data

t,nproduct
types 2616, 2623, 2624,
2625 and 2626

accelerometerpreamplifiers
Vibration Pick- up Preom;,llfler Conditioning Amplifier
Chot'Q*~ Type 2!>25
Type26i!.t Type 2626
8'uel& K;,. _....__
, .... ~ s.n,it!~ity p( /g -... R

S.n11!ivity rnV/pC
Low.,Llt!llting Frequenq,

0.1

• m
30Hx
•
o.o!H,fl>

r
JHz
•0.1
0.3Hx
•••
Brilel & ICjcar
c_,.....

,~)
lnpi.it
·-
0wP4)t

88

Common Features: Common Uses:

• Wide frequency range • Vibration measurements with
• Wide dynamic range accelerometers
• High input impedance • Vibration monitoring
• Wide application range • General purpose impedance
• Small size conversion
As the capacitive output impedance of the ac-
Preamplifiers Types 2616, celerometer is very high the associated ampli-
fier must be of a special design having a high
2623, 2624, 2625 and 2626 input impedance. This is necessary in order to
avoid loading of the accelerometer and thereby
When measuring vibration by means of an ac- obtaining decreased sensitivity and limitation
celerometer it is necessary to incorporate a at the low end of the frequency range.
preamplifier between this and the measuring
The B & K preamplifiers are designed according
amplifier. The preamplifier is introduced in the
to two different amplifier principles 1) the volt-
measuring circuit for two reasons:
age preamplifier and 2) the charge amplifier.
1) to amplify the relatively weak output signal The output signal of the voltage preamplifier is
from the accelerometer and 2) to transform the directly proportional to the input voltage where-
high output impedance of the accelerometer as the output signal of the charge amplifier is
into a lower value. The signal from the piezo- proportional to the input charge.
electric accelerometer appears as a voltage
across a capacitive impedance. This charge is Voltage Preamplifiers
proportional to the acceleration to which the The voltage preamplifier is based on the use of
accelerometer is exposed. the accelerometer as a voltage source. This

E&K I:NSTRUMENTS. I:NO.

Bril.el &- B:ja.er Precision J:natrun>enta
10-156
requires the input impedance to be high and non- the change of charge appearing at the input
capacitive. Hereby the unavoidable reduction of when the accelerometer is vibrated. This charge
the accelerometers sensitivity is kept as small is transformed in the amplifier {which is a high
as possible and independent of frequency in gain operational amplifier with capacitive feed-
almost the entire measuring range. The capa- back) into, a voltage signal at the output. As
citance of the connecting cable between the the amplifier is only sensitive to changes in in-
accelerometer and the preamplifier will load the put charge the capacitance of the cable between
accelerometer. Thus the sensitivity of the system the accelerometer and the amplifier is of little
will also depend on the cable used. importance when the cable has a fixed capa-
citance. Of the five amplifiers described here
Charge Ampllflers the Types 2616, 2623 and 2625 are voltage ampli-
The charge amplifier is based on the use of the fiers and the Types 2624 and 2626 are charge
accelerometer as a charge source. It works on amplifiers.

Preamplifier Type 2616

Specific Features: Specific Uses:
• Overload indicator • Vibration preamplifier in
• Adjustable gain battery operated set-ups
• Operates on 6 to 35 V DC • Shock measurements

The Preamplifier Type 2616 is designed for assures a high input impedance of 1200 MQ,
mounting near to the accelerometer thus en- wide frequency range, and low noise. The input
abling short cables to be used to the transducer is decoupled by a 2000 pF capacitator and the
and long cables to the indicating instrument. input stage is DC coupled to the second feed-
This ensures that noise and loss in the cable do back amplifier stage.
not interfere with the measurements when the The equivalent circuit of the preamplifier is
measuring instrument is a long distance from shown in Fig. 1.
the accelerometer. The maximum output current where clipping
A field-effect transistor {F ET) in the input stage occurs is 1 mA, which gives the high frequency
limits shown in Fig. 2.
The maximum input voltage is 1 V RMS {pos.
0 dB) and 100 V RMS {pos. - 40 dB).
The gain of the amplifier can be switched from
>1200MJl O dB to - 40 dB and a potentiometer attenuates
the signal over a range of about 20 dB.
A peak-indicating overload indicator shows the
266004' peak value of the input signal for crest factors
Fig. 1. Equivalent diagram of Type 2616. up to 10 and for frequencies higher than 20 Hz
and indicates when the amplifier is clipping.
101
The output impedance is less than 100 Q.
The 2616 is powered by 6 Mallory cells {1.35 V
5
pF
'
'' '' '' each) which are contained in a battery compart-

