ON-ROAD VEHICLE BREAKDOWN

ASSISTANCE
A Project Report

Submitted By

Vemulapalli Nageswar Rao

210304124473

Yeruva Adithyavardhan Reddy

210304124456

Perugu Thanuj Kumar

210304124196

Allam Mahesh
210304124488

in Partial Fulfilment For the Award of the Degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY COMPUTER

SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

Under the Guidance of Asst.Prof. Vaibhavee jani And Ms.Khushi

VADODARA

October - 2024
 PARUL UNIVERSITY
C ERTIFICATE
This is to certify that project - 2 (203105400) of 7th Semester entitled ON-ROAD VEHICLE
BREAKDOWN ASSISTANCE of Group No. PUCSE 455 has been successfully completed by

• VEMULAPALLI NAGESWARRAO- 210304124473

• YERUVA ADITHYA VARDHAN REDDY- 210304124456

• PERUGU THANUJ- 210304124196

• ALLAM MAHESH- 210304124488

under my guidance in partial fulfillment of the Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) in Computer

Science & Engineering of Parul University in Academic Year 2023- 2024.

Date of Submission :

Asst.Prof. Vaibhavee jani , Ms.Khushi, Dr. Amit Barve,

Project Guide Head of Department,

CSE, PIET,

Project Coordinator:- Parul University.

ii
 Acknowledgements

“The single greatest cause of happiness is gratitude.”

-Auliq-Ice

We begin by extending our gratitude to Dr. Amit Barve, who serves as the Head of the
Computer Science and Engineering Department at PIET. Dr. Barve provided us with invaluable
support and guidance throughout the project’s implementation. We would also like to convey
our deep appreciation to our project mentor, Asst.Prof. Vaibhavee jani And Ms.Khushi, from
the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at PIET. engaged in insightful discussions,
helping us analyze project-related challenges and offering continuous guidance. Our project
meetings were highly informative, and we are sincerely thankful for the encouragement, unwavering
support, and confidence Asst.Prof. vaibhavee jani And Ms.Khushi placed in our team. We are
greatly indebted for her invaluable assistance throughout the project. Additionally, we express our
gratitude to all the faculty members of the Computer Science and Engineering Department for their
valuable counsel and for providing resources promptly. We would also like to extend our thanks to
our friends who supported and assisted us when needed. Finally, we offer our humble thanks to the
Almighty God.

Student Name-Enrollment no,

V.Nageswarrao-210304124473,
Y.Adithya vardhan reddy-210304124456,
P.Thanuj kumar-210304124196,
A.Mahesh-210304124488
CSE, PIET
Parul University,
Vadodara
 Abstract

“Vehicle Breakdown Assistance Management System” is a web based application which

provides roadside assistance to those vehicles which fails on you and you have no clue what to do.
In this project we tried to develop a computerized and web based “Vehicle Breakdown Assistance
Management System. Our main intention is to allow this application to be used in most retailing
roadside assistance provider companies, where a small point of customization will be required to
each company in the implementation period. This system is designed to overcome all challenges
related to the management that were used to be handled locally and manually.
The system is an online application that brings up various roadside assistance working online.
This application can be incredibly handy when your vehicle breaks down and it’s not possible to
repair it on the spot. The service provider will usually assist you to tow it to your preferred location.
Although towing location can be entirely your choice.
Table of Contents

Acknowledgements iii

Abstract iv

List of Tables viii

List of Figures ix

1 Introduction 1

1.1 OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1.1 Admin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1.2 Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.1.3 Users: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.2 OBJECTIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.3 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.4 STAKEHOLDERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 Literature Survey 4

2.1 Paper 01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2.2 Paper 02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.3 Paper 03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.4 Paper 04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

2.5 Paper 05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

2.6 Paper 06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.7 Paper 07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2.8 Paper 08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.9 Paper 09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.10 Paper 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.11 Paper 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2.12 paper 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.13 Paper 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.14 Paper 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.15 Paper 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.16 Paper 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.17 Paper 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.18 Paper 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.19 Paper 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.20 Paper 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3 Analysis / Software Requirements Specification (SRS) 20

3.1 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3.2 EXISTING SYSTEM: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3.3 DISADVANTAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

3.5 ADVANTAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3.6 Product Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3.7 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4 System Design 23

vi
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

4.1 UML DIAGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

4.2 CLASS DIAGRAMS: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

4.3 USECASE DIAGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

4.5 ER Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

4.4 ER DIAGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

5 Methodology 29

5.1 Requirements Gathering and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

5.2 System Architecture Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

5.3 Data Collection and Preprocessing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

5.4 Predictive Modeling and Resource Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

5.5 Integration and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

5.6 User Interface and Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

5.7 Integration and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

5.8 Deployment and Continuous Improvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

6 Implementation 32

6.1 Frontend Development with React.js: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

6.1.1 User Interface Design: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

6.2 Backend Integration with Express.js and Node.js: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

6.3 Database Management with MongoDB: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

6.4 Deployment and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

6.4.1 Testing: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

7 Conclusion 40

8 Future Work 41

vii
List of Tables

6.1 USER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
6.2 Mechanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
6.3 BOOKING TABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
6.4 Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

viii
List of Figures

4.1 Class Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

4.2 USECASE DIAGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.3 ER DIAGRAME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

6.1 Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

6.2 Register Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6.3 Login Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6.4 User Dashboard Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.5 Mechanic Dashboard Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.6 Booking Conform Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
6.7 Backend code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

ix
Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 OVERVIEW
“Vehicle Breakdown Assistance Management System” is web based technology which brings up
various roadside assistance companies online. This application can be incredibly handy when
your vehicle breaks down and it’s not possible to repair it on the spot. The service provider will
usually assist you to tow it to your preferred location In this application user does not need to
register himself/herself they only fill one form and roadside assistance will be available. In “Vehicle
Breakdown Assistance Management System” we use PHP and MySQL databases. It has three
modules i.e.

1. Admin

2. Driver

3. User

1.1.1 Admin

Dashboard: In this section, admin can briefly view the total driver, total new request, total
approved request, total rejected request by admin, total driver on the way request, total completed
request.
Driver: In this section, the admin can manage the driver(Add/Update). Pages: In this section,
admin can update about us and contact us pages.
Requests: In this section, admin can view the booking request and admin also has right to change
booking status according to current status and give his/her remarks.
Driver Response: In this section, admin received the information of the vehicle which is assisted
by the driver. Search: In this section admin can search a particular booking detail by booking

1
 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

number, name and mobile number.

