BRANCH

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING
Course-M.Tech

Specialization: VLSI & EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

First Semester
Theory Practical
Course Name Hours/Week Credit University Internal Hours/ Credit Marks
L/T Theory Marks Evaluation Week Practical
L/T
Computational 4-0 4 100 50 - - -
Methods and
Techniques
Internet of Things 4-0 4 100 50 - - -
Integrated Circuit 4-0 4 100 50 - - -
Design
Advanced 4-0 4 100 50 - - -
Communication
Techniques
Advanced Techniques in 4-0 4 100 50 - - -
Signal Processing
Lab-I 8 4 150

Total
Total Marks: 900
Total Credits: 22

9.30AM - 10.30AM- 11.30AM- 12.30PM- 1.30PM- 2.30PM- 3.30PM- 4.30PM-

Day/Time
10.30AM 11.30AM 12.30PM 1.30PM 2.30PM 3.30PM 4.30PM 5.30PM

Monday IOT(DCR) ATSP (GKS) CMT(SPD) ICT (PKP) Lab-1

L
Tuesday U ATSP ATSP
ACT (BD) CMT(SPD) IOT(DCR) ICT (PKP) N (GKS) (GKS)
C
Wednesday H
IOT(DCR) ACT (BD) CMT(SPD) REPORT WRITING (AKP)
B
R
Thursday E
CMT(SPD) ATSP (GKS) ICT (PKP) ACT (BD) A
K

Friday
IOT(DCR) ACT (BD) ICT (PKP)
 INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)
MODULE I
Introduction to Internet of Things
Introduction-Definition & Characteristics of IoT, Physical Design of IoT- Things in IoT, IoT
Protocols, Logical Design of IoT- IoT Functional Blocks, IoT Communication Models, IoT Communication
APIs, IoT Enabling Technologies- Wireless Sensor Networks, Cloud Computing, Big Data Analytics,
Communication Protocols, Embedded Systems, IoT Levels & Deployment Templates.

MODULE II
Domain Specific IoTs
Home Automation: Smart Lighting, Smart Appliances, Intrusion Detection, Smoke/Gas Detectors, Cities-
Smart Parking, Smart Lighting, Smart Roads, Structural Health Monitoring, Surveillance, Emergency
Response, Environment-Weather Monitoring, Air Pollution Monitoring, Noise Pollution Monitoring, Forest
Fire Detection , River Floods Detection , Energy- Smart Grids , Renewable Energy Systems , Prognostics ,
Retail-Inventory Management , Smart Payments , Smart Vending Machines , Logistics-Route Generation &
Scheduling , Fleet Tracking , Shipment Monitoring , Remote Vehicle Diagnostics, Agriculture-Smart
Irrigation ,Green House Control ,Industry -Machine Diagnosis & Prognosis Indoor Air Quality
Monitoring ,Health & Lifestyle -Health & Fitness Monitoring, Wearable Electronics
IoT and M2M Introduction, M2M-Difference between IoT and M2M, SDN and NFV for IoT-Software
Defined Networking , Network Function Virtualization

MODULE III
IoT Platforms Design Methodology
IoT Design Methodology-Purpose & Requirements Specification, Process Specification, Domain Model
Specification, Information Model Specification , Service Specifications , IoT Level Specification, Functional
View Specification , Operational View Specification , Device & Component Integration , Application
Development, Case Study on IoT System for Weather Monitoring, Motivation for Using Python
IoT Physical Devices & Endpoints
What is an IoT Device-Basic building blocks of an IoT Device, Exemplary Device: Raspberry Pi, About the
Board, Linux on Raspberry Pi , Raspberry Pi Interfaces – Serial, SPI , I2C , Programming Raspberry Pi with
Python-Controlling LED with Raspberry Pi , Interfacing an LED and Switch with Raspberry Pi
,Interfacing a Light Sensor (LDR) with Raspberry Pi , Other IoT Devices- pcDuino, Beagle Bone Black ,
Cubieboard

MODULE IV
IoT & Beyond : Use of Big Data and Visualization in IoT, Industry 4.0 Concepts. Overview of RFID, Low-
power design (Bluetooth Low Energy), range extension techniques (data mining and mesh networking), and
data-intensive IoT for continuous recognition applications. Overview of Android / IOS App Development
tools & Internet Of Everything
Text Books:
Internet of Things, A Hands on Approach, by Arshdeep Bahga & Vijay audisetti, University Press.

