Physics 1 Winter Semester 2024

1. Evaluate each of the following and express with SI units as described:

(a) (50 mN)(6 GN) into kN2 . (b) (400 mm)(0.6 MN)2 into Gm N2 (c) 45 MN3/900 Gg into kN3/kg

(50 𝑚𝑁)(6 𝐺𝑁) 2 45 𝑀𝑁3

400 𝑚𝑚 0.6 𝑀𝑁
900 𝐺𝑔
= (50 × 10−3 𝑁)(6 × 109 𝑁) 45 106 3 𝑁3
= 400 × 10−3 𝑚 0.6 × 106 𝑁 2
=
900 × 109 𝑔
= (50 × 6 × 10−3+9 𝑁 2 )
= (400 × 10−3 × 0.36 × 1012 𝑁 2 ) 45 × 1018 𝑁3
=
900 × 106 × 103𝑔
= (300 × 106 𝑁 2 )
= (144 × 10−3+12 𝑚 𝑁 2 ) 45 × 1018 𝑁3
=
900 × 106 𝑘𝑔
= (300 × (103 )2 𝑁 2 )
= 144 × 109 𝑚 𝑁 2 𝑁3
= 0.050 × 1012
= (300 × (𝑘)2 𝑁 2 ) 𝑘𝑔
= 144 × 𝐺𝑚 𝑁 2
103 103 3 𝑁3
= 0.05 ×
= 300 𝑘𝑁 2 𝑘𝑔
𝑘 3 𝑁3 𝑘𝑁3
= 50 × = 50
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
2. Is this equation P =  g h dimensionally correct? P is pressure,  = density, h= depth, and g is
acceleration due to gravity
𝐹 𝑅𝐻𝑆 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ
𝐿𝐻𝑆 = 𝑃 =
𝐴

[𝐹] [𝑅𝐻𝑆] = 𝜌 𝑔 [ℎ]

[𝐿𝐻𝑆] =
[𝐴]
[𝑅𝐻𝑆] = 𝑀𝐿−3 𝐿𝑇 −2 [𝐿]
[𝑀𝐿𝑇 −2 ]
[𝐿𝐻𝑆] =
[𝐿2] [𝑅𝐻𝑆] = 𝑀𝐿−3+1+1 𝑇 −2

[𝐿𝐻𝑆] = [𝑀𝐿1−2 𝑇 −2 ]
[𝑅𝐻𝑆] = 𝑀𝐿−1 𝑇 −2
[𝐿𝐻𝑆] = [𝑀𝐿−1 𝑇 −2 ]
[𝐿𝐻𝑆] = [𝑅𝐻𝑆]
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡
3. Stoke's Law gives the frictional force acting on a spherical object of radius r moving with speed v
through a fluid. It is given by 𝑭 = 𝟔𝝅𝜼𝒓𝒗 . Find the SI base units of  .

𝐹 = 6𝜋𝜂𝑟𝑣

𝐹
=𝜂
6𝜋𝑟𝑣

𝑁
𝜂∶
𝑚 𝑚 𝑠 −1

𝑘𝑔 𝑚 𝑠 −2
𝜂∶
𝑚 𝑚 𝑠 −1

𝜂: 𝑘𝑔 𝑚 𝑠 −2 𝑚−1 𝑚−1 𝑠1

𝜂: 𝑘𝑔 𝑚1−1−1 𝑠 −2+1

𝜂: 𝑘𝑔 𝑚−1 𝑠 −1
4. A student performs series of experiments on the simple pendulum and found the dependence of
time period of the simple pendulum on its length and gravitational field strength. She found that 𝑻 =
𝒍𝒎 𝒈𝒏 . Use dimension analysis to find 𝒎 and 𝒏. Moreover construct a mathematical relationship of
time period, length and g.
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑚 𝑛 1 1
𝑇= 𝑙 𝑔 −
𝑚+𝑛 =0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 2𝑛 = 1 𝑇= 𝑙2 𝑔 2

1 1
[𝑇] = 𝑙 𝑚 𝑛
[𝑔] 𝑛=−
2 𝑙2
𝑇= 1
𝑚 = −𝑛 𝑔2
[𝑇 1 ] = [𝐿𝑚 ][𝐿𝑇 −2 ]𝑛
1
𝑚=− − 𝑙
2
𝑇=
[𝑇 1 ] = [𝐿𝑚 ] [𝐿𝑛 𝑇 −2𝑛 ] 𝑔
1
𝑚=
2 𝑙
[𝐿0 𝑇 1 ] = [𝐿𝑚+𝑛 ] [𝑇 −2𝑛 ] 𝑇=
𝑔
5: A person on a diet might lose 2.3 kg per week. Express the mass loss rate in milligrams per
second, as if the dieter could sense the second-by-second loss.