105
2
'
''
''
' ' ' '' ment attached to the preamplifier {Fig. 4).

2
'
' "~
' '7V
'
I'\..0·1V
'rr--..
' 'rr,...
10'
'
' ', '
' ' ' ' "'
5
''
2
'
103
5
'
' ''
2
102 2 5 1a3 2 5 10' 2
'
'
5 105 2 Hz 5 101
2670&6
Fig. 2. High frequency llmlts of Type 2616 for different Fig. 3. Exploded view of the battery compartment In Type
loads and output voltages. 2616.

2
 Preamplifier Type 2623
Specific Features:
• Operates in extreme dynamic Specific Uses:
environments • Vibration. measurements in extreme
• Small size environments
• Vibration measurements where
The Preamplifier Type 2623 is designed as an preamplifier should be very near
impedance transformer having a very high input transducer
impedance and a low output impedance. This
compact, rugged unit operates in extreme • Shock measurements
dynamic environments and mounts on or near capacitor to a very high input impedance of
the transducer, eliminating the effects of noise more than 2 GQ (2 X 109 Q) at room temperature
and losses in connecting cables and permitting obtained by using a field-effect transistor.
the use of readout instrumentation at a consider- The input impedance reduces with temperature,
able distance from the measuring point. but is still greater than 200 MQ at 1oo·c.Tem-
The Preamplifier is ideal for low level, low fre- perature does not affect the gain of the ampli-
quency measurements, yet its dynamic range of fier.
110 dB from 0.1 Hz to 500 kHz also permits The input coupling capacitor and the input im-
measurements at high signal levels. pedance determine the low frequency cut-off
Noise due to direct vibration of the unit is not and this varies with temperature as shown in
measurable in the presence of the vibration Fig. 5.
noise of the connecting cables, so that the am-
plifier can be mounted directly onto an accelero- 101
"'
meter, or very close to it. The unit's inherent low
noise also makes it suitable for impedance con- pF
5
'' "" " ~

version of other piezoelectric devices, such as

microphones, hydrophones, pressure trans-
2
105
'
''
''
' ' " ,o.w I'\. I'\.
ducers, etc.
1000pF
5 '
' ~ '""
' '7V
~

o---1------. 2
10'
·, I\.. 'I\..
'' 'I\.. "
5
'' '\ ' '\
3.SpF Output 2
10
3 '' """,
5 ' ' I\..
"'
Note: DC potential at output terminals
267067
2
102 2 5 103 2 5 10' 2 5 105 2 Hz 5 101
!267066
'
Fig. 4. Equivalent diagram of Type 2623.
Fig. 6. High frequency limits of Type 2623 for different
The 2623 contains a two stage preamplifier, hav- loads and output voltages.
ing a gain of unity (0 dB). From Fig. 4, which The capacitive load will affect the upper cut-off
shows the equivalent circuit of the unit, it can frequencies, where clipping occurs, as shown
be seen that the input is led via a 1000 pF in Fig. 6. A load of 10 nF (about 100 m of cable)
2D
at 1 V RMS output will give an upper limiting
Hz
frequency of 15 kHz.
The 2623 requires an external power supply of
1.0
28 V DC. Current consumption is 2 mA. When
Lower
llrnlting
hqulflC
Transducer and conn•cting coble
capocitonce • 1000 pF total

