D A N G L A N H D A O CONG CUOC OOl MOI
H^P Tiic VIET NfiM - fISEfIN (1995 - 2010)
ThS NGUYEN THI MAI
Ndm 2010 Id ndm co nhieu su kien ti-gng dgi ciia Ddng vd ddn tgc ta. Doi vdi ASEAN,
ndm 2010 Id ndm ban li de ASEAN ddy mgnh cdc no luc xdy dung cong dong ASEAN. Ndm
2010, Viet Nam ddm duong trgng trdch Chu tich ASEAN, cung Id thdi diem ghi nhdn 15
ndm Viet Nam dong hdnh ciing ASEAN phdn ddu vi hoa binh, dgc lap vdphdt triin.
N giy 28-7-1995 tai Bnmiy.
da dien ra sy kien lieh sir
quan trpng ddi vdi tidn
trinh hdi nhap cita Viet Nam, Id kdt
nap Viet Nam vio ASEAN dugc
td chirc.
Nhin lai 15 nam Viet Nam gia
nhap ASEAN, thye td lieh sir eiia
nudc ta da minh chimg quydt dinh
gia nhap ASEAN nam 1995 li mpt
budc ngoat trpng dai trdn mat tran
ddi ngoai ciia Viet Nam. gdp phan
thye hidn ehinh sich ddi ngoai rdng Thu tudng Nguyen Tdn DUng, Chti tick ASEAN 20JO phdt hieu tgi
Le khai mac Hoi nghi cdp cao ASEAN 16, Hd Ngi ngdy 8-4-2010
md. da dang hoi, da phuong hoi
quan he qudc te, vdi myc tidu hang
diu la cimg cd mdi trudng hoi binh, dn dinh, Li thinh vidn ciia ASEAN, Viet Nam da
ddng thdi tranh thii nhung didu kien qudc te va dang ed mot mdi trudng hda binh, dn dinh
thuan lgi cho cdng cupc xay dyng vi bio vd Td dd hpi nhap khu vyc vi qudc td nham phit
qudc. Vide Viet Nam gia nhap ASEAN khdng trien dat nudc. Mat khic, tang cudng sy hieu
ehi danh dau budc di diu tidn trong tidn trinh hdi bidt, tin cay lan nhau gitra Viet Nam va eic
nhap khu vyc va qudc td, ma cdn md diu cho nude thanh vien ciia ASEAN.
qua trinh thdng nhat Ddng Nam A trong mdt td Tham gia ASEAN, Viet Nam phi duge thg
chirc hgp tic khu vyc chung. bao viy, cam van, md cira ra vdi thg gidi bgn
ngoii. Trd thanh thanh vign ASEAN - mot td
* I Ipc \ ien CT-HC quoc gia Hd Chi Minh ehirc.khu vyc ed uy tin. cd mdi quan he qudc td
52 TAP CHi LjCH SLf O A N G - S6 4/2010
DANG LANH OAO CONG CUOC 06l MOI
rdng rai, li td chirc duy nhit trdn thd gidi cd mdi da phuong hoa va da dang hoi cic quan he ddi
quan he ddi thoai thanh ea ehe vdi nhidu nude ngoai vdi tinh th&i Viet Nam mudn lim ban ciia tat
Idn vi td chire qudc td quan trpng ciia thd gidi. ei cic nudc trong cdng ddng thd gidi, phin diu \i
gdp phan cai thidn ding kd vi nang cao vi thd, hoa binh ddc lap vi phit tridn"'. Tren co sd quan
uy tin ciia Viet Nam trong quan he vdi eic nude didm ddi ngoai dd, Dai hdi cting dd ra phuang
d khu vyc ciing nhu trdn thd gidi. ASEAN nhu hudng ddi ngoai cy the trong quan he vdi .ASEAN
mdt "sin chai nhd" giup Viet Nam quen din l i ra sire tang cudng quan he vdi eic nudc lang
vdi eic luat choi chung cua qudc id trudc khi gidng va cie nude trong td chire ASEAN.