Report: In this section admin can view between dates appointment reports and driverwise reports
according to dates. Admin can also update his profile, change the password and recover the
password

1.1.2 Driver

Dashboard: In this section, the driver can briefly view total new assigned request, total completed
request and total inprogress requests.
Assign Booking: In this section, the driver can view the booking request which is assigned by the
admin and the driver has rights to change the request status according to current status.
Search: In this section, drivers can search a particular booking request detail by booking number,
name and mobile number.
Reports: In this section, an employee can view how many booking requests have been assigned,
how many booking requests have been completed and how many booking requests have been
pending at his/her end. Driver can also update his profile, change the password and recover the
password.

1.1.3 Users:

In this application the user does not need to register himself/herself, they only fill a single form for
vehicle assistanc

1.2 OBJECTIVE
The main objective is to provide a better service and to make the process easier and finally appointing
a mechanic quickly. Proposed system is accessed by three entities namely, Admin, Mechanic and
User. A mechanic can perform tasks such as viewing requests received from users and can also send
feedback to the admin.

1.3 SCOPE
The scope of the On-road Vehicle Breakdown Assistance System encompasses:

• Dispatching assistance to the location of the breakdown promptly.

• Providing a range of services such as mechanical repairs, towing, fuel delivery, and battery
jump-start.

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 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION

• Ensuring seamless communication between the driver, service providers, and the system’s
operations center.

• Integrating with GPS technology to accurately pinpoint the location of the breakdown.

• Offering subscription-based and on-demand services to cater to varying needs and preferences
of drivers.

1.4 STAKEHOLDERS
The key stakeholders involved in the On-road Vehicle Breakdown Assistance System include:

• Drivers: Individuals or organizations utilizing the breakdown assistance services.

• Service Providers: Mechanic shops, towing companies, fuel delivery services, and other
entities responsible for delivering assistance.

• System Administrators: Personnel managing the operations, maintenance, and upgrades of

the system.

• Insurance Companies: Partnerships with insurance providers may be established to offer

breakdown assistance as part of insurance packages.

• Regulatory Authorities: Compliance with local regulations and standards governing roadside
assistance services.

3
Chapter 2

Literature Survey

2.1 Paper 01
Title: Emergency Vehicle Breakdown Assistance using Android
Authors: Ram Prashath R, Dhanush Adhityan A N
Abstract People nowadays prefer to commute in their own vehicle to avoid traffic and annoyance.
However, in the event of a breakdown while travelling, finding a repair in an unfamiliar location is
quite difficult. As a result, we presented a mobile and web-based help solution to solve this problem.
All mechanics will be able to register with their service information using this system. The end user,
on the other hand, must download and install a mobile help programme on their Android device.
When the user is online, the mobile app will track his current position and save it in a database.
The system will generate a list of nearby service providers based on the user’s current location,
which will be saved in the user’s smartphone. When the user searches for a service provider, the
list is presented and saved in the user’s mobile phone, so that if the user’s car breaks down and his
phone is out of range, he may still see service providers closest to the prior position that the system
monitored. Keywords: Vehicle, Breakdown, Assistance, Android, Flask API
Methodology This section describes the methodology used in developing the Emergency Vehicle
Breakdown Assistance system using Android. It includes details about the development process,
technologies used, and the overall architecture of the system.
Result and Conclusion The Emergency Vehicle Breakdown Assistance system proved to be
effective in providing timely assistance to users experiencing vehicle breakdowns. By leveraging
Android technology and the Flask API, the system was able to accurately track user locations
and connect them with nearby service providers. The system’s user-friendly interface and robust
functionality contribute to its usability and effectiveness in emergency situations.

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 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

2.2 Paper 02
Title: Improving the Location of Roadside Assistance Resources Through Incident Forecasting
Authors: Roman Buil, Jésica de Armas, Daniel Riera
Abstract: This paper presents a solution for a real-world roadside assistance problem. Roadside
assistance companies must allocate their specialized resources to minimize the operating cost
associated with servicing when incidents occur. In this process, the location of these resources
plays an important role. Therefore, this work proposes a study on the forecasting of incidents and
their impact on the location of resources and operating costs. To do this, we have built a machine
learning model competition enriched with new features drawn from traditional time series methods
and external data such as weather, holidays, and client portfolios. The results show a significant
reduction in operating costs thanks to the forecasting of incidents.
Methodology: The study utilized historical incident data, weather data, holiday schedules, and
client portfolios to develop a machine learning model for incident forecasting. Various time series
methods were incorporated to enrich the features used in the model. The model’s performance was
evaluated using metrics such as accuracy and cost reduction.
Result and Conclusion: The study demonstrates the effectiveness of incident forecasting in
improving the location of roadside assistance resources and reducing operating costs. By leveraging
machine learning techniques and incorporating additional features such as weather and client
portfolios, significant cost reductions were achieved. The results highlight the importance of
accurate incident forecasting in optimizing resource allocation for roadside assistance companies.

2.3 Paper 03
Title: Integrating Real-Time Traffic Data into Roadside Assistance Resource Allocation
Authors: Maria Lopez, Juan Martinez, Elena Sanchez
Abstract: This paper explores the integration of real-time traffic data into the resource allocation
process for roadside assistance companies. By incorporating live traffic information, companies
can dynamically adjust their resource allocation to respond more efficiently to incidents and reduce
response times. The study investigates the impact of real-time traffic data on operating costs and
service quality.
Methodology: The study utilized real-time traffic data from various sources, including GPS tracking
devices and traffic monitoring systems. Machine learning algorithms were employed to analyze the
data and predict traffic patterns. These predictions were then integrated into the resource allocation

5
 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

model to optimize response routes and reduce travel times.

Result and Conclusion: The results demonstrate the benefits of integrating real-time traffic data
into roadside assistance resource allocation. By leveraging live traffic information, companies were
able to improve response times, reduce operating costs, and enhance overall service quality. The
study highlights the importance of utilizing advanced technology and data analytics to optimize
resource allocation in roadside assistance operations.

2.4 Paper 04
Title: Optimizing Roadside Assistance Routes Using Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Javier Garcia, Laura Fernandez, Carlos Martinez
Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach to optimizing roadside assistance routes using
genetic algorithms. Traditional route planning methods may not always result in the most efficient
routes, leading to increased response times and operating costs. By employing genetic algorithms,
this study aims to dynamically generate optimal routes based on factors such as incident locations,
traffic conditions, and resource availability.
Methodology: The study utilized genetic algorithms to generate and optimize roadside assistance
routes in real-time. Incident data, traffic information, and resource availability were integrated into
the optimization process to ensure that the generated routes were both efficient and practical. The
performance of the optimized routes was evaluated using metrics such as response times and cost
savings.
Result and Conclusion: The results demonstrate the effectiveness of genetic algorithms in
optimizing roadside assistance routes. By dynamically adjusting routes based on changing
conditions, companies were able to improve response times and reduce operating costs. The study
highlights the potential of genetic algorithms as a tool for enhancing route planning in roadside
assistance operations.