Reference Books:
The Internet of Things, by Michael Millen, Pearson
 COMPUTATIONAL METHODS AND
MODULE- TECHNIQUES
I:

Neural Networks: Artificial Neural Network and Introduction, Learning Rules, Knowledge Representation
and Acquisition, Different Methods of Learning.
Algorithms of Neural Network: Feed-forward Error Back Propagation, Hopfield Model, Kohonen’s Feature
Map, K-Means Clustering, ART Networks, RBFN, Application of Neural Network to the relevant field.

MODULE-II:

Fuzzy Logic: Basic Concepts of Fuzzy Logic, Fuzzy vs Crisp Set, Linguistic variables, Membership Functions,
Operations of Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy If-Then Rules, Variable Inference Techniques, Defuzzification, Basic Fuzzy
Inference Algorithm, Fuzzy System Design, FKBC and PID Control, Antilock Breaking System(ABS), Industrial
Applications.

MODULE-III:

Optimization Fundamentals: Definition, Classification of Optimization Problems, Unconstrained and

Constrained Optimization, Optimality Conditions.
LINEAR Programming: Simplex Method, Duality, Sensitivity Methods
NON-LINEAR Programming: Newton’s Method, GRG Method, Penalty Function Method, Augmented
Langrange Multiplier Method, Dynamic Programming and Integer Programming, Interior Point Methods,
Karmakar’s Algorithm, Dual Affine, Primal Affine.
MODULE-IV:

Genetic Algorithm: GA and Genetic Engineering, Finite Element based Optimization, PSO,BFO, Hybridization
of Optimization Technique, Application of Optimization Technique for Solving Projects(Project solutions).
Implementation of Branch Relevant Industrial Applications by Matlab Code.
Books Recommended:

1. Neural Networks- by Simon Haykin

2. Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Application- by ROSS J.T (Tata Mc)
3. Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic – by Bart Kosko
4. An introduction Fuzzy Control – by D. Driankor, H. Hellendorn, M. Reinfrank (Narosa Pub)
5. Fuzzy Neural Control – by Junhong NIE & Derek Linkers (PHI)
6. Related IEEE/IEE Publications
7. Fuzzy System Design Principles, Building Fuzzy IF-THEN Rule Bases – by Riza C. Berikiu and Trubatch,
IEEE Press
8. Ashok D. Begundu & chandrapatla T.R “Optimization concept and application in engineering”,
Prentice Hall,1999
9. Rao S.S “Engineering Optimization”
10. Gill, Murray and Wright ,”Practical Optimization”
11. James A. Memoh. “Electric Power System Application Of Optimization”.
12. Song Y., ”Modern Optimization Techniques In Power System”
13. Optimization Research; Prabhakar Pai, Oxford University Press.
 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN
Module I
The CMOS Inverters and CMOS Logic Gates – the Static View:
Introduction to CMOS Inverter, Introduction to Static CMOS Design, The Dynamic Behavior, Power, Energy,
and Energy-Delay, Complementary CMOS, Pass-Transistor Logic, Transmission gates, Technology Scaling and
its Impact on the Inverter Metrics
Dynamic CMOS Logic, Timing Metrics:
Dynamic CMOS Design, CMOS Logic Design Perspectives, Timing Metrics: Timing Metrics for Sequential
Circuits, Classification of Memory Elements

Module-II
Basic Building Blocks:
Inverter with Active Load, Cascode, Cascode with Cascode Load, Source Follower, Threshold Independent
Level Shift, Improved Output Stages

Current and Voltage Sources:

Current Mirrors, Current References, Voltage Biasing, Voltage References
CMOS Operational Amplifiers:
General Issues, Performance Characteristics, Basic Architecture, Two Stages Amplifier, Frequency Response
and Compensation, Slew Rate