𝑘𝑔
𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 2.3
𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘
1000 𝑔
𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 2.3
7 × 24 × 60 × 60 𝑠
1000 (1000 𝑚𝑔)
𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 2.3
7 × 24 × 60 × 60 𝑠
𝑚𝑔
𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 3.8
𝑠
6: A heavy rainstorm dumps 1 cm of rain on city of 5 km wide and 8 km long in 2.5 hrs. Find the
rate of fall of water in cubic meter per send.

𝐿 = 5 𝑘𝑚 = 5000 𝑚

𝑊 = 8 𝑘𝑚 = 8000 𝑚
1
𝐻 = 1 𝑐𝑚 =1× 𝑚 = 0.01 𝑚
100
𝑡 = 2.5 ℎ𝑟𝑠 = 2.5 × 3600 𝑠

𝑉
=?
𝑡

𝑉 𝐿×𝑊×𝐻 5000 × 8000 × 0.01 𝑚3

= = = 44.4 𝑚3 𝑠 −1
𝑡 𝑡 2.5 × 3600 𝑠
7. A person of height 1.7 m looks at a building of height 19.3 m while standing behind a wall. The ray
of light coming from the top of the building touches top of wall and makes an angle of 40o with the
horizontal at the eye of the person. Find
A. Distance between the person and the wall.
B. Height of the wall.
𝑍−𝑌
𝑡𝑎𝑛40𝑜 =
𝑋
𝑍−𝑌
𝑋= [1]
𝑡𝑎𝑛40𝑜
𝑍 𝑖𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑛

19.3 𝑚
19.3 − 𝑍 40𝑜
𝑡𝑎𝑛40𝑜 =
20 40𝑜

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑍 = 2.3 𝑚 𝑌 𝑍

𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 [1] 𝑋 = 0.98 𝑚 𝑋 20 m

7. To find the height and distance of mountain, a person of height 1.8 m places a 2.5 m heigh cardboard at a distance D
from the mountain. He stands behind the board in such a way to just see the top of the mountain. He then moves the
board 1200 m towards the mountain and finds a new location to just see the top of the mountain. He measured 𝑑1 and
𝑑2 as 3.5 m and 2.7 m respectively. Calculate D and H as shown in the diagram.

𝐻 − ℎ1
ℎ2
ℎ1 𝐻
𝛼 𝛽

ℎ1 − ℎ2 ℎ1 − ℎ2 𝐷−𝑑
𝛼 𝛽
𝑑1
ℎ1 𝑑2
ℎ2

𝑑1 𝑑 𝐷−𝑑
ℎ1 − ℎ2 𝐻 − ℎ1 𝐷
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∝= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∝=
𝑑1 𝐷
ℎ1 − ℎ2 𝐻 − ℎ1
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 =
𝑑2 𝐷−𝑑
 ℎ1 − ℎ2 𝐻 − ℎ1 𝐻𝑑1 − ℎ1 𝑑1 = 𝐻𝑑2 − ℎ1 𝑑2 + 𝑑ℎ1 − 𝑑ℎ2
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∝= 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ∝=
𝑑1 𝐷
𝐻𝑑1 − 𝐻𝑑2 = ℎ1 𝑑1 − ℎ1 𝑑2 + 𝑑ℎ1 − 𝑑ℎ2
ℎ1 − ℎ2 𝐻 − ℎ1
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛽 =
𝑑2 𝐷−𝑑
𝐻 𝑑1 − 𝑑2 = ℎ1 𝑑1 − 𝑑2 + 𝑑(ℎ1 −ℎ2 )
ℎ1 − ℎ2 𝐻 − ℎ1 ℎ1 − ℎ2 𝐻 − ℎ1
= =
𝑑1 𝐷 𝑑2 𝐷−𝑑
(𝒉𝟏 −𝒉𝟐 )
𝑯 = 𝒉𝟏 + 𝒅 ×
𝐻 − ℎ1 𝐻 − ℎ1 𝒅𝟏 − 𝒅𝟐
𝐷= × 𝑑1 𝐷= × 𝑑2 + 𝑑
ℎ1 − ℎ2 ℎ1 − ℎ2
𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐻
𝐻 − ℎ1 𝐻 − ℎ1
× 𝑑1 = × 𝑑2 + 𝑑
ℎ1 − ℎ2 ℎ1 − ℎ2 𝑯 = 𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟐. 𝟓 𝒎

𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑜𝑓 ∶
𝐻𝑑1 − ℎ1 𝑑1 𝐻𝑑2 − ℎ1 𝑑2
= +𝑑
ℎ1 − ℎ2 ℎ1 − ℎ2 𝐻 − ℎ1 𝐻 − ℎ1
𝐷= × 𝑑1 𝐷= × 𝑑2 + 𝑑
ℎ1 − ℎ2 ℎ1 − ℎ2
𝐻𝑑1 − ℎ1 𝑑1 𝐻𝑑2 − ℎ1 𝑑2 ℎ1 − ℎ2
= +𝑑 𝑫 = 𝟓𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝒎
ℎ1 − ℎ2 ℎ1 − ℎ2 ℎ1 − ℎ2
 𝑳
9.A student uses 𝑻 = 𝟐𝝅 to find g. He finds L and T experimentally and calculates the %
𝒈
uncertainties as given. Is the value of g obtained from this experiment is correct?

𝐿 = 0.85 𝑚 ± 2% 𝑇 = 1.8 𝑠 ± 3%

𝐿 % 𝑈 𝑔 = %𝑈 𝐿 + 2%𝑈(𝑇) % 𝑈𝑛𝑐 = 2% + 2(3%) = 8%

𝑇 = 2𝜋
𝑔
𝑔 = 10.36 ± 8% 𝑚/𝑠 2 𝑔𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 10.36 − 0.83 𝑚/𝑠 2 𝑔𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 9.53 𝑚/𝑠 2
2
2
𝐿 𝑔 = 10.36 ± 0.83 𝑚/𝑠 2 𝑔𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 10.36 + 0.83 𝑚/𝑠 2 𝑔𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 11.19 𝑚/𝑠
𝑔 = 4𝜋 2
𝑇
0.85 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒, 𝑠𝑜 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑒.
𝑔 = 4𝜋 2
1.82
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 10.36 − 9.81
𝑔 = 10.36 𝑚/𝑠 2 % 𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓 = × 100% = × 100% = 5.6%
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 9.81
𝐼𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒?
% difference is less than the percentage uncertainty. Hence the difference is
due to the uncertainty that we may not avoid. Hence the results are
acceptable.
10. Resistivity of a wire is given by the following equation , where A is area of crossection, L is
length of wire and R is the resistance of wire. A students measures the following measurements with
the given uncertainties. Find resistivity and percentage uncertainty in the value of resistivity. Moreover,
express the acceptable range of resistivity.
𝜋𝑑 2 𝑅 %𝑈 𝜌 =2×%𝑈 𝑑 +%𝑈 𝐿 +%𝑈 𝑅
𝜌=
4𝐿
% 𝑈 𝜌 = 2 × 1.5% + 0.4% + 0.1%
L/cm 89.4  0.1
% 𝑈 𝜌 = 3.0% + 0.4% + 0.1% = 3.5%
d/mm 0.204  0.003
𝜋𝑑 2𝑅 𝜋 0.204 × 10 −3 2 (15.68)
R/ 15.68  0.07
0.1 𝜌= =
%𝑈 𝐿 = × 100% = 0.1 % 4𝐿 4(0.894)
89.4
𝜋𝑑 2 𝑅
𝜌= = 5.73 × 10−7 Ω 𝑚
4𝐿
0.003
%𝑈 𝑑 = × 100% = 1.5 % 𝜌 = 5.73 × 10−7 ± 3.5% Ω 𝑚
0.204
0.07 𝜌 = 5.73 × 10−7 ± 2.01 × 10−8 Ω 𝑚
%𝑈 𝑅 = × 100% = 0.4 %
15.68
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 5.53 × 10−7 Ω 𝑚 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 5.93 × 10−7 Ω 𝑚
Physics 1 Winter Semester 2024
1. F is a resultant force of the two forces acting along u and v. Find the magnitude of the forces acting
along v if the magnitude of the force acting along u is 183 N.