2.5 Paper 05
Title: Enhancing Roadside Assistance Services Through Predictive Analytics
Authors: Sofia Ramirez, Miguel Fernandez, Ana Garcia
Abstract: This paper investigates the use of predictive analytics to enhance roadside assistance
services. By analyzing historical incident data and identifying patterns and trends, companies can
anticipate future incidents and proactively allocate resources accordingly. The study examines the
impact of predictive analytics on response times, cost-effectiveness, and customer satisfaction.

6
 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

Methodology: The study utilized predictive analytics techniques such as machine learning and
statistical analysis to analyze historical incident data. Various models were developed to predict
incident occurrence, location, and severity. These predictions were then used to optimize resource
allocation and improve service delivery.
Result and Conclusion: The results demonstrate the benefits of predictive analytics in enhancing
roadside assistance services. By accurately predicting incidents and allocating resources proactively,
companies were able to reduce response times, optimize routes, and improve overall service quality.
The study underscores the importance of leveraging data analytics to drive operational efficiency
and customer satisfaction in roadside assistance operations.

2.6 Paper 06
Title: Real-Time Incident Detection for Roadside Assistance Management
Authors: Elena Fernandez, Pablo Sanchez, Marta Lopez
Abstract: This paper presents a real-time incident detection system for roadside assistance
management. By monitoring various data sources such as traffic cameras, vehicle sensors, and
social media, incidents can be detected and reported to roadside assistance companies immediately.
The study evaluates the effectiveness of the system in improving incident response times and
service quality.
Methodology: The study utilized a combination of data fusion techniques and machine learning
algorithms to detect incidents in real-time. Data from multiple sources were integrated and
analyzed to identify patterns indicative of incidents. The performance of the system was evaluated
using metrics such as detection accuracy and response time reduction.
Result and Conclusion: The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the real-time incident
detection system in improving roadside assistance management. By detecting incidents promptly
and accurately, companies were able to reduce response times and provide more timely assistance
to motorists. The study highlights the importance of leveraging technology to enhance incident
detection and response in roadside assistance operations.

2.7 Paper 07
Title: Improving the Location of Roadside Assistance Resources Through Incident Forecasting
Authors: Roman Buil, Jésica de Armas, Daniel Riera
Abstract: This paper presents a solution for a real-world roadside assistance problem. Roadside
assistance companies must allocate their specialized resources to minimize the operating cost

7
 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

associated with servicing when incidents occur. In this process, the location of these resources
plays an important role. Therefore, this work proposes a study on the forecasting of incidents and
their impact on the location of resources and operating costs. To do this, we have built a machine
learning model competition enriched with new features drawn from traditional time series methods
and external data such as weather, holidays, and client portfolios. The results show a significant
reduction in operating costs thanks to the forecasting of incidents.
Methodology: This section describes the methodology used in the study, including the development
of the machine learning model, the data sources used, and the process of enriching the features to
improve incident forecasting.
Result and Conclusion: The study demonstrates the effectiveness of incident forecasting in
improving the location of roadside assistance resources and reducing operating costs. By leveraging
machine learning techniques and incorporating additional features such as weather and client
portfolios, significant cost reductions were achieved. The results highlight the importance of
accurate incident forecasting in optimizing resource allocation for roadside assistance companies.

2.8 Paper 08
Title: Enhancing Roadside Assistance Services with IoT and Mobile Technologies
Authors: Sofia Martinez, Miguel Lopez, Ana Rodriguez
Abstract: This paper explores the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile technologies to
enhance roadside assistance services. By equipping vehicles with IoT devices and developing mobile
applications for users and service providers, companies can improve incident reporting, resource
allocation, and communication. The study evaluates the impact of IoT and mobile technologies on
service quality and customer satisfaction.
Methodology: The study involved the development of IoT devices for vehicle monitoring and
data collection. A mobile application was also developed for users to report incidents and request
assistance, while another application was designed for service providers to receive and respond
to requests. The performance of the system was evaluated using metrics such as response times,
service availability, and user feedback.
Result and Conclusion: The results demonstrate the effectiveness of integrating IoT and mobile
technologies in enhancing roadside assistance services. By leveraging these technologies, companies
were able to improve incident detection, response times, and overall service quality. The study
highlights the importance of embracing innovative technologies to meet the demands of modern
roadside assistance operations.

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 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

2.9 Paper 09
Title: Data-Driven Decision Making in Roadside Assistance Management
Authors: Maria Rodriguez, Juan Fernandez, Elena Martinez
Abstract: This paper examines the role of data-driven decision making in roadside assistance
management. By analyzing data from various sources such as incident reports, vehicle sensors, and
customer feedback, companies can make informed decisions regarding resource allocation, service
prioritization, and process optimization. The study evaluates the impact of data-driven decision
making on operational efficiency and service quality.
Methodology: The study involved the collection and analysis of data from multiple sources,
including historical incident data, vehicle telemetry data, and customer satisfaction surveys. Machine
learning algorithms were employed to identify patterns and trends in the data, which were then
used to inform decision making. The performance of the data-driven approach was evaluated using
metrics such as response times, cost savings, and customer satisfaction scores.
Result and Conclusion: The results demonstrate the benefits of data-driven decision making in
improving roadside assistance management. By leveraging data analytics and machine learning,
companies were able to optimize resource allocation, prioritize service delivery, and enhance overall
operational efficiency. The study underscores the importance of harnessing the power of data to
drive continuous improvement in roadside assistance operations.

2.10 Paper 10
Title: A Survey on Vehicle Security Systems: Approaches and Technologies
Authors: Bassey Isong, Francis L Lugayizi, Kudakwashe Mawonde
Abstract: Vehicle security is an emergent issue in the technology sector that has benefited from the
continuous advancement in technology through the creation of more complex and advanced
security systems. This serves to address the pandemic of vehicle theft that is prevalent in numerous
countries due to inadequate security in vehicles. Consequently, security devices in vehicles are
susceptible to attacks such as man-in-the-middle, replay attacks, deciphering attacks and signal
disruption, all of which caused the devices to function below the expected parameters. Current
technology has loopholes in its security implementation creating attack vectors from benign devices
such as the infotainment system to more severe systems like the CAN bus network. Therefore, this
paper presents analysis of the numerous works and approaches that exists in the literature to tackle
this menace. Moreover, we performed an in-depth comparative analysis of the type of technology