tham gia vio tien trinh hdi nhap ed quy md rdng Thang 12-1998, Viet Nam td chire, chu tri
Idn ban nhu APEC, WTO... thanh cdng Hdi nghi eip cao ASEAN VI tai
Tham gia vio ASEAN, Viet Nam khdng chi Ha Ndi, gdp phin duy tri doin kdt. hpp tie vi
dtmg lai d vide thye hidn diy dit cam kdt, nhiem ciing cd vi thd qudc td ciia ASEAN trong liic
vu ciia Hiep hdi, mi edn cd nhidu ddng gdp Hiep hdi dang d thcri didm khd khan nhit do
quan Upng trong vide xic dinh eic phuong tic ddng ciia eudc khiing hoing tii chinh tidn
hudng hgp tie vi tuong lai phit Uien, quydt te d khu vuc nam 1997. Qua dd, Viet Nam cd
sich Idn ciia ASEAN, phii hgp vdi lgi ich ciia them nhidu kinh nghiem de td chirc cac sy
Viet Nam, gdp phin tang cudng doin kgt va kien mang tam qudc te.
hgp tic Cling nhu nang eao vai trd vi vi thg qudc Cudi nam 1999, tinh hinh thd gidi tidp tuc
td ciia ASEAN. Viet Nam da va dang cimg cac didn bien phirc tap, trong bdi einh vira cd
nudc thanh vidn Uong Hidp hdi nd lyc xiy dyng nhung thuan lpi vi thdi ea Idn, vira dimg trudc
mdt khdi ASEAN doin ket, viing manh va phit nhung khd khan va thach thirc. HNTU' 4 khda
trien, tidn tdi xiy dyng mdt cdng ddng ASEAN VIII chi rd: "Chii ddng chuan bi cie didu kien
manh, nang ddng va gan bd chat ehe vdi nhau. cin thigt vg can bd, luit phap vi nhat la vd
Trong nhtmg nam 1995 - 2000, tinh hinh nhung sin phim ma chimg la cd kha nang
qudc td cd nhidu chuydn bidn nhanh chdng vi canh tranh de hdi nhip thi Uudng khu vuc va
phirc tap. C) trong nude, cdng eudc ddi mdi thd gidi... ed kd hoach cu thd chii ddng thye
thu dugc nhidu thinh tyu to Idn, GDP tang hien cie cam kdt Uong khudn khd AFTA" .
binh quin hang nam 7%, mdi nam hon 1,2 Hdi nghi dd ra nhidm vy "Xiy dyng Id trinh
trieu lao ddng cd vide lim mdi, giim dupe giam din thud nhap khau theo Hidp dinh uu dai
tren 40 van hd ddi ngheo, khoa hpc cdng thud quan (CEPT) ip dung trong eic nudc
nghd, van hda thdng tin, y td, the thao ed budc ASEAN va cic cam ket qudc td khac"l
phit trien, ndn kinh td bat dau cd tich liiy, ddi Gia nhip ASEAN dugc 5 nam, Viet Nam
sdng nhan dan dupe cii thidn ding kd, quan tham gia day du vi tich eye vao cic boat ddng
he ddi ngoai khdng ngimg dupe md rdng. ciia Hidp hdi. Qui trinh hdi nhap nhanh chdng vi
Tmdc tinh hinh do, Dai hdi lin thir VUI (1996) ddng gdp tich eye ciia Viet Nam dupe cac thinh
ciia Dang mdt lan nira khing dinh: "Tidp tyc thye vidn trong Hiep hdi danh gia eao. De phat huy
hidn dudng ldi ddi ngoai dpe lap ty chii, rdng md, nhtrng kdt qui ciia cdng tie ddi ngoai ndi chung
TAP CHi LICH SLf D A N G - S6 4/2010
53
O A N G L A N H D A O CONG CUOC 0 6 l MOI
va quan he Viet Nam - ASEAN ndiridng,Nghi Ding nhan manh yeu ciu: "Dua cic quan he
quygt Dai hdi Dai bidu toan qudc lan thir IX quoc td da dugc thidt lap vao chigu sau, dn
(2001) ciia Dang khing dinh: "Thye hidn nhit dinh, bgn vting", "Hgi nhap sau ban va day du
quin dudng ldi ddi ngoai ddc 1^, ty chii, rdng ban vdi cie thg che kinh tg toan cau, khu vyc
md, da phuong hda, da dang hda cic quan he va song phuong"^.