𝐹Ԧ = 𝐹Ԧ𝑢 + 𝐹Ԧ𝑣

𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅 = 𝐹12 + 𝐹22 + 2𝐹1 𝐹2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝐹Ԧ𝑣
𝐹Ԧ𝑣 75𝑜 75𝑜

𝐹= 𝐹𝑢2 + 𝐹𝑣2 + 2𝐹𝑢 𝐹𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝐹Ԧ𝑢

250 = 1832 + 𝐹𝑣2 + 2(183)𝐹𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠75

2502 = 1832 + 𝐹𝑣2 + 2(183)𝐹𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠75

𝐹𝑣2 + 94.7𝐹𝑣 + 1832 − 2502 = 0

𝐹𝑣 = 129.4, −224 𝐹𝑣 = 129.4 𝑁

𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝐹𝑣 = 129.4 𝑁
2. Three forces are acting on the handle of an exercise machine. Two forces from the two strings are
same in magnitude. The force exerted by the hand is F = 135 N. Sum of all three forces on the handle
is zero. What is magnitude of T?

𝐷𝑟𝑎𝑤 𝑇 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 5 𝑐𝑚

𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜.

𝐷𝑟𝑎𝑤 𝐹 𝑡𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑎 𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚.

𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝐹, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑚.

𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑚 = 135 𝑁
135
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑛𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 1 𝑐𝑚 ?= 𝑁
𝑥
135 𝐹
𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑇 = 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑇 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑚 × 𝑇
𝑥
53𝑜

𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑇 = 75.84 𝑁
𝑇
3. Find the magnitude of the resultant of F1 and F2 forces.

𝑇𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠, 𝑤𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑢𝑠𝑒:

𝑅= 𝐹12 + 𝐹22 + 2𝐹1 𝐹2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐹1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹2 .

40𝑜
𝑅= 3002 + 5002 + (2 × 300 × 500 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠85) 70𝑜

𝑅 = 605 𝑁

𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑅 = 605 𝑁
4. Find magnitude and direction of resultant vector
4
𝐹2 𝐹3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
5

𝐹3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 =
5

𝜃 𝐹3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝐹1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 =
3
𝛼 𝑅𝑥 = 𝐹1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 + 0 + 𝐹3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
5
𝐹1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼

4
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 =
5
𝑅𝑥 = 24 𝑘𝑁
𝐹1 𝐹1
𝑅𝑦 = −𝐹1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 𝐹2 + 𝐹3 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

𝑅𝑦 = 20 𝑘𝑁
𝜙
𝑅𝑦
𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅= 𝑅𝑥2 + 𝑅𝑦2 𝜙= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
𝑅𝑥

𝐴𝑛𝑠: 𝑅 = 31.24 𝑁, 𝜙 = 39.8 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 + 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠

5. Find the position vector from A to B and represent F as a cartesian vector.
𝐹Ԧ = 𝐹 𝐹෠

𝐹Ԧ = 𝐹 𝑟Ƹ

(0,0,35) 𝑟Ԧ
𝐹Ԧ = 𝐹
𝑟
35 𝑚 𝐹 = 350 𝑁 𝑟Ԧ = 𝐴𝐵
𝑟Ԧ
50 𝑐𝑜𝑠20 𝑟Ԧ = 17.1𝑖Ƹ + 47.0𝑗Ƹ − 35𝑘෠

(50𝑠𝑖𝑛20,50 𝑐𝑜𝑠20,0) 𝑟 = 61 𝑚

17.1𝑖Ƹ + 47.0𝑗Ƹ − 35𝑘෠

𝐹Ԧ = 350 ×
61

෠
𝐹Ԧ = 5.74(17.1𝑖Ƹ + 47.0𝑗Ƹ − 35𝑘)