Module-III
Overview of Mixed-Signal Testing – Mixed-signal circuits, Test and diagnostic equipment’s, Mixed-signal
testing challenges, The Test Specification Process – Device datasheets, Generation of test plan, Components
of a test program, DC and Parametric Measurements – Continuity, Leakage currents, Power supply currents,
DC references and regulators, Impedance measurements, DC offset measurements, DC gain measurements,
DC power supply rejection ratio, DC common-mode rejection ratio, Comparator DC tests, Voltage search
techniques, DC tests for digital circuits, Measurement Accuracy – Terminology, Calibration and checkers,
Dealing with measurement errors, Basic data analysis, Tester Hardware – Mixed-signal tester overview, DC
resources, Digital subsystem, AC source and measurement, Time measurement system, Computing
hardware.

IDDQ Testing , Design for Testability , Built-In Self-Test , Boundary Scan , Analog Test Bus , System Test and
Core Test

Module-IV
Overview of LDMOS, Power MOS, Floating Gate MOS
Emerging Technology: Overview of HEMT, FinFET, Organic FET (OFET), Graphene nano-ribbon field effect
transistor (GNRFET).
IC Design for Internet of Everything (IoE): Overview of Analog IC, Digital & Memory IC, Mixed-Signal IC,
RF/MM-Wave/Terahertz IC
Text books:

1. Jan M. Rabaey, Anantha Chandrakasan, Borivoje Nikolic, Digital Integrated Circuits – A

Design Perspective, 2nd edn., Pearson Education, 2003. ISBN: 8178089912.

2. Behzad Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, McGraw-Hill, 2001. ISBN: 0-07-238032-2.
3. Mark Burns and Gordon W. Roberts, An Introduction to Mixed-Signal IC Test and Measurement,
Oxford University Press, 2001, ISBN: ISBN-10: 0195699262, ISBN-13: 9780195699265
4. Millimetre-Wave Integrator Circuits, by Eoin Carey, Sverre Lidholn, Springer Pub(Chapter-I)
5. Design of C-MOS mm-Wave & Terahertz IC with Metamaterials, by Hao Yu, Yang Shang, CRC Press.
6. Fin-FET modelling for IC Simulation nad Design, 1st edition, by Chauhan & Lu & Sriramkumar &
Khandelwal & Darte & Payradosi & Nikhejad & Hu., 2015, Elsevier pub
7. HEMTs & HBTs, by Fazl Ali, Aditya KumarGupta
8. Organic Field – Effect- Transitors , by Zhenan Bao, Jasm Locklin, CRC press
9. Carbon –nano tube & Graphene Nanoribbon Interconnect, by Debiprasad Das , Hafizur Rahaman,
CRC Press
10. Research papers in Specific area

Recommended Readings:

1. K. Eshraghian, and N.H.E. Weste, Principles of CMOS VLSI Design – a Systems Perspective, 2nd
edn., Addison Wesley, 1993.
2. John P. Uyemura, CMOS Logic Circuit Design, Springer (Kluwer Academic Publishers), 2001.
3. Ken Martin, Digital Integrated Circuit Design, Oxford University Press, 2000.