quoc te. Viet Nam san sing li ban, li ddi tic tin 15 nam gia nhip ASEAN, Viet Nam cd nhieu
cay cua cie nudc trong cpng ddng qudc td, phan ddng gdp cho sy phat trign eiia ASEAN nhu:
diu vi hda binh, ddc lap vi phit tridn". Dai hpi hoin thanh y tudng ASEAN bao gdm ci 10
IX xac dinh tang cudng quan he vdi cac nude nudc Ddng Nam A, thye hien hoi giii khu vyc
Ddng Nam A li mdt uu tidn hang diu trong quan tao dung mot Ddng Nam A thdng nhit, khdng
he ddi ngoai ciia nudc ta Dai hdi chi rd: "Nang cdn bj phan hoi thanh hai nhdm nudc ddi dich
cao hidu qui vi chat lupng hgp tic vdi eic nudc nhau; chit dgng thuc dky nhidu chuong trinh, dy
ASEAN, cimg xay dyng Ddng Nam A thinh an tip trung vio xoi ddi giam ngheo, tridn khai
khu vyc hoi binh, khdng ed vti khi hat nhan, dn sang kidn lidn kdt ASEAN (lAl) n h ^ thu hep
dinh, hgp tic cimg phit trien"^. khoang cich phat tridn, hd trg thanh vien mdi hpi
Diy manh hon nira qui trinh hpi nhap kinh nhap khu vyc; trong ITnh vyc ddi ngoai cua
td qudc td vi khu vyc, ngiy 27-11-2001, Bd ASEAN, Viet Nam cd nhieu ddng gdp tich eye
Chinh tri ra Nghi quydt vd hgi nhip kinh td qudc cho vide thuc diy quan he hgp tie gitra ASEAN
td nham cu thd hoi chu fruong Idn dugc ndu ra vdi cic nudc vi cic ben ddi thoai quan trgng.
tai Dai hdi Dai bidu toan qudc lan thir LX eiia Viet Nam duaranhieu sang kien cd gii tri gdp
Ding la: Chii ddng hdi nhip kinh td qudc td vi phan thiic diy hgi nhap khu vyc, dam bio
khu vyc theo tinh than phit huy tdi da ndi lye, ASEAN phit tridn mot cich thdng nhat vi hii
nang cao hidu qui hgp tic qudc td, dim bio dgc hda., nhu cic sing kidn: Lap dudng day ndng
lap ty ehii vi dinh hudng xa hdi chii nghla, bio gitra cac cap lanh dao cua ASEAN; cai tidn
ve lgi ich din tgc, an ninh qudc gia, giii gin bin phuang thirc tign hanh Hgi nghi Bg trudng
sic van hoi dan tdc, bio ve mdi trudng. Ngoai giao (AMM); lap quan he lam viec chinh
Tidp dd, HNTU 9 khoi DC kidm didm boat thirc vdi nhidu td chirc qudc td; tuong trg tu phap
ddng ddi ngoai trong nira nhidm ky ciia Dai hdi trong ASEAN; chuong trinh tidu vtmg sdng Md
IX, trdn CO sd kign dinh dudng ldi ddi ngoai dgc Cdng, thuc diy tam giac phat trien Viet Nam-
lap, ty chii, rdng md, da phuang hoi, da dang hoi. Campuchia-Lio, thu hep khoing cich giiia cic
Hdi nghi chi rd trong quan he vdi ASEAN, Viet nude trong khdi; dy an phit trien hanh lang
Nam "Tich eye gdp phan ciing cd su gan kdt, giir Ddng-Tay (WEC); td chirc le hgi du lieh Ddng
vtmg nhiing nguydn tic co ban cua ASEAN, thuc A, tuin van hda ASEAN, xiy dyng cdng ddng
day quan he hgp tic npi khdi vi vdi bdn ngoai"^ van hoi ASEAN... Vide Viet Nam la mot trong
Trong 20 nam ddi mdi, Viet Nam da md 5 nudc ASEAN sdm phd chuan Hidn chuong
rdng ding kd quan he hgp tie qudc td vd ASEAN (3-2008), thd hidn sy cam ket manh me
"chidu rdng", Dai hdi lan thir X (2006) eiia va tich eye ddi vdi ASEAN, dong thdi li minh
54 TAP CHi UCH SLf D A N G - S6 4/2010
OANG LANH DAO CONG CUOC 001 MOI
chting quan trpng vd ehinh sich tich eye, chii Nam cua khu vyc Ddng Nam A. Do dd. qudc
ddng hdi nhap khu vyc vi qudc td cua Viet Nam. gia nay cd mdt vai trd rat quan trpng. Xet vd mat
Thing 2- 2009, Viet Nam bd nhiem Dai sir, Dai dia ly va nhin khau hoc, ddng gdp chinh cua
dien thudng trye diu tign tai Hiep hdi eic qudc Viet Nam khi trd thinh mdt thinh \idn ciia
gia Ddng Nam A (ASEAN), Viet Nam la nudc ASEAN la da kdt hpp mpi vimg eiia Ddng Nam
thir hai sau Xinhgapo eir dai sir, mpt lin niia A thinh mdt khdi thdng nhit"''.