𝐹Ԧ = 98.2𝑖Ƹ + 269.8𝑗Ƹ − 200.9𝑘෠

6. Find the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the hook.

𝑅 = 𝐹Ԧ𝐴𝐵 + 𝐹Ԧ𝐴𝐶 100

𝐹Ԧ𝐴𝐵 = ෠
(4𝑖Ƹ + 0𝑗Ƹ − 4𝑘)
(𝟎, 𝟎, 𝟒) 5.6
𝐹Ԧ𝐴𝐵 = 𝐹𝐴𝐵 𝑟𝐴𝐵
Ƹ = 100 𝑟𝐴𝐵
Ƹ
𝐹Ԧ𝐴𝐵 = 70.7𝑖Ƹ − 70.7𝑘෠
𝐹Ԧ𝐴𝐶 = 𝐹𝐴𝐶 𝑟𝐴𝐶
Ƹ = 120 𝑟𝐴𝐶
Ƹ
120
𝐹Ԧ𝐴𝐶 = ෠
(4𝑖Ƹ + 2𝑗Ƹ − 4𝑘)
𝑟Ԧ𝐴𝐵 6
𝑟𝐴𝐵
Ƹ =
𝑟𝐴𝐵 𝐹Ԧ𝐴𝐶 = 80𝑖Ƹ + 40𝑗Ƹ − 80𝑘෠
(𝟒, 𝟎, 𝟎) (𝟒, 𝟐, 𝟎)
𝑟Ԧ𝐴𝐶 𝑅 = 150.7 𝑖Ƹ + 40𝑗Ƹ − 150.7𝑘෠
𝑟𝐴𝐶
Ƹ =
𝑟𝐴𝐶
𝑅= 150.72 + 402 + 150.72
𝑟Ԧ𝐴𝐵 = 4𝑖Ƹ + 0𝑗Ƹ − 4𝑘෠ 𝑟𝐴𝐵 = 5.6 𝑚
𝑅 = 216.8 𝑁
𝑟Ԧ𝐴𝐶 = 4𝑖Ƹ + 2𝑗Ƹ − 4𝑘෠ 𝑟𝐴𝐶 = 6 𝑚
7. Determine the angle 

𝑟Ԧ1 = 400𝑖Ƹ + 0 𝑗Ƹ + 250 𝑘෠

𝑟Ԧ2 = 50 𝑖Ƹ + 300 𝑗+Ƹ 0 ෡𝑘

(400,0,250)
𝑟Ԧ1 . 𝑟Ԧ2 = 𝑟1 𝑟2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑟Ԧ1
𝑟Ԧ1 . 𝑟Ԧ2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
(0,0,0)
𝑟1 𝑟2
𝑟Ԧ
(50,300,0) 2
𝑟Ԧ1 . 𝑟Ԧ2 = 400 × 50 + 0 + 0 = 20000

𝑟Ԧ1 . 𝑟Ԧ2
𝑟1 = 4002 + 02 + 2502 𝜃= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1
𝑟1 𝑟2

𝑟2 = 502 + 3002 + 02 𝑨𝒏𝒔: 𝟖𝟐 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒔

8. A 1.00 kg box is observed to have an acceleration a = 10.0 m/s2 in a direction 30.0° from east.
Two forces, F1 and F2 are acting on the box. The force F2 acting on the object has a magnitude of
15.00 N and is directed north. Determine the magnitude and direction of the force F1 acting on the
object. Use 𝐹Ԧ𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎Ԧ .
𝐹Ԧ𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑚𝑎Ԧ
𝐹Ԧ1 + 𝐹Ԧ2 = 𝑚𝑎Ԧ
𝐹Ԧ1 = 8.66 𝑖Ƹ + 5 𝑗Ƹ − 15 𝑗Ƹ
𝐹Ԧ1 = 𝑚𝑎Ԧ − 𝐹Ԧ2

𝑊𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝐹Ԧ2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎Ԧ 𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐹Ԧ1 𝐹Ԧ1 = 8.66 𝑖Ƹ − 10 𝑗Ƹ

𝑎Ԧ = 10 𝑐𝑜𝑠30 𝑖Ƹ + 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛30 𝑗Ƹ
𝐹1 = 8.662 + (−10)2 𝑁
𝐹Ԧ2 = 0 𝑖Ƹ + 15 𝑗Ƹ
𝐹1 = 13.22 𝑁 10
𝐹Ԧ1 = 𝑚𝑎Ԧ − 𝐹Ԧ2 𝜃= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 49.1
8.66
𝐹Ԧ1 = 𝑚(10 𝑐𝑜𝑠30 𝑖Ƹ + 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛30 𝑗)Ƹ − 𝐹Ԧ2 𝜃 = 49.1