I used in conjunction with one of the B & K

0.5

v· Clamp

~~~~
Preamplifier
lype2623

__., ~ Output
0.2 ~~nv
V Adaptor
-
o.,
20 30 !50 &O 70 80 90 100
Tempero1Uft' °C Fig. 7. Mounting of the pre-
amplifier Type 2623 near or
Fig. 5. Variation of low frequency cut-off with temperature. on top of the accelerometer.

3
measuring units, Adaptor ZR 0024 can be used The unit can be mounted directly onto an acce-
to supply the necessary voltage and provide lerometer by means of an adaptor supplied, or
microcircuit connections. The modular power it can be mounted nearby with the clamp sup-
supply, Type 2805, can also be used and can plied (see Fig. 7), using screws or a magnet.
supply up to ten units at a time.

Charge Amplifier Type 2624

Specific Features:
• Frequency range down to 0.003 Hz
• Permissible capacitive load at input
max. 1 µF
• Short rise time Specific Uses:
• Modular construction for B & K • Vibration measurements with long or
system different cables to accelerometer
The Charge Amplifier Type 2624 is independent • Low frequency measurements
of type and length of cable to the accelerometer • Shock measurements
within wide limits making it especially attractive 10~-------~---~----
in vibration measurements where cables of
different type and length are used to the ac-
celerometer. The amplifier also gives the possi-
bility of measurements at very low frequencies
such as measurement of shocks.
·-
(RMS)
2>------+-----------....-_,.___.,,-+,.__...,,~.__...

I ut Input ClassB Out ut

Circuit Output 1--,....-......---<l

Feedback
Ca citor
'-------......----t c,

R, ~~.__~~s'--~,~.-,'--~-w'..--~2--,'--~,d~~,-...___.
Ftoquoncy Hz

Overload
Indicator Fig. 9. Distortion limits for Type 2624 for different loads
and output voltages.
Fig. 8. Block diagram of Type 2624. The table gives the frequency response of the
2624 in the different sensitivity ranges. The
The amplifier contains an input circuit with a values are valid when the capacitive load at the
field effect transistor which gives a high input input is negligible.
impedance of more than 10 GQ. See block dia-
gram Fig. 8.
The input circuit is followed by a high gain Sensitivity -3 dB Frequency Range
operational amplifier and a class B output stage mV/pC point, Hz Hz
which delivers the relatively high capacitive
current required by the feedback capacitor Cr at 0.1 0.03--30,000 ± 1 0/o
high frequencies. The feedback resistor Rr sta-
0.003
bilizes the DC level of the amplifier. The output
1 0.03 0.3--30,000 ± 1 0/o
voltage is proportional to the charge appearing
10 0.3 5-10,000 ± 5 0/o
across the accelerometer.
0.1 0.3 3--30,000 ± 1 0/o
The preamplifier is provided with an overload
1 3 30-30,000 ± 1 0/o
indicator which lights up when the dynamic
10 30 150-10,000 ± 5 0/o
range is exceeded and when the amplifier is
blocked due to saturation. A reset button is Fig. 10. Frequency response for different sensitivity
settings.
used for recovery of normal working conditions
after overload. The output may be scaled to 0.1, Input and output sockets are microsockets 10-32
1 or 10 mV/pC giving different low frequency NF and the preamplifier is completely protected
limlts. See table Fig. 10. against overload and short circuits.

4
Vibration Pick-up Preamplifier _,.................
,;~·.::.--;~t.;:;_
Type 2625 "'""'
-
,........ .,,.,.,._

;.t-
•.
. ' -~:;,
......- ..
,

O'to"tO'!

~-:
Specific Features:
• Acceleration, Velocity and Displace- Specific Uses:
ment networks • Measurement of acceleration, velocity
• Three selectable inputs and displacement with an accelero-