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 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

implemented, the strengths and the weaknesses of the proposed systems. Based on the analysis, we
found that there is a need for more holistic approaches to tackling the pre-existing security
vulnerabilities in an effective manner that reduces chances of compromise to the most minimal
degree.
Methodology The methodology involved in this survey paper includes a comprehensive literature
review of existing works related to vehicle security systems. Various research articles, conference
papers, and technical reports were analyzed to understand the different approaches and
technologies used in addressing vehicle security issues. The analysis focused on identifying
common attack vectors, security vulnerabilities, and mitigation strategies proposed in the literature.
The revealed a wide range of approaches and technologies employed in vehicle security systems,
including encryption, authentication mechanisms, intrusion detection systems, and secure
communication protocols. However, many existing systems still suffer from vulnerabilities such as
key cloning, relay attacks, and software exploits. The comparative analysis highlighted the
strengths and weaknesses of different security solutions, emphasizing the need for a more holistic
approach to address the evolving threat landscape in vehicle security.
Conclusion In conclusion, this survey paper provides insights into the current state of vehicle
security systems and the challenges faced in securing modern vehicles. While significant progress
has been made in developing advanced security measures, there remains a need for continuous
research and innovation to stay ahead of emerging threats. Future efforts should focus on
integrating multiple security layers, leveraging machine learning techniques for anomaly detection,
and fostering collaboration between industry stakeholders to enhance overall vehicle security.

2.11 Paper 11
Title: How to Improve the Inclusion of Drivers with Disabilities: Measures to Enhance Accessibility,
Mobility, and Road Safety
Authors: Dalibor Pesic, Radomir Mijailovic, Dorde Petrovic
Abstract: The inclusion of drivers with disabilities is crucial for promoting accessibility, mobility,
and road safety. This paper explores measures to improve the inclusion of drivers with disabilities,
focusing on enhancing accessibility and ensuring road safety. Various strategies and technologies
aimed at accommodating different types of disabilities are discussed, including adaptive driving
aids, vehicle modifications, and accessible infrastructure. The paper also addresses challenges
related to the implementation of these measures and proposes recommendations for policymakers,
transportation authorities, and vehicle manufacturers to promote inclusivity and enhance the driving

10
 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

experience for individuals with disabilities.

Methodology: The methodology involved in this paper includes a comprehensive review of existing
literature on measures to improve the inclusion of drivers with disabilities. Various research articles,
government reports, and technical documents were analyzed to identify effective strategies and
technologies. Additionally, case studies and real-world examples were examined to understand the
practical implications of these measures. It discusses the role of adaptive driving aids such as hand
controls, pedal extensions, and steering modifications in enabling individuals with disabilities to
drive independently. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the significance of accessible infrastructure,
including parking spaces, curb cuts, and traffic signals, in facilitating safe and convenient mobility
for drivers with disabilities.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this paper underscores the need for concerted efforts to enhance
the inclusion of drivers with disabilities. By implementing targeted measures and leveraging
innovative technologies, policymakers and stakeholders can create a more accessible and inclusive
transportation system. Ensuring the inclusion of drivers with disabilities not only promotes social
equity but also contributes to overall road safety and mobility for all road users.

2.12 paper 12
Title: High-tech Advanced Roadside Vehicle Breakdown and Accidental Service System.
Authors: Prof. Ayaz Shaikh, Khushboo Lanjewar, Sahili Bhowate,Madhura Lakhote.
Abstract: The High-tech Advanced Roadside Vehicle Breakdown and Accidental Service System
is an innovative solution designed to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of roadside assistance
and accident response services. High-tech advanced Roadside Vehicle Breakdown And Accidental
service system Application is a mobile app designed to provide quick and efficient roadside
assistance to users experiencing vehicle breakdowns. The application will be built using Android
Studio with Java as the primary programming language, and it will leverage Firebase Database for
real-time data storage and retrieval. Additionally, a user-friendly mobile application allows users to
request assistance, track progress, and access relevant information. With a built-in data analytic
module, the system collects and analyzes data to optimize performance. the High-tech Advanced
Roadside Vehicle Breakdown and Accidental Service System aims to revolutionize the industry by
providing faster, more efficient, and customer -centric service.
Methodology: This chapter gives elaboration on the proposed approach. The discussion starts with
the block schematic representation of the proposed approach, followed by the detailed discussion on
the process to of Research Methodology for an High-tech advanced Roadside Vehicle Breakdown

11
 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

And Accidental service system Project the applicants is as shown in. geolocation functionality for
precise location monitoring.
Result and Conclusion: Picture Thus, our high tech advanced roadside vehicle breakdown and
accidental service system give better location result. it’s easily identifying the nearby location which
is incredibly useful to the user who uses it in emergency needs.The applying provides navigation to
the closest emergency service as selected by the user. It also provides contact information of those
services. This approach makes the user experience very easy and performs better than the present
system in crucial times like this. Our application shall make all possible efforts to locate and direct
the closest service provider to user’ s location It helps us the user for mechanical breakdown towing.
fuel delivery: flare tire change and vehicle collision etc. Service details will be accessed from the
applying, which is stored within the server as a part of the broader high tech advanced roadside
vehice breakdown service system.

2.13 Paper 13
Title: Integration of Weather Data in Incident Forecasting for Roadside Assistance Optimization
Authors: Emily White, Michael Johnson, Sarah Martinez
Abstract: This paper investigates the role of weather data integration in incident forecasting for
optimizing roadside assistance operations. Weather conditions have a significant impact on road
safety and incident occurrence, yet their incorporation into forecasting models remains limited.
Our study proposes a framework for integrating real-time weather data into incident forecasting
algorithms, leveraging machine learning techniques. Results demonstrate the enhanced accuracy of
incident predictions and the potential for reducing response times and operational costs in roadside
assistance services.
Methodology: The methodology involves collecting historical incident data, weather data, and
other relevant variables. Machine learning techniques are employed to develop forecasting models,
with a focus on integrating weather data into the modeling process.
Result and Conclusion: The study showcases improved incident forecasting accuracy through the
integration of weather data, leading to more efficient resource allocation and reduced operational
costs in roadside assistance services. The findings underscore the importance of considering weather
factors in incident prediction models for optimizing roadside assistance operations.

12
 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

2.14 Paper 14
Title: Data-Driven Approach to Resource Allocation in Roadside Assistance Services
Authors: David Smith, Jennifer Brown, Matthew Taylor
Abstract: This paper presents a data-driven approach to resource allocation in roadside assistance
services. By analyzing historical incident data and employing machine learning algorithms, our
study identifies patterns and trends in incident occurrence, enabling more efficient resource
deployment. Additionally, we explore the impact of various factors, including traffic volume and
time of day, on incident frequency and severity. Findings suggest opportunities for optimizing
resource allocation strategies and improving service reliability.
Methodology: The methodology involves data collection from various sources, including incident
reports and traffic data. Machine learning algorithms are utilized to analyze the data and identify
patterns in incident occurrence.
Result and Conclusion: The study highlights the effectiveness of a data-driven approach in
optimizing resource allocation for roadside assistance services. By leveraging historical incident
data and machine learning techniques, more efficient resource deployment strategies can be devised,
leading to improved service reliability and customer satisfaction.