𝐹Ԧ1 = 1 × (10 𝑐𝑜𝑠30 𝑖Ƹ + 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛30 𝑗)Ƹ − 15 𝑗Ƹ 𝜃 = 49.1 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡

9. Find angle 𝜽

𝑤𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑟Ԧ 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐴 𝑡𝑜 𝑂

𝐹Ԧ = −6𝑖Ƹ + 9𝑗Ƹ + 3𝑘෠ 𝑁
𝐶𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑂 𝑎𝑟𝑒: Ԧ 𝑟Ԧ , 𝐹 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟:
𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐹.
Ԧ 𝑟Ԧ = 6 + 18 − 6 = 18
𝐹. 𝑟Ԧ
𝐴 1, −2,2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑂 (0,0,0)

𝐹 = 11.22 𝑁
𝑟Ԧ = (0 − 1)𝑖Ƹ + (0 + 2)𝑗Ƹ + (0 − 2)𝑘෠
𝑟 =3𝑚
𝑟Ԧ = −𝑖Ƹ + 2𝑗Ƹ − 2𝑘෠
𝜃 = 57.7 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒
Ԧ 𝑟Ԧ = 𝐹 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝐹.

Ԧ 𝑟Ԧ
𝐹.
𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1
𝐹𝑟 𝐴𝑛𝑠: 57.7 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒
Physics 1 Winter Semester 2024
1. A red car and a green car move towards each other. At time t = 0, the green car is at x = 250 m
and red car at x = - 50 m. The green car has a constant speed of 16.5 m/s and the red car begins
from rest with a constant acceleration of 1 m/s2. At what position they will cross each other?

𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑟:

𝑠𝑜 = −50 𝑚
1
𝑠𝑅𝐹 − 𝑠𝑜 = (0 × 𝑡) + (1)𝑡 2
2
𝑠𝑅𝐹 − (−50) = 0.5𝑡 2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑠𝑅𝐹 = 0.5𝑡 2 − 50 … . [1] 𝑠𝐺𝐹 = 𝑠𝑅𝐹
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑟: 250 − 16.5𝑡 = 0.5𝑡 2 − 50

𝑠𝑜 = 250 𝑚 0.5𝑡 2 + 16.5𝑡 − 300 = 0

1
𝑠𝐺𝐹 − 𝑠𝑜 = (−16.5𝑡) + (0)𝑡 2 𝑡 = 13.03 𝑠, 𝑡 = −46.03 𝑠
2
𝑠𝐺𝐹 − 250 = −16.5𝑡 𝐴𝑛𝑠 ∶ 𝑡 = 13.03 𝑠
𝑠𝐺𝐹 = 250 − 16.5𝑡 … . . [2] 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 1 𝑜𝑟 [2] 𝑠𝐺𝐹 = 35.01 𝑚
2. A red car and a green car move towards each other. Position of both cars at t = 0 has been shown
in the graph. Red car starts from rest with a constant acceleration. What is acceleration of the red car?

𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑟:

𝑠𝑜 = −50 𝑚
1
𝑠𝑅𝐹 − 𝑠𝑜 = (0 × 𝑡) + (𝑎)𝑡 2
2
𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 13 𝑠 ∆𝑠
𝑠𝑅𝐹 − (−50) = 0.5𝑎𝑡 2 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑠𝐺𝐹 = 𝑠𝑅𝐹 ∆𝑡
𝑠𝑅𝐹 = 0.5𝑎𝑡 2 − 50 0 − 250
𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
250 − 16.5𝑡 = 0.5𝑎𝑡 2 − 50 15
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑟: 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = −16.5 𝑚/𝑠
𝑠𝑜 = 250 𝑚 0.5𝑎𝑡 2 + 16.5𝑡 − 300 = 0
1 0.5𝑎(13)2 + 16.5(13) − 300 = 0
𝑠𝐺𝐹 − 𝑠𝑜 = (𝑢𝑡) + (0)𝑡 2
2
𝑠𝐺𝐹 − 250 = −16.5𝑡 84.5𝑎 + 214.5 − 300 = 0
𝑠𝐺𝐹 = 250 − 16.5𝑡 84.5𝑎 − 85.5 = 0 𝑎 = 1.01 𝑚 𝑠 −2
3. At a car racing, car A and B are in a competition. At the instant shown car A travels with 40 m/s with a
constant acceleration of 12 m/s2 while the car B travels at a constant speed of 80 m/s. After what time both
cars are at the same position.? Ans 10 s.

𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝐴:

𝑥=0
1 2
𝑠𝐹𝐴 − 𝑠0𝐴 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 𝑠0𝐴 = −200 𝑠0𝐵 = 0
2

𝐹𝐼𝑁𝐼𝑆𝐻
1
𝑠𝐹𝐴 − −200 = 40𝑡 + (12)𝑡 2
2
𝑠𝐹𝐴 = −200 + 40𝑡 + 6𝑡 2

𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝐵: 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:

𝑠𝐹𝐵 − 𝑠0𝐵 = 80𝑡 𝑠𝐹𝐵 = 𝑠𝐹𝐴
𝑠𝐹𝐵 − 0 = 80𝑡 80𝑡 = 40𝑡 + 6𝑡 2 − 200
𝑠𝐹𝐵 = 80𝑡 6𝑡 2 − 40𝑡 − 200 = 0 𝑡 = −3.3 𝑠, 10 𝑠 𝑡 = 10 𝑠
3. At a car racing, car A and B are in a competition. At the instant shown car A travels with 40 m/s with a
constant acceleration of 12 m/s2 while the car B travels at a constant speed of 80 m/s. After what time both
cars are at the same position.?

𝐴𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑀𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑
𝑥=0
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝐴:
𝑠0𝐴 = 0 𝑠0𝐵 = 200
1 2
𝑠𝐹𝐴 − 𝑠0𝐴 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡

𝐹𝐼𝑁𝐼𝑆𝐻
2
1
𝑠𝐹𝐴 − 0 = 40𝑡 + (12)𝑡 2
2
𝑠𝐹𝐴 = 40𝑡 + 6𝑡 2
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝐵: 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛:
𝑠𝐹𝐵 − (200) = 80𝑡 𝑠𝐹𝐵 = 𝑠𝐹𝐴
𝑠𝐹𝐴 − 200 = 80𝑡 80𝑡 + 200 = 40𝑡 + 6𝑡 2
𝑠𝐹𝐴 = 80𝑡 + 200 6𝑡 2 − 40𝑡 − 200 = 0 𝑡 = −3.3 𝑠, 10 𝑠 𝑡 = 10 𝑠
At a car racing, car A and B are in a competition. At the instant shown car A travels with 40 m/s with a constant
acceleration of 12 m/s2 while the car B travels at a constant speed of 80 m/s. After what time both cars are at
the same position.? Ans 10 s.
3. 𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔

𝑩
4. At a car racing, car A and B are in a competition. At the instant shown car A travels with 40 m/s
with a constant acceleration of 12 m/s2 while the car B travels at a constant speed of 80 m/s. Which
car wins and how much earlier it reaches to the finish line before the other?

𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝐴:

𝑥=0
1 2 𝑠0𝐴 = −200 𝑠0𝐵 = 0
𝑠𝐹𝐴 − 𝑠0𝐴 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡
2

𝐹𝐼𝑁𝐼𝑆𝐻
1
𝑠𝐴 − −200 = 40𝑡 + (12)𝑡 2
2
𝑠𝐴 = −200 + 40𝑡 + 6𝑡 2
𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝐴 = 1200 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝐵: 𝐴 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 2.7 𝑠 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑟
1200 = −200 + 40𝑡 + 6𝑡 2 𝑠𝐹𝐵 − 𝑠0𝐵 = 80𝑡
𝑠𝐵𝐹 − 0 = 80𝑡
6𝑡 2 + 40𝑡 − 1400 = 0
𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝐵 = 1200
𝑡 = −19 𝑠, 𝑡 = 12.3 𝑠 1200 = 80𝑡 𝑡 = 15 𝑠
5. A lead ball is dropped in a lake from a diving board 5.2 m above the water. It hits water and
continues with same speed till it reaches to the bottom 4.8 s after it is dropped. How deep is the lake?