• Adjustable gain meter
• Modular construction for B & K • Comparison measurements
system • Triaxial measurements
The Vibration Pick-up Preamplifier Type 2625 is The Selector Switch also controls four different
especially designed for the measurement of gain ranges for the three inputs: 1) variable from
velocity and displacement in addition to ac- -40 dB to - 20 dB, 2) variable from O dB to
celeration as it is provided with integration net- 20 dB, 3) fixed at - 40 dB, 4) fixed at O dB.
works. The signal is fed to the differential amplifier and
It is provided with three inputs (micro socket output stage (which have feedback adjustment)
type 10-32 NF) with individual sensitivity adjust- via the field effect transistor input stage (input
ment (see Fig. 11). The three input sockets are impedance variable between 450 MQ and 3 GQ
connected to the Selector Switch which selects depending on gain setting) and further into the
one of the three inputs and short circuits the integration networks. These networks provide
other two. It will accommodate three accelero- for the velocity and displacement function.
meters at once, making comparative measure- The integration networks are passive RC net-
ments very easy. This also makes the preampli- works with the frequency ranges as stipulated
fier ideally suited for triaxial measurements. in the table Fig. 12. The networks are used In
order to obtain the best possible signal to noise
Selector Capacitive Input Differential Output Integration i-----------------1
Switch Attenuator Stage Amplifier Stage Networks
: -- ZR 0024 ---- :

-*I-
T
FET
> > ~
T

'----I~

Feedback
Adjustement
1----~

> Po_,
Amplifier

Fig. 11. Block diagram of Type 2625.

Frequency 2
Mode Range
Range Hz 0
dB .,. -
~
.,, .....
-...-
Vel. 3.16 m/sec 1-4000 -2 1.... /' /
Vel. 0.316 - 10-10,000 I/

-
-A , II
Vel. 0.0316 - 100-30,000 OclB_.,L 10c1B77~8- hOclB-
-V-20dB
Displ.
Displ.
1000 mm
100 -
1-30
3-100
-6
-8 /
/ I/
. /
/
/
,
Displ. 10 - 10-300 -10
Displ. 1 - 30-1000
Displ. 0.1 - 100-3000 0.01Hz 0.1Hz 1Hz
Dlspl. 0.01 - 300-10,000
Fig. 13. Lower frequency response curves of Type 2625 for
Fig. 12. Frequency ranges of the Integration networks. different gain settings.

5
 , 10
ratio by setting the low frequency limit as high
" "- "
as possible. "'~
~~
Output

""'""~ ""'"-~
In the acceleration mode the integration net- ""''-
RMS
,o"pF
works are not incorporated. The Preamplifier 2

has a power supply selector for choice of three

sources of supply: 1) Power Supply ZR 0024, 2)
tO
""'""'~""'""'""'""'"'
""'~ ~""'""' ~""
1ef~
other external power supply, 3) built-in batteries.
In the two latter positions the output is taken
from the built-in power amplifier. In these posi- Limit for 0.5 .,_ distortion,
no input co.poc1tance, ""'""~ I'-

tions the maximum output current ( ± 2.3 mA) is

""'""~""'I'-"'
5 •1. distortion, maximum
0.1 input capacitance.

available.
The lower frequency response for different gain
setting is shown in Fig. 13.
"'~~""'
10 kHz
Gain
20 dB
20 dB gain
100 kHz

--
0.01
10 2 5 10• 2 5 10 2 10' 2 S
F,-qu.ncy (Hz) "' 10'

................... ............ _
.... Fig. 15. High frequency limits of Type 2625 without output
amplifier for different loads and output voltages.
10 dB

When operated from Ext. Power or Batt. the

r-0 dB gain -+---+----+--+----t---t-----1-+-t------'I 4
power amplifier is incorporated. This gives a
OdB ~---- ,-...--- 5
maximum output voltage and current of ± 7 V
........... 6 and ± 2.3 mA, thus reducing the loading re-