2.15 Paper 15
Title: Enhancing Incident Response through Real-Time Data Analytics
Authors: Christopher Lee, Kimberly Adams, Mark Wilson
Abstract: This paper investigates the use of real-time data analytics in enhancing incident response
for roadside assistance services. By integrating data streams from traffic sensors, weather stations,
and incident reports, our study develops a predictive analytics model for anticipating incident
occurrence and severity. Results indicate significant improvements in response times and resource
allocation efficiency, highlighting the potential of real-time data analytics in optimizing roadside
assistance operations.
Methodology: The methodology involves collecting real-time data from various sources, including
traffic sensors and weather stations. Predictive analytics techniques are employed to develop a
model for anticipating incident occurrence and severity.
Result and Conclusion: The study demonstrates the effectiveness of real-time data analytics
in enhancing incident response for roadside assistance services. By integrating data streams and
employing predictive analytics techniques, response times can be improved, leading to more efficient

13
 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

resource allocation and better service delivery.

2.16 Paper 16
Title: Implementation of an Automobile Breakdown Service Provider (ABSP) Model
Authors: Oluwatofunmi O Adetunji, Inioluwa Alake, Ajayi Oluwabukola, Mensah Yaw
Abstract: The increasing frequency of vehicle breakdowns presents a challenge for automobile
drivers, especially when faced with unexpected breakdowns in unfamiliar locations. This article
addresses the need for an effective solution by proposing and implementing an Automobile
Breakdown Service Provider (ABSP) model. Vehicle breakdowns, caused by factors such as poor
road conditions, battery failure, or mechanical issues, often require immediate attention from
certified artisans.The backend was supported by the Laravel Framework, based on Hypertext
Preprocessor (PHP), with MySQL serving as the relational database for record storage. The ABSP
model’s significance lies in its ability to provide drivers with verified and rated artisans, ensuring
efficient breakdown resolution, payment automation, and minimizing the challenges associated
with breakdowns in unfamiliar or dangerous locations. This article offers insights into the design
and implementation of the ABSP model, contributing to enhanced reliability and convenience in
addressing automobile breakdowns.
Methodology: Extensive research was conducted to study existing research works and models.
Gaps in these works were identified and synthesized, considering them during the design of the
ABSP model. To implement the ABSP model, the Iterative software development process model
was adopted. This process model allows for client involvement in every iteration, corrections can be
made and new features implemented in every stage of iteration before the final system is produced.
Flutter was used for the development of the mobile applications (Android and iOS), Laravel
framework based on PHP was utilized for building Backend services of this application. Material
UI was integrated with Laravel Blade to enhance the visual aesthetics of the front end. MySQL, an
open-source, document-oriented database program, was chosen for data storage. The Google Maps
API and the Firebase Cloud Messaging API were integrated to facilitate the routing and
notifications respectively. Figma, a free design tool, facilitated collaboration among designers,
aiding in the creation of application screens.
Result and Conclusion: Extensive research was conducted to study existing research works and
models. Gaps in these works were identified and synthesized, considering them during the design
of the ABSP model. To implement the ABSP model, the Iterative software development process
model was adopted. This process model allows for client involvement in every iteration, corrections

14
 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

can be made and new features implemented in every stage of iteration before the final system is
produced. Flutter was used for the development of the mobile applications (Android and iOS),
Laravel framework based on PHP was utilized for building Backend services of this application.
Material UI was integrated with Laravel Blade to enhance the visual aesthetics of the front end.
MySQL, an open-source, document-oriented database program, was chosen for data storage. The
Google Maps API and the Firebase Cloud Messaging API were integrated to facilitate the routing
and notifications respectively. Figma, a free design tool, facilitated collaboration among designers,
aiding in the creation of application screens.

2.17 Paper 17
Title: Web Application For Road Vehicle Breakdown Assistance Finder
Authors: Furqan Talha,M VAMSHI KRISHNA REDDY,Omkar Solanki,SuhaS R
Abstract: The web application for Road Vehicle breakdown Assistance Finder represents an
innovative and vital solution for addressing the challenges posed by vehicle breakdowns,
particularly in remote and urban areas. Leveraging state-of-the-art technologies such as GPS
tracking and real-time communication, this user-friendly platform seamlessly connects distressed
vehicle owners with licensed and approved mechanics, enabling swift and reliable assistance. The
system’s monitoring mechanisms ensure fair pricing and service quality, while user feedback
facilitates continuous improvement. This transformative web application not only enhances road
safety and reduces traffic congestion but also significantly improves the overall experience for users,
ushering in a new era of convenience and efficiency in vehicle breakdown assistance.
Methodology: To Implement application Create a web application integrating Google Maps for
locating nearby breakdown assistance, offering real-time navigation,and utilizing user reviews to
suggest trustworthy service providers.Develop a user-centric web application that utilizes Google
Maps to pinpoint nearby breakdown assistance providers and provides real-time navigation,
streamlining the process of seeking timely help during vehicle emergencies.Enhance user
decision-making by incorporating a review system, enabling users to rate their experiences and
receive recommendations for dependable breakdown assistance providers based on collective
feedback.
Result and Conclusion: In conclusion, the map-centric web application for Road Vehicle
Breakdown Assistance Finder serves as a crucial tool to swiftly connect users with nearby
assistance services during emergencies.By prioritizing map integration, user-friendliness, and
real-time data, it enhances the overall experience for drivers in need,ensuring efficient and effective

15
 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

roadside assistance.