khang dinh Viet Nam tham gia va ddng gdp mdt Vide tham gia hgp tic kinh td. thuong mai
cich tich eye, chii dpng, cd trach nhidm trong Viet Nam - ASEAN gdp phan lim lanh manh
hpp tic ASEAN va thye thi cic thda thuin chung hda mdi trudng kinh doanh trong nudc, tao
ciia Hidp hdi. Trong bii phit bidu nhan ngiy budc chuydn bidn tich eye trong chu>en ddi ca
thanh lip ASEAN (8-8-2009), Thii tudng Chinh cau kinh td nudc ta, tao dieu kidn cho Viet
phu Nguyen Tin Dting khang dinh: "Viet Nam Nam md rdng thi trudng thuong mai. Thdng
ludn coi hgp tie trong khu vyc Ddng Nam A va qua sy hgp tie dd giiip cho cic ca quan lidn
ASEAN li mdt bd phin quan trpng trong chinh quan eiia Viet Nam cd them kinh nghiem, ky
sich ddi ngoai dpe lip, ty chii, da dang hda vi nang quin ly khi tham gia eic boat ddng kinh
lang gidng hiiu nghi cua minh"''. "Viet Nam ehii td, thuong mai khu vyc vi qudc te. He thdng
tmong tham gia hgp tic ASEAN vdi tinh than chinh sich kinh te, dac bidt li chinh sich vd
'tich eye, chii ddng, ed trich nhidm", vi hda binh, thug din dan dupe hoan thien, phii hgp hon vdi
dn dinh vi phit tridn d khu vyc va trdn the gidi; nhung thdng Id va tidu chuan qudc te, tao
gdp phin xiy dyng mdt ASEAN ngiy cang lien khudn khd phap ly cho viec md cira thi trudng
ket chat che, vung manh va hpp tie cd hieu trong tidn trinh hdi nhip. Diy li budc di diu
qui"^. Tidp dd, trong bii phit bieu tai phidn bd tidn dua Viet Nam hdi nhap vdi ndn kinh tg thg
mac Hdi nghi cap cao ASEAN 15, Thii tudng gidi, ddng thdi ciing giiip Viet Nam phit trign
Nguygn Tan Diing nhan manh: "Hgp tic kinh tg, sin xuit frong nude, nang cao dupc
ASEAN cd tim quan trpng chign luge ddi vdi khi nang canh tranh ciia ngn kinh tg, hd trp
Viet Nam"'. "Viet Nam se ludn li thanh vidn tich Viet Nam tidp can thi trudng ngoai khu vyc.
eye, chit ddng vi ed trich nhidm, gdp phan xiy Chinh vi vay, Viet Nam khdng ngimg diy
dung mdt ASEAN ngiy eing lien kdt chat che va manh quan he kinh td thuong mai vdi cic nudc
viing manh"'". ASEAN. Ndu nhu nam 1993 kim ngach thuong
Vdi viec tich eye ddng gdp stic minh vio sy mai hai chieu Viet Nam - ASEAN mdi dat gan 2
Idn manh ciia ASEAN, vai trd, vi thg ciia Viet ty USD thi dgn nam 2005 kim ngach budn ban
Nam trong khu vyc ngiy cang nang cao, Khang hai chieu tang khoang 5 lan so vdi nam 1993,
dinh vai trd cua Viet Nam trong ASEAN, dng trong dd gii tri xuit khiu ciia Viet Nam dat 4,4 ty
Ong Keng Yong, Tdng Thu ky Hiep hdi cic U S D ' I Nam 2008, kim ngach xuat khiu cua
qudc gia Ddng Nam A (ASEAN) chi rd: Viet Nam sang thi Uudng ASEAN khoang 11 t\-
'Trudc bet nhin vio bin dd ciia Hidp hdi, Viet USD. Dy kidn ddn 2010. kim ngach xuat khau
Nam di thye sy gan kdt vimg phia Bac vdi phia vio thi trudng nay dat khoing 14,5 ty USD '.