4. Paul R. Gray, Paul J. Hurst, Stephen H. Lewis, and Robert G. Meyer, Analysis and Design of
Analog Integrated Circuit, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 4th edn., 2000. ISBN: 0-471-32168-0.
5. Phillip E. Allen and Douglas R. Holberg, CMOS Analog Circuit Design, Oxford University Press,
2nd edn., 2002. ISBN: 0-19-511644-5
6. Bapiraju Vinnakota, Analog and Mixed-Signal Test, Prentice Hall PTR, 1998, ISBN-10:
0137863101, ISBN-13: 978-0137863105
 ADVANCED COMMUNICATION
MODULE TECHNIQUES
-I
Digital Modulation Scheme : Representation of Digitally Modulated Signals, MSK, GMSK, Memoryless
Modulation Methods; Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, Multidimensional Signaling. Signaling Schemes
With Memory; Continuous-Phase Frequency-Shift Keying, Continuous-Phase Modulation. Power Spectrum
of Digitally Modulated Signals; Power Spectral Density of a Digitally Modulated Signal With Memory, Power
Spectral Density of Linearly Modulated Signals, Power Spectral Density of Digitally Modulated Signals With
Finite Memory, Power Spectral Density of Modulated Schemes With a Markov Structure, Power Spectral
Density of CPFSK and CPM Signals, Overview of AWGN Channel
Carrier and Symbol Synchronization : Signal Parameter Estimation; The Likelyhood Function, Carrier
Recovery and Symbol Synchronization in Signal Demodulation. Carrier Phase Estimation; Maximum
Likelyhood Carrier Phase Estimation, The Phase-Locked Loop, Effect of Additive Noise in the Phase Estimate.
Symbol Timing Estimation; Maximum Likelyhood Timing Estimation.

MODULE-II
Multichannel and Multicarrier Systems: Multichannel Digital Communications in AWGN Channels; Binary
Signals, M-ary Orthogonal Signals. Multicarrier Communications; Single Carrier verses Multicarrier
Modulation, Capacity of a Nonideal Linear Filter Channel, OFDM, Modulation & Demodulation in an OFDM,
An FFT Algorithm Implementation of an OFDM System.
Principle of multi path propagation, Impulse response model of channels, parameters for mobile multi path
channels, concept of fading, Rayleigh and Ricean fading; simulation of fading channels.
Spread spectrum modulation techniques, Equalization Technique – Linear equalizer and Nonlinear
equalization, algorithms for adaptive equalization, Multiple Access Techniques: Spread Spectrum Multiple
Access – Frequency Hopped multiple Access (FHMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). Space Division
Multiple Access (SDMA), Spectral efficiency of different access technologies, Packet ratio protocols – ALOHA,
carrier sense Multiple Access (CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA), Packet reservation Multiple Access (PRMA).

MODULE-III
Error Control Coding: Linear Block Codes: Introduction, Basic definition, equivalent codes, parity - check
matrix, decoding, syndrome decoding, Perfect Codes, Hamming Codes, Optimal Linear codes.
Convolution Codes : Introduction, Tree Codes and Trellis Codes, Polynomial description, The Generating
function, Matrix Description, Viterbi Decoding, Distance bounds, Turbo Codes, Turbo Decoding.
Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM): Introduction, the concept of coded modulation, Mapping by set
Partitioning, Design rules, TCM Decoder.
Coding for Secure Communication, Cryptography : Introduction, encryption techniques, Symmetric
cryptography, data encryption standard, Asymmetric Algorithm the RSA Algorithm.

MODULE-IV
Antenna Transmission lines, Micro-strip lines, Wave guides, Microwave networks,
Microwave resonator, Electromagnetic wave Generation Process, Microwave Amplifiers and oscillators,
Scattering of electromagnetic waves; Aperture antennas, active antennas, GTD/UTD techniques and its
applications to horn and reflector antennas. Broadband antennas. Antenna measurements: Test ranges,
near field and far field techniques.
Text Books:
1. Wireless Communications by T. S. Rappaport, 2ndEdition, Pearson Education.
2. Wireless Communications & Network 3G and beyond Itisaha Mishra, Tata Mc-Graw Hill
Education Pvt. Ltd.
3. Mobile cellular Telecommunications by W. C. Y. Lee, 2ndEdition, McGraw Hill.
4. W C Y Lee; Mobile Communication Engineering, Tata McGraw Hill, India, 2008
5. Ranjan Bose, Information Theory, Coding and Cryptography, 2ndEdn., Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 2008. ISBN-10: 0-07-066901-5, ISBN-13: 978-0-07-066901-7.
6. John G. Proakis and Masoud Salehi, Digital Communication, McGraw-Hill,
5th Edition
7. D.M. Pozar,Microwave Engineering, John-Wiley, 2004.