-10 dB+-----t---+--+--+----+-+-+-+-+-'~,.....,,._-'-"i ...... 7 striction considerably as shown in Fig. 16.
10
8
-20 dB~--~-~-~~~~~~--~
5

~ ~
Frequency

I~
Output
Voltage
(RMS)
2

"""""~"""""
Fig. 14. Upper frequency response curves of Type 2625.
Curve Identification: Full llne curves: response with output
amplifier. Dashed curves: without output amplifier. Input
signal levels: 1 and 2: 0.1 V RMS. 3 and 4: 0.5 V RMS. Limit tor negligible
5 and 6: 1 V RMS. 7 and 8: 5 V RMS. distortion.
0 dB ;ain setting

Fig. 14 shows the upper frequency response for

two different gain settings and four different
signal levels. The curves give the response with
the power amplifier and without.
When the preamplifier is operated from the
ZR 0024 Power Supply the maximum output volt-
0.1

"""'
age and current available in position Accel. is 0.01
10 2 5 1o' s ,a, 5 104 2 s 101
± 7 V and ± 1 mA. Fig. 15 shows the limitation Frequency Hz
26,,J3

of high frequency performance when working Fig. 16. High frequency limits of Type 2625 with output
with capacitive loads. amplifier for different loads and output voltages.

Conditioning Amplifier
Type 2626
Specific Features:
• 3 digit transducer conditioning pC/g
• Direct read-out of amplifier
sensitivity volt/g
• High gain, 60 dB
• Step wise adjustable HP and LP filters
• Overload and underload indicators Specific Uses:
• Output direct coupled with negligible • Vibration measurements with long
DC of-set or transformer coupled cables between transducer and
floating amplifier
• Fast recovery • General purpose vibration
• Low noise measurements including servo loops

6
The Conditioning Amplifier Type2626 is designed The amplifier h·as a rated output stepwise adjust-
as a charge amplifier. It offers wide conditioning able between 1 mV/g and 10 V/g depending on
possibilities to different transducers and measur- the sensitivity of the transducer. The maximum
ing requirements. The amplifier features a 3 digit gain is 60 dB.
sensitivity adjustment network which enables the Adjustable HP. and LP filters are available. The
amplifier sensitivity to be adjusted to the par- filter scales give the 5 % as well as the 3 dB
ticular transducer used. The network is cali- frequency limits.
brated in pC/g.

Overload -20 dB
~--------i
indicator indicator

Reset Transducer
sensitivity pC/g
000 Output ampl.

> + > >

Input LP HP Direct

i---+----i
2 pole 1 pole Output
Transf.

:
r------,
'1
/
,----------i------;----...
~~
0 00
/ \ I ' '

u' Volt/g Upper

frequency
/ Lower
I frequency
limit / limit
0 I
-----------------------------....I
Fig. 17. Block diagram of Type 2626.

Fig. 17 shows the block diagram of the amplifier. through a transformer (switchable) for floating
The signal from the transducer is fed to the output. Two neon indicators are connected to
input section of the 2626 which contains an the output, one acts as an overload indicator,
amplifier stage with capacitive feedback forming the other indicates when the signal level is more
a charge amplifier. The signal goes on to the than 20 dB below full output.
conditioning section where the sensitivity is The frequency response of the amplifier will be
adjusted to match the transducer and further to influenced by loading of the input and the out-
a Low Pass filter (2 pole Butterworth) and a High put. Fig. 18 shows the upper frequency limits for
Pass filter (single pole) where the upper and different output loads and output voltages. The
lower frequency limits of the amplifier are deter- curves show the response for a large signal