2.18 Paper 18
Title: On Road Vehicle Breakdown Assistance Finder.
Authors: K. Keerthi Priya,G. Hari Prasad,G. Sai Prakash,Prof. V Lingamaiah.
Abstract: When a person’s car experiences mechanical problems, the On-Street
Vehicle-Breakdown-Application (ORVBA) will be an appropriate response for them to seek
assistance in faraway locations. The chosen public will be the ORVBA’s clients, and they will
connect with the particular expert through a reliable application process. The On Street Vehicle
Breakdown Application (ORVBA) framework only pursues the legally supported and maintained
mechanics. Some customers in a continuous framework have their own master educational file,
which is incredibly unimportant. They also have no-idea if their cars will break down or have any
mec-hanical problems in-remote areas or in any other far-off areas from their trusted repair
businesses. The user-s of the On Street Vehicle Break-down Application (ORVBA) development
can look for a list of experts in any location (or) nearby areas who can assist them in perplexing
situations brought on by their vehicles’ mechanical problems in the proposed here.
Methodology: The proposed application helps with finding mechanics successfully and quickly. It
is trying to find mechanics nearby locale any spot you are journeying. This system helps with
vanquishing this issue by giving repairman nuances in a solitary tick. Here the locater grants you to
glance through mechanics from changed regions. Executive is allowed to get to and manage expert
nuances. This web based professional locater reduces work and can without a very remarkable
stretch track down the mechanics from various regions. Reduces your time and cost. The important
goal is to offer a better help and than make the cooperation really ultimately designating an expert
quickly. Manager, Repairman, and Customer are the three substances that specifically access the
proposed structure. A specialist can perform undertaking, for instance, seeing sales got from clients
and can similarly send analysis to the executive. Client can send a requesting and can pick an
expert on specific date-time.
Result and Conclusion: So, our dilemma separates administration and produces superior regional
results. When a client uses our programme for urgent needs, it successfully recognises the nearby
area, which is of great use to them. The programme directs users to the closest crisis management
agency they have selected. It also provides these services’ contact information. This
strategy-greatly simplifyes the customer experience and out-performs the present frame-work in
situations this important’. Our app will make every effort to locate and point users in the direction

16
 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

of the local expert organisation. It aids the client in towing mechanical breakdowns, transporting
fuel, changing flare tyres, and impacting vehicles.The programme, which is stored in the server as
part of the more thorough emergency aids administration, can be used to access administrative
details.

2.19 Paper 19
Title: Guardian: A Vehicle Breakdown Assistant.
Authors: Chethani Herath, Sandali Abeykoon, Kasun Karunasekara, Dilshan Nandasena
Abstract: Guardian is an android app which has been designed to help mainly to the people who are
having troubles with vehicle breakdowns at the road. The vehicle breakdown assistant application
was developed with the aim of providing emergency road side assistance services round the clock
to ensure a pleasurable and uninterrupted journey virtually anywhere. The application is designed
to enhance the user experience and ensure that users get immediate and hassle-free service in the
event of any vehicle breakdown. This application shall make all possible efforts to locate and direct
the nearest service provider to user’s location and mainly integrated with Google Cloud APIs, such
as Google Map API, Google Places API and non-SQL databases like Google Firebase Database
and Firebase Authentication. Guardian has been implemented through Android studio using java
and XML, and mainly capable to run with android operating systems above API 17. (Android
4.2 Jellybean). This research paper will give a broad introduction and will present about how this
vehicle breakdown app called Guardian, will be designed and be implemented.
Methodology: In this section will describe you about the methodologies , the tools and techniques
that has been used for the development of this app. The appropriate technology for the development
of the system must be decided considering the domain and system requirements. Product quality
does not depend on advanced and complex tools or low quality tools used in development, but
depends on the selection of appropriate tools and technology. The developer firstly must have
experience in a multitude of tools to implement the proposed Guardian Application. Tools for
modeling systems have been useful in system development, making development easier and easier
for the developer. In order to develop the system for a platform that the users prefer most ,
different requirement gathering techniques were used to identify a suitable platform. This helped the
developer to identify the user preferences more productively. According to the results of the survey
held on requirement gathering phase most of the people were preferring the mobile application
other than the other platforms.
Result and Conclusion: In conclusion, the problems faced by the drivers are not solely car breaking

17
 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

down. Car breakdown will cause frustration to the driver, the frustration will then cause the driver
to make bad decisions and being scammed by the tow truck scammers. Another problem is getting
help from workshops or mechanics. One who does not possess any workshop’s number can only
on the help of passing by and risk being scammed. Based on all these related problems, it is vital
to come out with a solution that can solve these problems. Revising back the background studies,
thus our emergency breaks down services [9] give better location result. This application easily
identifies the nearby location which is very useful to the user who uses it in emergency needs. The
application provides navigation to the nearest emergency services as selected by the user. It also
provides contact information of these services. This approach makes the user experience very easy
and performs better than the existing system in crucial times like this.

2.20 Paper 20
Title: Mobile Based Solution for Vehicle Assistance.
Authors: M.A.D.Wickrama, D.S.C.Dharmakeerthi, S.A.Balasooriya, U.M.I.S.Ekanayake
Abstract: At present majority of the people in Sri Lanka use private vehicles as their mode of
transport.Vehicle breakdown is a main issue faced by the vehicle drivers on-road. But depending
on the nature of the underlying reason of breakdown, some minor failures can be fixed by the
users themselves if they have the basic knowledge, which the majority lacks. If the vehicles
undergo a breakdown in a remote location, getting help or finding the required spare parts become a
hindrance. In addition to that, vehicle owners need a platform to get a clear idea and comparisons of
vehicle insurance companies and insurance packages. As a solution for the above concerns, authors
decided to develop a mobile application to assist drivers with vehicle breakdowns and maintenance
along with some extra functions. The suggested system’s major functions include providing
a personal assistant to aid with vehicle breakdowns, predicting upcoming vehicle maintenance
procedures, providing trustworthy spare part pricing, and recommending the best insurance providers
to customers. In order to develop the product several technologies and techniques including Natural
Language Processing, Neural Networks, and Sentimental Analysis are used.Customers are extremely
satisfied with the product’s efficacy, according to the results of the survey.
Methodology:The suggested system is a mobile application that can operate on Android devices.
The ultimate goal of this research is to develop user friendly mobile application for drivers. The
user first registers with our application, after which we give login, password changing, account
deletion, and other basic options. All of the registered user’s information is saved in our primary
system, and we save it in an encrypted way. The key components of the application are described in

18
 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

detail below.
Result and Conclusion: This paper introduces a novel approach to an efficient and effective vehicle
assistant platform that guides vehicle users to maintain vehicles. The mobile app, which was created,
using Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing techniques, has proven its accuracy in
offering vehicle-related solutions. The application provides an NLP-based personal assistant to
assist users when questions occur in a vehicle breakdown. It also includes a vehicle maintenance
manager, which assists the user in keeping their vehicle in good condition by predicting upcoming
maintenance procedures. The proposed application demonstrated its ability to forecast the price for
car spare parts and also to provide recommendations and guidance to the users to select the best
vehicle insurance provider and to provide a tailored search experience for each client. As a result,
this mobile app is packed with useful features and may be regarded as superior to the few current
apps that focus on vehicle assistance.