𝑤𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑠2 : 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 [2]

𝑠2 = 𝑣𝑡2 [1] 𝑣 = 0 + (9.81)(1.03)

𝑇𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑣 𝑣 = 10.1 𝑠 𝑢=0

𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡1 [2] 𝑣 = 10.1 𝑠

𝑡1 𝑠1 5.2 𝑚
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡1
𝑡1 + 𝑡2 = 4.8 𝑡 = 4.8 𝑠
1 2
𝑠1 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡1 𝑡2 = 4.8 − 1.03
2 𝑣 𝑡2 𝑠2
1 𝑡2 = 3.77 𝑠
5.2 = 0 + (9.81)𝑡12
2
𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 [1]
2 × 5.2
𝑡1 = 𝑠2 = 10.1 × 3.77
9.81
𝑠2 = 38.1 𝑚
𝑡1 = 1.03 𝑠
6. A ball is thrown vertically upward with a speed 45 m/s. How much time it will take to point P.

𝑤ℎ𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠?

𝑢= 45 𝑚𝑠 −1 (↑)
𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑃 𝑎𝑡 1.45 𝑠
𝑠 = 55 𝑚 (↑)
𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑃 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 7.71 𝑠
−2
𝑎 = 9.81 𝑚𝑠 (↓) P

𝑡 =?
1 55 m
55 = 45𝑡 + (−9.81)𝑡 2
2
55 = 45𝑡 − 4.91𝑡 2
4.91𝑡 2 − 45𝑡 + 55 = 0
𝑡 = 7.71 𝑠, 1.45 𝑠
Problem
7. 05 graph shows the position of a particle that starts from rest. Find the direction and the
The following
magnitude of the acceleration of the particle. Given that xs = 6.0 m

1 2
𝑠 − 𝑠0 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 2 𝑠, 𝑠 = 6 𝑚 𝑠(𝑚)
2
𝑥𝑠 = 6 𝑚 1
6 = −2 + 𝑎(2)2
2
𝑠0 = −2𝑚 8 = 2𝑎
1 2 𝑎 = 4 𝑚 𝑠 −2
𝑠 − (−2) = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡
2
1 2
𝑠 + 2 = 0 + 𝑎𝑡
2
1 2
𝑠 = −2 + 𝑎𝑡
2
𝑁𝑜𝑤 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠
Problem
8. A t time t 06
= 0, Ball 1 is dropped from a bridge onto a roadway beneath the bridge. Later Ball 2 is
thrown down from the same height. The graph shows a change in vertical position until both hit the
roadway. What was the initial speed of Ball 2? Given that ts = 8.0 s.
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑙 2 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑙 1
1 2 1 2
𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 +↓ 𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 +↓
2 2
1 1 2
𝑠 = 𝑢(5) + (9.81)(5) 2 𝑠 = 0 + (9.81)(8)
2 2
1
𝑠 = 𝑢(5) + 122.6 𝑠 = 0 + (9.81)(8)2
2
𝑠 − 122.6 𝑠 = 313.92 𝑚
𝑢= [1]
5 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 [1]
𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑢 = 38.26 𝑚/𝑠
𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑠, 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑙𝑙 1
9. A falling07
Problem stone takes 0.3 s to travel past a window 2.2 m tall. Calculate the velocity of the stone at
position x. (Write your answer to 3 decimal places)
𝑡 = 0.3 𝑠
𝑠 = 2.2 𝑚 ↓
𝑎=𝑔 ↓
𝑢 =? ↓
1 2
𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 +↓
2
1
2.2 = 𝑢(0.3) + (9.81)(0.3)2
2
2.2 = 𝑢(0.3) + 0.44

𝑢 = 5.867 𝑚/𝑠
10. A skier travelling downhill along a straight path with constant acceleration. At t= 0, she passes
point A with 6 m/s. She continues with the same acceleration until she reaches point B with 15 m/s.
At B path flattens and she continues with 15 m/s till reaches point C. It takes 20 seconds for skier to
reach from B to C. Find the time from A to B by drawing a speed-time graph. The total distance from A
to C is 615 m.

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑

1
6𝑇 + 9𝑇 + 300 = 615 𝑚
1 2
(𝑇)(9)
2 15 × 20 = 300 𝑚 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑇

𝐴𝑛𝑠 = 30 𝑠
6×𝑇

𝑇 𝑇 + 20