mined. From the filters the signal is fed to an (20 Vpp) and a small signal (2 Vpp). Fig. 19
output amplifier and further to the output. The shows the upper frequency limits for different
signal is available either directly coupled or input loads and sensitivity settings.
VPP
20-F==f:====l=====t:~===l=""""l...;::-+--~--i~

1-1
0
>...-2+----+--f-----+---l-~-+---->,-+~---*
5.
5 -3+---t~~f--~--t~~-t~--t----+---::::~~~
0
~ -4+----+-~f--~--f~~-t-~-+-~-+--*-----+\-+-~

3 k 6k 10 k 20k 30 k 50k 100 kHz 3 k 5k 10 k 20k 30 k 60k 100kHz

Frequency
Fn,quency:>.""25~ 2'1o2~

Fig. 18. Upper frequency limits for different output loads. Fig. 19. Upper frequency limits for different source
(Distortion approx. 1 0/o). capacitances and Input sensitivities.

7
 Specifications
B & K Type no. 2618
I 2323 2624

> 10 GQ (Input DC
2625 2628

> 10 GQ (Input DC
Input Impedance > 1.2 GQ >2GQ 450 MQ to 3 GQ
shunt resistance) shunt resistance)
--------- ----

Input Capacitance 10 pF 3.5 pF Charge input 14 pF Charge input

--
100V RMS ± 700V
Max. Input Signal 7VRMS 10SpC 105pC
(in pos. - 40 dB) (in pos - 40 dB)

1 µF for 1 °/, error

Max. Input Load - - (in pos. 0.1 mV/pC) - -
1 Q (Y. loaded)* <30Q <10Q
Output Impedance <100 Q <40Q
3 to 5 Q (full load) (Power amplifier) (Direct)

Max. Output Voltage/ ± 7 V- ± 2.3 mA

1 mA 1 mA ± 10 V- ± 10 mA ± 10V- ± 10mA
Current (Power amplifier)

.:: 1 MQ
(Integration networks) Direct:> 1 kQ
Output Load Impedance >10 kQ >50kQ >1 kQ
.a: 3.5 kQ Transf.: > 10 kQ
(Power amplifier)
0.003 Hz to 100 kHz 1 Hz to 35 kHz
0.13 Hz to 500 kHz 0.16 Hz to 500 kHz 0.3 Hz to 100 kHz (3 dB)
Frequency Range (see curves and (see curves and
(1 nF at input) (1 nF at input) 1 Hz to 30 kHz (5 'lo)
table inside) table inside)

:a:;25 µV :s;15 µV max. 20 ,uV +

<20,uV
< 10,uV RMS
Noise (2 Hz to 40 kHz) (2 Hz to 40 kHz) (2 Hz to 40 kHz)
max. 10 ,uV/100 pF"" RTI
1 nF at input) (1 nF at input) (1 nF at input)

Harmonic Distortion < 1 .,. < 1 .,.

< 0.5 •t, (no cap. load) < 1 °/o(5 V RMS < 1 .,.
< 5 °/, (full cap. load) input, acc. mode)

Fixed o dB and - 40 dB
Gain
+ 1.5 dB to - 20 dB 0 dB± 0.05 dB
0.1-1-10
Variable o to 20 dB 60 dB
(attenuator on O dB) (- 20, 0, + 20 dB)
and - 40 dB to - 20 dB

Prop. to pulse height Prop. to pulse height

Rise Time 1 µsec 3 µsec
Typically 1.8 V/µsec
- Typlcally 5 V/µsec

Overload Recovery Time - - ;;;: 5 msec - 10 ,usec

6 to 35 V DC 28V DC
3 to 10 mA or 28V DC 28V DC 2 or 7 mA or 100 to 240 V AC
Power Supply
internal battery 2 mA 17 to 40 mA internal battery <70mA
B & K no: QB 0007 B & K no: QB 0010
----
Six mercury cells
Three 9 V batteries
lntarnal Battery Supply 1.35 V Mallory: RM1R None None None
IEC Type 6F22
IEC Type MR7
-
Dimensions: Height 66 mm (2.6 In) 45 mm (1.77 in) (length) 132.6 mm (5.22 in) 132.6 mm (5.22 In) 132.6 mm (5.22 In)
Width 52 mm (2 in) (diam.) 14 mm (0.55 in) (diam.) 30.3 mm (1.19 in) 61 mm (2.40 In) 69.5 mm (2.74 In)
Depth 200 mm (7.87 in) 200 mm (7.87 in) 200 mm (7.87 In)
-
Weight 290 g (10.3 oz) 20.6 g (0.73 oz) 585 g (1.29 lb) 820 g (1.8 lb) 1.75 kg (3.89 lb)
---------
Acessories Included 1 Cable AO 0037 1 Adaptor UA 0144 2 Cables AO 0037 2 Cables AO 0037 -
1 Allen Key QA 0013 11 Clamp DH 0120 1 Coaxial Plug
6 Batteries OB 0007 2 Cables AO 0037 JP 0101
1 Allen Key QA 0013

• Charge Input
"" Source Capacitance

5111 West
~ :S&~r<1:,~~:i::!~!;n~:=:..s::.
164th Street• Cleveland, Ohio 44142. Telephone: (216) 267-4800
:CNC.
• TWX: (810) 421-8266
121 West Manchester Blvd. • Inglewood. California 90301. Telephone: (213) 678-2674 • TWX: (9101 328-6524