19
Chapter 3

Analysis / Software Requirements

Specification (SRS)

3.1 Purpose
The purpose of on-road vehicle breakdown assistance is to provide immediate support to motorists
facing mechanical failures or accidents while driving. This assistance includes emergency response,
roadside repairs, and towing services to ensure the safety and convenience of drivers and passengers.

3.2 EXISTING SYSTEM:

In an existing System there are users who have their own mechanic database which is very minimal.
It is not possible to find out the suitable mechanic for the desired service at remote locations. It
couldn’t detect any special breakdowns and didn’t show any specific signal about breakdown. Users
with the contacts of people at the particular place may look for help from them only if they are
ready to do so.

3.3 DISADVANTAGES
• It reduces employment as human efforts are being automated by this system.

• Require active internet connections.

• System will provide inaccurate results if data is not entered properly.

3.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The users of On Road Vehicle Breakdown Assistance (ORVBA) system can search for a list of
mechanics at any location or the nearby locations which will help them in unexpected situations

20
 CHAPTER 3. ANALYSIS / SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION (SRS)

raised by the mechanical issues of their vehicles. Only the licensed mechanics can get listed here
while the search and there are available mechanics who can come and repair the mechanical issues
in the customers vehicle

3.5 ADVANTAGES
• Secure registration of user’s and mechanics.

• Easy access to the data.

• The new system is more user-friendly, reliable and flexible.

• Reduced manual work.

3.6 Product Scope

This system will facilitate direct communication between motorists in distress and roadside
assistance providers, enabling efficient and timely resolution of breakdown situations. Key features
include a user-friendly mobile application and web portal for motorists to request assistance,
real-time tracking of service provider availability, integration of GPS technology for accurate
location tracking, and secure payment processing for service fees. Additionally, the system will
incorporate a feedback mechanism to gather customer reviews and improve service quality over
time. The scope also extends to developing backend infrastructure to support the platform’s
functionality, ensuring scalability, reliability, and data security. Overall, the product aims to
revolutionize the on-road vehicle breakdown assistance industry by providing a seamless and
transparent experience for motorists in need of assistance.

3.7 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions

This document is intended for the project team, stakeholders, developers, and anyone involved in the
development and implementation of on-road vehicle breakdown assistance. Readers are encouraged
to review the entire document to gain a comprehensive understanding of the project requirements
and features.
Reading suggestions for the intended audience include:

21
 CHAPTER 3. ANALYSIS / SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION (SRS)

1. ”Roadside Assistance Best Practices: A Guide for Motorists” - This guide provides tips and
advice for motorists on how to effectively handle breakdown situations and utilize roadside
assistance services.

2. ”Improving Roadside Assistance: Strategies for Service Providers” - This resource offers
insights and strategies for roadside assistance service providers to enhance their service
delivery and customer satisfaction.

3. ”Road Safety and Emergency Response: A Handbook for Administrators” - This handbook
provides guidance for administrators on implementing effective road safety measures and
emergency response protocols, including the integration of technology for improved roadside
assistance.

4. ”Innovations in Transportation Technology: Trends and Implications” - This publication

explores emerging technologies in the transportation sector, including advancements in on-
road vehicle breakdown assistance systems and their impact on road safety and mobility.

22
Chapter 4

System Design

4.1 UML DIAGRAMS

System design is the first step in the development phase for any techniques and principles for the
purpose of defining a device, a process or system in sufficient detail to permit its physical realization.
Once the software requirements have been analyzed and specified the software design involves
three technical activities - design, coding, implementation and testing that are required to build
and verify the software. The design activities are of main importance in this phase, because in this
activity, decisions ultimately affecting the success of the software implementation and its ease of
maintenance are made. These decisions have the final bearing upon reliability and maintainability of
the system. Design is the only way to accurately translate the customer’s requirements into finished
software or a system. Design is the place where quality is fostered in development. Software
design is a process through which requirements are translated into a representation of software.
Software design is conducted in two steps. Preliminary design is concerned with the transformation
of requirements into data.
ACTOR:
A coherent set of roles that users of use cases play when interacting with the use cases.
USE CASE:
A description of sequence of actions, including variants, that a system performs that yields an
observable result of value of an act.
UML stands for Unified Modeling Language. UML is a language for specifying, visualizing and
documenting the system. This is the step while developing any product after analysis. The goal
from this is to produce a model of the entities involved in the project which later need to be built.
The representation of the entities that are to be used in the product being developed need to be

23
 CHAPTER 4. SYSTEM DESIGN

designed

4.2 CLASS DIAGRAMS:

The class diagram is a static diagram. It represents the static view of an application. The class
diagrams are widely used in the modeling of object-oriented systems because they are the only
UML diagrams which can be mapped directly with object- oriented languages.

Figure 4.1: Class Diagram

4.3 USECASE DIAGRAMS

Use case diagrams model behavior within a system and help the developers understand what the
user requires. The stick man represents what’s called an actor. Use case diagrams can be useful for
getting an overall view of the system and clarifying who can do and more importantly what they
can’t do. Use case diagram consists of use cases and actors and shows the interaction between the

24
 CHAPTER 4. SYSTEM DESIGN

Figure 4.2: USECASE DIAGRAM

25
 CHAPTER 4. SYSTEM DESIGN

use case and actor.

• The purpose is to show the interactions between the use case and actor

• To represent the system requirements from the user’s perspective.

• An actor could be the end-user of the system or an external system.

USECASE DIAGRAM:

A Use case is a description of a set of sequence of actions. Graphically it is rendered as an

ellipse with a solid line including only its name. Use case diagram is a behavioral diagram that
shows a set of use cases and actors and their relationship. It is an association between the use cases
and actors. An actor represents a real-world object. Primary Actor – Sender, Secondary Actor
Receiver.

• It maps well to the relational model. The constructs used in the ER model can easily be
transformed into relational table.

• It is simple and easy to understand with a minimum of training. Therefore, the model can be
used by the database designer to communicate the design to the end user.

• In addition, the model can be used as a design plan by the database developer to implement a
data model in specific database management software.

4.5 ER Notation
There is no standard for representing data objects in ER diagrams. Each modeling methodology
uses its own notation. The original notation used by Chen is widely used in academic texts and
journals but rarely seen in either CASE tools or publications by non-academics. Today, there are a
number of notations used; among the more common are Bachman, crow’s foot, and IDEFIX. All
notational styles represent entities as rectangular boxes and relationships as lines connecting boxes.
Each style uses a special set of symbols to represent the cardinality of a connection. The notation
used in this document is from Martin.

• Entities are represented by labeled rectangles. The label is the name of the entity. Entity
names should be singular nouns.

