Singly Reinforced Beams

CE 323N – Principles of Reinforced/Prestressed Concrete

Prepared by:
Engr. Dafne Kaye M. Lauronal
Flexure
Required Strength and Design Strength

Mu = moment due to the factored loads, which commonly is referred to as the factored design
moment.
Mn = nominal moment strength of a cross section, computed from the nominal dimensions and
specified material strengths
Ø = strength reduction factor (ACI Code Section 9.3) to account for possible variations in
dimensions and material strengths and possible inaccuracies in the strength equations.
Section 422 Sectional Strength
Tension and Compression Controlled Section
Compression-controlled Section is a cross section in which the net
tensile strain in the extreme tension reinforcement at nominal strength is
less than or equal to the compression-controlled strain limit.
Compression-Controlled Strain Limit is a net tensile strain at balance
strain conditions.
Tension-Controlled Section is a cross section which the net tensile
strain in the extreme tension steel at nominal strength is greater than or
equal to 0.005.
 εconc=0.003

εs

The effective depth, d, is measured from the extreme compressive fiber to

the centroid of the longitudinal reinforcement.

b= width of the beam

h=total depth of the beam
As = area of the steel reinforcement in tension side
ρ = ratio of the steel reinforcement
c = actual depth of the compression concrete
a = depth of the equivalent rectangular stress block
 εconc=0.003

fs’/Es 0.003
εc= fs’/Es =
𝑐 − 𝑑′ 𝑐
𝑐 − 𝑑′
fs’ = 600
𝑐
fs/Es 0.003
=
𝑑−𝑐 𝑐
𝑑−𝑐
fs = 600
εt= fs /Es 𝑐
 0.85fc’ εconc=0.003

Csc=As’fs’

Cc=0.85fc’Ac

T=Asfs

For fs < fy ∴ steel will not yield

fs = Esεs
For fs ≥ fy ∴ steel will yield
fs = fy
 Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam with fs = fy
𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = Cc (d − )
2
𝑎
𝑀𝑛 = 0.85fc’ab(d − )
2
𝜔𝑑
𝜔𝑑
𝑀𝑛 = 0.85fc’ b(d − 0.85 )
0.85 2

𝑀𝑛 = fc’𝜔𝑏𝑑 2 (1 −0.59𝜔)

Let 𝑅𝑛 = fc’𝜔 (1 −0.59𝜔)

෍ 𝐹𝐻 = 0 Asfy𝑑 As
Cc= 𝑇 𝑎= 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝜌 =
0.85fc’b𝑑 b𝑑 𝑀𝑛 = 𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑 2
0.85fc’ab =Asfy Ø𝑀𝑛 = Ø 𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑 2
𝜌fy𝑑 𝜌fy
𝑎= 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝜔 = Ø𝑀𝑛 ≥ 𝑀𝑢
A sf y 0.85fc’ fc’
𝑎=
0.85fc’b
𝜔𝑑
A sf y 𝑑 𝑎=
𝑎= ×𝑑 0.85 0.85fc’ 2𝑅𝑛
0.85fc’b 𝜌=
fy
1− 1−
0.85fc’
 Balanced Condition 𝑓𝑦
εconc=0.003 0.003 +
200,000

𝑎 = β1 𝑐
𝑐 = 𝑎/β1

εy= fy /Es For singly-reinforced rectangular beam

𝜌fy𝑑 𝜌fy𝑑
𝑐𝑏 𝑑 𝑎= 𝑐=
= 0.85fc’ 0.85fc’β1
0.003 𝑓𝑦
0.003 + 200,000
600𝑑 𝜌fy𝑑
𝑐𝑏 = =
600+𝑓𝑦 0.85fc’β1
600𝑑 𝑑 − 𝑐𝑏
𝑐𝑏 = 𝑓𝑦 = 600
600 + 𝑓𝑦 𝑐𝑏 0.85fc’β1 600
𝜌𝑏 =
𝑓𝑦 (600 + 𝑓𝑦 )
 Maximum Steel
εconc=0.003 0.003 + 0.004

𝑎 = β1 𝑐
𝑐 = 𝑎/β1

εmin= 0.004 For singly-reinforced rectangular beam

𝜌fy𝑑 𝜌fy𝑑
𝑐𝑏 𝑑 𝑎= 𝑐=
= 0.85fc’ 0.85fc’β1
0.003 0.003 + 0.004
3 𝜌fy𝑑
𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥 = d=
7 0.85fc’β1
3
𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑑
7 3 0.85fc’β1
𝜌𝑏 =
7 𝑓𝑦
 Maximum Tension Steel for Tension Controlled (Ø = 0.90)
εconc=0.003 0.003 + 0.005

𝑎 = β1 𝑐
𝑐 = 𝑎/β1

εmin= 0.005 For singly-reinforced rectangular beam

𝜌fy𝑑 𝜌fy𝑑
𝑐𝑏 𝑑 𝑎= 𝑐=
= 0.85fc’ 0.85fc’β1
0.003 0.003 + 0.005
3 𝜌fy𝑑
𝑐𝑡 = d=
8 0.85fc’β1
3
𝑐𝑡 = 𝑑
8 3 0.85fc’β1
𝜌𝑡 =
8 𝑓𝑦
409.6 Reinforcement Limits