TAP CHi UCH SLf O A N G - S6 4/2010 55
O A N G L A N H OAO CONG CUOC 0 6 l MOI
Tham gia ASEAN, Viet Nam cd eo hdi Tir thing 7 - 1995 den nay, Viet Nam trd
thu hut dau tu nude ngoai. Dau tu cua eic thanh mdt bd phin khdng the tich rdi cua dai
nudc ASEAN vao Viet Nam ngay cang tang. gia dmh ASEAN. Vi thd ciia Viet Nam d khu
Cuoi nam 1995, cic nude ASEAN ed 244 dy vyc ngiy eing dugc cimg cd, Viet Nam ludn
in vdi sd vdn 3,256 ty USD. Tinh ddn ngiy mong mudn thiic diy lien ket ngi khdi, tang
20-10-2009, theo sd lieu ciia Cue Diu tu cudng quan he hgp tie gitra ASEAN vdi cac
nudc ngoai (Bp Kd hoach vi Dau tu), cic ddi tie bdn ngoii nham xay dyng mot ASEAN
nudc ASEAN cd 1.486 dy in cdn hidu lyc doan kdt, thdng nhat, bao dam vai trd chii dao
vdi tdng vdn dau tu dang ky khoing 46 ty cua Hiep hgi trong vide duy tri hda binh, dn
USD. Trong sd nay, Xinhgapo giu vi tri din dinh, hgp tic va phit trien. Mac dti thdi gian
diu vdi 758 dy in, tidp dd li Malaixia vdi tham gia ASEAN chua dai, song Viet Nam ty
337 dy in. Dau tu cita cie nude ASEAN vio hio vd nhung ddng gdp vi dau an cua minh
Viet Nam da gdp phin cii thidn mdi trudng vdi eic nudc ASEAN. Hidn nay, Viet Nam
dau tu d Viet Nam, ddng thdi cting gdp phin dang cimg vai cic thanh vien khic ciia Hiep
diy manh CNH, HDH. Cie dy an diu tu eiia hdi nd lyc day manh hgp tic va hgi nhip,
cie nude ASEAN vio Viet Nam da tao vide hudng tdi xiy dung thinh cdng mot cdng ddng
lim cho hing tram nghin ngudi, tang ngudn ASEAN vio nam 2015.
thu ding kd cho ngin sach Nhi nudc.
Vide tham gia hgp tic chuydn nginh vdi
ASEAN giup Viet Nam tidp can vdi cdng
nghd tidn tidn, tranh thu kinh nghiem phit
tridn va quin ly, ning cao nang lyc can bd, 1. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hoi Dgi
tranh thii dugc trang thidt bi hidn dai, gdp biiu todn quoc lan thu VIU, CTQG, H, 1996, tr. 120
phan tang cudng hidu bidt vi hiru nghi giiia 2, 3. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn hen Hoi nghi
nhin din Viet Nam vdi nhin din cie nudc lan thu tu Ban Chdp hdnh Trung ucmg khoa VIII,
trong khu vyc. CTQG, H, 1998, tr. 60, 76-77
Nhd tham gia tich eye vio cic ITnh vyc hgp 4. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hoi Dgi
tic ciia ASEAN, dpi ngii cin bd vi bp miy, eo biiu todn quoc lan thif Di,CTQG,H,200\,tr.\2\
chd d cic CO quan chuydn mdn da dan dn dinh, 5. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Nghi quyet Hoi nghi
lim vide cd nd ndp, cd phan cdng phan nhiem Idn thir chin Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uong khoa IX,
rd rang, lam cho hgp tic Viet Nam - ASEAN CTQG, H, 2004, tr. 55-56
ngiy cang phit tridn va ed hieu qui. Tham gia 6. Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hoi Dgi
hgp tic da phuong giup Viet Nam thuc diy biiu todn qudc Idn thu-X, CTQG, H, 2006, tr. 112-114
hgp tic song phuong vdi eic nudc thanh vien 7,S,\\.Bdo Nhdn Ddn, ngay 8-8-2009, tr.3,4,3,3
ASEAN, thdng nhat dugc tidng ndi chung cita 9,10. Bdo Nhdn Ddn, ngay 26-10-2009, tr. 4,4
ASEAN dd diu tranh tai nhieu dien dan qudc 12. Vai trd cua Viet Nam trong ASEAN, Nxb Thong
td trong nhung van dd lidn quan. tin, H, 2007, tr.2191.
56 TAP CHI UCH SU' OANG - S6 4/2010
