiary study in Vietnam?
A. applies B. applying C. application D. apply

UNIT 6: FUTURE JOBS

Exercise: Choose the best option
1. I am so _______ that I cannot say anything, but keep silent.
a. nerve b. nervous c. nervously d. nervousness
2. A letter of _______ is sometimes really necessary for you in a job interview.
a. recommend b. recommended c. recommender d. recommendation
3. Doctors have to assume _______ for human life.
a. responsible b. responsibly c. responsibility d. responsibles
4. He was offered the job thanks to his _______ performance during his job interview.
a. impress b. impression c. impressive d. impressively
5. The interviewer gave his consent to John's ____for work and promised to give him a job.
a. keen b. keenly c. keener d. keenness
6. _______! I have heard of your success in the new project.
a. Congratulate b. Congratulating c. Congratulation d. Congratulations
7. It is _______ to fail a job interview, but try again.
a. disappoint b. disappointing c. disappointedly d. disappointment
10. I don't like_________jobs. In fact, I never want to work under high pressure.
a. stress b. stressed c. stressing d. stressful
UNIT 10: ENDANDERED SPECIES
Exercise: Choose the best answer
1. _______ is a branch of Natural Science, and is the study of living organisms and how they interact with their
environment.
a. Biology b. Biological c. Biologist d. Biologically
2. A / an ______species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct.
a. dangerous b. endanger c. endangered d. endangerment
3. Only a few of the many species at risk of extinction actually make it to the lists and obtain legal ___.
a. protect b. protection c. protective d. protector
3. Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with ____.
a. extinct b. extinction c. extinctive d. extinctly
4. Current extinction rates are at least 100 to 1,000 times higher than _______ rates found in the fossil record.
a. nature b. natural c. naturally d. naturalness
5. It is reported that humans are the main reason for most species' declines and habitat _______ and degradation
are the leading threats.
a. destroy b. destructive c. destructor d. destruction
6. They eventually realize that reckless _______ of the earth's resources can lead only to eventual global disaster.
a. exploit b. exploitable c. exploitation d. exploitative
7. Farmers make their soil more productive by distributing _______.
a. fertile b. fertility c. fertilizers d. fertilizable
8. Chemical wastes from factories are _____ that cause serious damage to species habitats.
a. pollutes b. pollutants c. pollutions d. polluters
9. Development of the area would _________wildlife.
a. danger b. dangerous c. endanger d. dangerously
10. England was one of the first countries to ____________.
a. industry b. industrial c. industrialize d. industrialization
11. Their ____________is rejected due to some problems of pollution.
a. suggest b. suggestion c. suggestive d. suggestible
12. We all regard pollution as a ____________matter to human beings.
a. serious b. seriously c. seriousness d. seriousful
13. The people in our village are leading a ________life.
a. peace b. peaceful c. peacefully d. peacefulness
14. We have to suffer a lot of floods due to our serious of forests.
a. destroy b. destructive c. destruction d. destructor
UNIT 11: BOOKS
Exercise: Choose the best answer.
1. This book is not really ________. It is a waste of money buying it.
a. inform b. information c. informative d. informatively
2. Sometimes it is ________ to find suitable books for our children.
a. difficult b. difficulty c. difficultly d. difficulties
3. Read the book ________ and you can find the information you need.
a. care b. careful c. carefulness d. carefully
4. Not many people find reading more ________ than watching TV.
a. interest b. interested c. interesting d. interestingly
5. To become a novelist, you need to be ________.
a. imagine b. imagination c. imaginative d. imaginarily
6. Mary enjoys reading _____, adventure, and whatever else she can either buy or borrow.
a. romance b. romantic c. romanticize d. romanticism
7. The novel has had a tremendous impact on ________ and publishing markets.
a. entertain b. entertainer c. entertainment d. entertainingly
8. The children have very different __________.
a. person b. personal c. personality d. personalities
9. He talked ____________ of the past and his youth.
a. romance b. romantic c. romantically d. romances
10. Star Wars was created by a highly_________ writer.
a. imaginable b. imaginative c. imaginary d. imagination
15. The film The First to Fly is an____biography of the two famous Wright brothers.
a. entertainer b. entertaining c. entertained d. entertainment
th
UNIT 13: THE 22 SEA GAMES
Exercise: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentence.
1. Johnny used to be one of the most _______ athletes in my country.
a. succeed b. success c. successful d. successfully
2. The 22nd SEA Games consisted of athletes from eleven _____ countries.
a. participate b. participant c. participation d. participating
3. _______, the athlete broke the world's record with two attempts.
a. Surprise b. Surprised c. Surprising d. Surprisingly
4. Before the 22nd SEA Games, Vietnam had made a good _______ in every aspect.
a. prepare b. preparation c. preparative d. preparer
5. The second part of the program in the 22nd SEA Games opening ceremony was named "_______ for Peace".
a. Cooperate b. Cooperation c. Cooperative d. Cooperatively
6. The success of the 22nd SEA Games had a great contribution of many _______ volunteers.
a. support b. supporter c. supportive d. supportively

UNIT 14: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Exercise: Choose the best answer
1. The International Red Cross helps people in need without any discrimination based on _______, race, religion,
class or political opinions.
a. national b. nationally c. nationality d. native
2. The International Committee of the Red Cross is a private _______ institution founded in 1863 in Geneva,
Switzerland.
a. human b. humanity c. humanization d. humanitarian
3. In former days, after the battles soldiers on both sides died or were left wounded on the field without any
_______ attendance and basic care.
a. medicine b. medical c. medication d. medically
4. All payments to the ICRC are _______ and are received as donations.
a. volunteer b. voluntary c. voluntarily d. voluntariness
5. The Red Cross organizes and leads relief assistance missions after ______, such as natural disasters, man-made
disasters, and epidemics.
a. emergent b. emergencies c. emergently d. emergence
6. One of the tasks of the Red Cross is also to support local _____ care projects.
a. health b. healthy c. healthful d. healthily
8. According to World Bank figures, 41 per cent of Brazilians live in absolute _______.
a. poor b. poorer c. poorly d. poverty
9. Up until the middle of the 19th century, there were no _______ and well established army nursing systems for
casualties.
a. organize b. organized c. organizational d. organizers
UNIT 15: WOMEN IN SOCIETY
Exercise: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentence.
1. A child receives his early ________ from their parents.
a. educate b. education c. educator d. educative
2. Thanks to the women's liberation women can take part in ____ activities.
a. social b. society c. socially d. socialize
3. To preserve that ________, it was necessary to preserve the people that had created it.
a. civil b. civilize c. civility d. civilization
4. The Prime Minister is to consider changes to sexually ________ laws to enforce equal opportunities.
a. discriminate b. discrimination c. discriminatory d. discriminated
5. In former days, women were considered not to be suitable for becoming a ________.
a. politics b. political c. politically d. politician
6. Western women are more ________ than Asian women.
a. depend b. dependent c. independent d. independently
7. In some communities a husband's ________ over his wife is absolute.
a. power b. powerful c. powerfully d. powered
8. I think that up to now there has not been a real ________ between men and women.
a. equal b. equally c. equality d. equalize
9. It is illegal to___________on grounds of race, sex or religion.
a. differ b. differentiate c. discriminate d. certify