0.25 fc’ 1.4

𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑤 𝑑; 𝑏 𝑑
𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑦 𝑤
Singly Reinforced Beams (NSCP 2015)
NSCP 2010 NSCP 2015
Singly Reinforced Beams (NSCP 2015)
NSCP 2010 NSCP 2015
Singly Reinforced Beams (NSCP 2015)
NSCP 2010 NSCP 2015

For fc’ = 55 MPa, β1= 0.657 For fc’ = 55 MPa, β1= 0.65
 Design of Tension Controlled
Rectangular Beams with Known
Dimension
Design of Tension Controlled Rectangular Beams with Known Dimension (Given Mu, find As)

0.003

APPLICABLE
Ø𝑀𝑛 = Ø 𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑 2
𝑅𝑛 = fc’𝜔 (1 −0.59𝜔)

0.85fc’ 2𝑅𝑛
εt > 0.005 𝜌=
fy
1− 1−
0.85fc’
fs > 1000MPa
Ø𝑀𝑛 ≥ 𝑀𝑢

If 𝐴𝑠 < 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 use 𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 0.25 fc’ 1.4

𝐴𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑤 𝑑; 𝑏 𝑑
𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑦 𝑤
Tension controlled, Ø=0.9
Design of Tension Controlled Rectangular Beams with Known Dimension (Given Mu, find As)

0.003

APPLICABLE
Ø𝑀𝑛 = Ø 𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑 2
𝑅𝑛 = fc’𝜔 (1 −0.59𝜔)

0.85fc’ 2𝑅𝑛
εt > 0.005 𝜌=
fy
1− 1−
0.85fc’
fs > 1000MPa
Ø𝑀𝑛 ≥ 𝑀𝑢

c< 3𝑑/8

Tension controlled, Ø=0.9

Design of Tension Controlled Rectangular Beams with Known Dimension (Given Mu, find As)

0.003

APPLICABLE
Ø𝑀𝑛 = Ø 𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑 2
3 0.85fc’β1
𝜌𝑡 = 𝑅𝑛 = fc’𝜔 (1 −0.59𝜔)
8 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑛𝑡 = 𝑅𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑑 2 0.85fc’ 2𝑅𝑛
2.55 εt = 0.005 𝜌=
fy
1− 1−
0.85fc’
𝑅𝑛𝑡 = 128 fc’β1(16−3β1)
fs = 1000MPa
𝑎 Ø𝑀𝑛 ≥ 𝑀𝑢
𝑀𝑛𝑡 = 0.85fc’ab(d − )
2
c= 3𝑑/8
3
𝑎 = β1 𝑐 = β1 d
8
Tension controlled, Ø=0.9
Design of Tension Controlled Rectangular Beams with Known Dimension (Given Mu, find As)

0.003

NOT APPLICABLE
Ø𝑀𝑛 = Ø 𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑 2
𝑅𝑛 = fc’𝜔 (1 −0.59𝜔)

0.85fc’ 2𝑅𝑛
εt = 0.005 𝜌=
fy
1− 1−
0.85fc’
fs = 1000MPa
Ø𝑀𝑛 ≥ 𝑀𝑢

c= 3𝑑/8

Tension controlled, Ø=0.9

Design of Tension Controlled Rectangular Beams with Known Dimension (Given Mu, find As)

0.003

NOT APPLICABLE
Ø𝑀𝑛 = Ø 𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑 2
𝑅𝑛 = fc’𝜔 (1 −0.59𝜔)

0.85fc’ 2𝑅𝑛
εt = 0.005 𝜌=
fy
1− 1−
0.85fc’
fs = 1000MPa
Ø𝑀𝑛 ≥ 𝑀𝑢

c= 3𝑑/8

Tension controlled, Ø=0.9

Situation 1- The dimensions for a reinforced concrete beam is given as:
b = 250 mm
d = 350 mm
d’ = 60 mm
It is to be designed for a service dead load moment of 20 kN-m and
service live load moment of 35 kN-m. Suppose fc’ = 20.7 MPa and fy =
275 MPa.
1. Determine the theoretical steel ratio required for the beam to support
the given factored moment.
2. Determine the area of steel required as tension reinforcement.
3. How many 20-mm bars are required to reinforce the beam?
Situation 2 - A rectangular beam has b = 300mm and d = 490mm,
concrete compressive strength, fc’ = 27.60 MPa and steel yield strength,
fy=276 MPa. Calculate the required tension steel area, if the beam has
to carry factored moment of:
a. 140 kNm
b. 410 kNm
Situation 3 - Given the following data of a rectangular beam:
Beam dimension: b x h = 300 mm x 610 mm
Bar diameters
Tension bars = 25 mm
Compression bars = 20 mm
Effective cover to centroid of bars
Tension steel = 90 mm
Compression steel = 60 mm
Steel Strength: Main bars = 415 MPa
Ties = 275 MPa
Concrete Strength = 27.5 MPa
Compute the required numbers of tension bars under the following factored moments:
1. Mu = 150 kN-m
2. Mu = 400 kN-m
3. Mu = 650 kN-m