Reference Books:

1. Wireless Communication by T. L. Singal, Tata Mc-Graw Hill Education Pvt. Ltd..

Wireless Communication and Networks by V. K. Garg, Elsevier.
2. 3G Networks by SumitKasera&NishitNarang, Tata McGraw Hill. Simon Haykin,
Digital Communication, Willy
3. Tube & Schilling, Principle of Communication, PHI
4. R.S. Elliott,Antenna Theory & Design, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2003.
 ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN SIGNAL
MODULE PROCESSING
-I

Introduction to DSP System: Representation of DSP algorithms.

Iteration Bound: Data-flow graph representations, Loop bound and iterartion bound, Algorithms for
computing iteration bound, Iteration bound of multirate data-flow graphs.
Pipelining and Parallel Processing: Pipelining of FIR digital filters, Parallel processing, Pipelining and
parallel processing for low power.
Retiming: Definitions and properties, Solving systems of inequalities, Retiming techniques.
Unfolding: An algorithm for unfolding, Properties of unfolding, Critical path, unfolding and retiming,
Applications of unfolding.
Folding: Folding transformation, Register minimization techniques, Register minimization in folding
architectures, Folding of multirate systems.

MODULE-II
Winer Filtering: Introduction, The FIR Wiener Filter- Filtering, Linear Prediction, Noise Cancellation, IIR
Wiener Filter- Noncausal IIR Wiener Filter, The Causal IIR Wiener Filter, Causal Wiener Filtering, Causal
Linear Prediction, Wiener Deconvolution, Discrete Kalman Filter.
Spectrum Estimation: Introduction, Nonparametric Method- The Periodogram, Performance of
Periodogram. Parametric Methods- AR Spectrum Estimation, MA Spectrum Estimation, ARMA Spectrum
Estimation. Frequency Estimation- Eigendecomposition of the Autocorrelation Matrix, MUSIC.

MODULE III
Adaptive Filtering: Introduction, FIR Adaptive Filters- The Steepest Descent Adaptive Filter, The LMS
Algorithm, Convergence of LMS Algorithm, NLMS, Noise Cancellation, LMS Based Adaptive Filter, Channel
Equalization, Adaptive Recursive Filter, RLS- Exponentially Weighted RLS, Sliding Window RLS.

MODULE IV
Cardiovascular system: Heart structure, cardiac cycle, ECG (electrocardiogram) theory (B.D.), PCG
(phonocardiogram). EEG, X-Ray, Sonography, CT-Scan,The nature of biomedical signals.
Analog signal processing of Biosignals: Amplifiers, Transient Protection, Interference Reduction, Movement
Artifact Circuits, Active filters, Rate Measurement. Averaging and Integrator Circuits, Transient Protection
circuits.
Time-frequency representations: Introduction, Short-time Fourier transform, spectrogram, wavelet signal
decomposition.
Biomedical applications: Fourier, Laplace and z-transforms, autocorrelation, crosscorrelation, power
spectral density.
Noise: Different sources of noise, Noise removal and signal compensation.
 Text Books:
1. K. K. Parhi, VLSI Digital Signal Processing Systems, Design and Implementation, Wiley India Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi
2. R S Kandpur, Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation, 2ndEdn, TMH Publication, 2003
3. E. N. Bruce, Biomedical Signal Processing and Signal Modelling, John Wiley, 2001.
4. Bernard Widrow and Samuel D. Stearns, Adaptive Signal Processing, Pearson Education.
5. Monson H. Hayes, Statistical Digital Signal Processing & Modeling, John Wiley & Sons
6. J.G. Proakis, D.G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing, PHI, New Delhi, 1995.

Recommended Reading:
1. Cromwell, Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements, 2ndEdn, Pearson Education.
2. M. A. kay, Time Frequency and Wavelets in Biomedical Signal Processing, IEEE Press,1998.
3. Simon Haykin, Adaptive Filter Theory, 4th Edn. Pearson Education.
4. K.P. Keshab, VLSI Digital Signal Processing Systems: Design and Implementation, Jacaranda
Wiley, 1999.
S.J. Orfanidis, Optimum Signal Processing, Mac Millan Publishing Co., U