I.

Introduction to the Teaching Profession

A. Definition and Importance of Teaching

Teaching is a noble profession that involves facilitating learning and shaping the future of individuals and
society. Teachers play a crucial role in developing knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values among
students.

Key Roles of a Teacher:

●​ Facilitator of Learning – Guides students in acquiring knowledge.
●​ Motivator – Encourages students to develop a love for learning.
●​ Role Model – Sets examples of good behavior and ethics.
●​ Evaluator – Assesses student performance and learning progress.
●​ Counselor – Provides guidance and support for students’ personal and academic challenges.

II. Philosophical Foundations of Education

A. Classical Philosophies
Philosophy Key Features Implications in Teaching

Perennialism ●​ Education should focus on ●​ Use of Socratic

eternal truths and universal questioning, discussions
knowledge. on great books, and
●​ Emphasizes classic literature, deep analysis of
philosophy, and moral values. philosophical and
●​ Teacher-centered, with a ethical issues.
structured curriculum. ●​ Encourages critical
thinking and logical
reasoning.

Essentialism ●​ Focuses on core subjects (Math, ●​ Teacher acts as an

Science, English, History). authority figure.
●​ Believes in a rigid, structured ●​ Instruction is mostly
curriculum. lecture-based and
●​ Emphasizes discipline, hard structured.
work, and teacher authority. ●​ Prioritizes basic skills
and standardized testing.

Progressivism ●​ Learning is student-centered and ●​ Use of hands-on

based on experiences. activities, experiments,
●​ Emphasizes problem-solving, and group projects.
inquiry, and real-world ●​ Encourages critical
applications. thinking and
●​ Encourages collaborative and problem-solving.
active ●​ Teacher acts as a guide
and facilitator rather
than just an information
provider.

Existentialism ●​ Education should focus on

 individual choice and personal
meaning.
●​ Rejects a fixed curriculum,
allowing students to pursue their
own interests.
●​ Emphasizes creativity, freedom,
and responsibility.

III. The Legal Bases of Education in the Philippines

A. Constitutional and Legal Frameworks
The 1987 Philippine Constitution (Article XIV: Education, Science, and Technology)

Mandates free and compulsory basic education (elementary and secondary).

Promotes quality and accessible education for all.
Encourages non-formal, technical, and vocational education.
Republic Act 10533 (Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 - K to 12 Program)

Extends basic education from 10 years to 12 years.

Strengthens the curriculum with Spiral Progression and Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education
(MTB-MLE).
Republic Act 7836 (Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994)

Establishes the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET).

Requires teachers to register and obtain a Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) license.
Republic Act 4670 (Magna Carta for Public School Teachers)

Ensures job security, fair salaries, and benefits for public school teachers.
Protects teachers from unjust dismissal and unfair workload distribution.
IV. Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers
The Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers (as per the Board for Professional Teachers under PRC)
serves as a moral and ethical guide for educators.

A. Key Provisions:
Commitment to Students

Teachers shall respect students' rights, dignity, and individuality.

No discrimination or unfair treatment.
Commitment to the Profession

Maintain professional competence and continuous learning.

Avoid dishonest practices, including falsification of records.
Commitment to the Community

Be a role model and uphold moral integrity.

Engage in community development activities.
Commitment to the Profession and Colleagues

Show respect and cooperation among fellow teachers.

Avoid public criticism of colleagues and the school system.
V. Teaching as a Vocation, Mission, and Profession
A. Teaching as a Vocation
Comes from the Latin word "vocare," meaning "to call".
Teachers are called to serve students and society selflessly.
B. Teaching as a Mission
Teaching involves more than just delivering lessons.
A teacher’s mission includes molding responsible citizens, fostering values, and nurturing talents.
C. Teaching as a Profession
Teachers are licensed professionals who must meet standards of competence and ethics.
Professionalism includes lifelong learning, research, and community involvement.
VI. Challenges and Realities in the Teaching Profession
Despite being a rewarding career, teaching has its own challenges.

Challenges​ Examples​ Possible Solutions

Low Salary​ Many teachers in public schools struggle financially.​ Advocate for higher wages, take
part-time opportunities.
Heavy Workload​ Administrative tasks, lesson planning, and extra duties.​ Time management,
work-life balance strategies.
Student Discipline​ Some students exhibit misbehavior and lack motivation.​ Use positive discipline,
parent-teacher collaboration.
Lack of Resources​ Schools in remote areas lack books, computers, etc.​ Creative teaching
strategies, fundraising, and partnerships.
VII. 21st Century Teaching and Learning
A. Characteristics of a 21st-Century Teacher
Tech-Savvy – Utilizes ICT tools (Google Classroom, Zoom, Edmodo).
Lifelong Learner – Continuously updates knowledge and skills.
Culturally Responsive – Respects diversity and promotes inclusivity.
Innovative – Uses differentiated instruction to address student needs.
B. Key Pedagogical Approaches
Approach​ Description​ Example
Constructivist Approach​Learners build their own understanding.​ Project-based learning, problem-solving.
Inquiry-Based Learning​Students ask questions and explore answers.​ Science experiments,
research-based activities.
Collaborative Learning​ Students work together to learn.​Group discussions, cooperative learning.
Blended Learning​ Combines face-to-face and online learning.​ Using Google Classroom for
assignments.
VIII. Reflection on the Teaching Profession
A. Why Choose Teaching?
Passion for Education – A desire to shape young minds.
Job Stability – Teachers are always in demand.
Lifelong Learning – Continuous growth and development.
Contribution to Society – Making a difference in people’s lives.
B. Ethical Considerations
Avoid favoritism and bias in teaching.
Uphold professionalism in social media.
Promote academic honesty and integrity.