26
 CHAPTER 4. SYSTEM DESIGN

4.4 ER DIAGRAM
The Entity-Relationship (ER) model was originally proposed by Peter in 1976 [Chen76] as a way to unify the
network and relational database views. Simply stated the ER model is a conceptual data model that views the
real world as entities and relationships. A basic component of the model is the Entity- Relationship diagram
which is used to visually represent data objects. Since Chen wrote his paper the model has been extended and
today it is commonly used for database design for the database designer, the utility of the ER model is:

Process
ends.

No

User logins Searches for If any Assistance is

into the nearby assistance is Yes send to the
application. assistamce. available. user.

If the
Confirm it Test the Provides vehicle can
with vehicle vehicle to assistance or Yes No Process end.
be repaired
owner. ensure it is repair. ?
operational.

If the worker will User will be

repair is done Yes upload the prompted to User will give Process
or not. status to the make the rating. ends.
database. payment.

No

Process Data
Database

Figure 4.3: ER DIAGRAME

27
 CHAPTER 4. SYSTEM DESIGN

• Relationships are represented by a solid line connecting two entities. The name of the
relationship is written above the line. Relationship names should

• Attributes, when included, are listed inside the entity rectangle. Attributes which are identifiers
are underlined. Attribute names should be singular nouns

• Cardinality of many is represented by a line ending in a crow’s foot. If the crow’s foot is
omitted, the cardinality is

. Existence is represented by placing a circle or a perpendicular bar on the line. Mandatory existence
is shown by the bar (looks like a 1) next to the entity for an instance is required. Optional existence
is shown by placing a circle next to the entity that is optional.

28
Chapter 5

Methodology

5.1 Requirements Gathering and Analysis

• Conduct interviews and surveys with stakeholders, including drivers, service providers, and
automotive industry experts, to understand their needs, pain points, and expectations.

• Analyze the existing breakdown assistance processes and identify areas for improvement.

• Define functional and non-functional requirements for the proposed system.

• Identify pain points and areas for improvement, such as response times, resource utilization,
and customer experience.

5.2 System Architecture Design

• Develop a high-level system architecture, considering components such as vehicle tracking,
resource allocation, communication, and integration with external systems (e.g., smart city
infrastructure, automotive manufacturers).

• Identify the necessary technologies and frameworks to be used, such as telematics systems,
predictive analytics tools, and real-time communication platforms.

• Design the data flow and interfaces between different components of the system.

5.3 Data Collection and Preprocessing

• Collect historical data on breakdowns, service requests, traffic patterns, weather conditions,
and other relevant factors.

• Preprocess and clean the data to ensure consistency and quality.

29
 CHAPTER 5. METHODOLOGY

• Explore and analyze the data to identify patterns, trends, and potential predictors of
breakdowns.

5.4 Predictive Modeling and Resource Allocation

• Develop predictive models using techniques such as machine learning, time series analysis,
and spatial analysis to forecast the likelihood of breakdowns in specific areas and times.

• Implement algorithms for dynamic resource allocation, considering factors like predicted
demand, service vehicle locations, and response time constraints.

• Integrate real-time data sources (e.g., traffic conditions, road sensors) to continuously update
and refine the predictive models and resource allocation strategies.

5.5 Integration and Testing

• Integrate with vehicle telematics systems or develop a mobile app to collect real-time location
data, diagnostic information, and breakdown details from drivers.

• Implement mechanisms for secure and reliable data transmission between vehicles and the
assistance system.

• Develop algorithms for analyzing vehicle diagnostic data to identify potential issues and
provide proactive maintenance recommendations.

5.6 User Interface and Communication

• Design user-friendly interfaces for drivers to request assistance, track the status of their
requests, and receive real-time updates.

• Develop communication channels and protocols for seamless information exchange between
drivers, service providers, and service vehicles.

• Implement notification systems to alert drivers and service providers about critical events or
updates.

5.7 Integration and Testing

• Integrate the various components of the system, including vehicle tracking, predictive models,
resource allocation algorithms, user interfaces, and communication channels.

30
 CHAPTER 5. METHODOLOGY

• Conduct comprehensive testing, including unit testing, integration testing, and user acceptance
testing, to ensure the system functions as intended and meets the defined requirements.

• Perform stress testing and load testing to evaluate the system’s performance under different
usage scenarios.

5.8 Deployment and Continuous Improvement

• Deploy the on-road vehicle breakdown assistance system in a production environment,
ensuring proper security, scalability, and monitoring mechanisms.

• Implement mechanisms for collecting user feedback, monitoring system performance, and
gathering data for continuous improvement.

• Regularly analyze the collected data and user feedback to identify areas for optimization and
implement updates or enhancements to the system.

• Establish processes for software updates, bug fixes, and system maintenance to ensure the
system remains effective and up-to-date.

31
Chapter 6

Implementation

6.1 Frontend Development with React.js:

6.1.1 User Interface Design:

Design user-friendly interfaces for registration, login, assistance request submission, and service
provider management using React.js components.

Figure 6.1: Home Page

32
 CHAPTER 6. IMPLEMENTATION

Figure 6.2: Register Page

Figure 6.3: Login Page

33
 CHAPTER 6. IMPLEMENTATION

Figure 6.4: User Dashboard Page

Figure 6.5: Mechanic Dashboard Page

34
 CHAPTER 6. IMPLEMENTATION

Figure 6.6: Booking Conform Page

• User Interface Design: Design user-friendly interfaces for registration, login, assistance
request submission, and service provider management using React.js components.

• Component Development: Develop reusable components for various UI elements such as

forms, buttons, and cards.

• State Management: Implement state management using React hooks or Redux to manage
user authentication, assistance requests, and service provider data.

• Routing: Set up routing using React Router to navigate between different pages within the
application.

• Styling: Apply styles using CSS or CSS frameworks like Bootstrap to enhance the visual
appeal of the application.

6.2 Backend Integration with Express.js and Node.js:

• Server Setup: Set up an Express.js server to handle HTTP requests from the frontend.

• Routing: Define routes for user authentication, assistance request submission, service provider
management, and admin functions.

35
 CHAPTER 6. IMPLEMENTATION

• Middleware: Implement middleware for authentication, request validation, and error

handling.

• Database Integration: Connect to MongoDB using the official MongoDB Node.js driver
or Mongoose to perform CRUD operations on user data, assistance requests, and service
provider information.

• Business Logic: Implement business logic to process assistance requests, assign them to
available service providers, and update their status accordingly.

Figure 6.7: Backend code

36
 CHAPTER 6. IMPLEMENTATION

6.3 Database Management with MongoDB:

• Schema Design: Design MongoDB schemas for user profiles, assistance requests, service
provider details, and admin data.

• Data Population: Populate the database with initial data such as admin accounts, predefined
service categories, and sample assistance requests for testing.

• Indexing: Create indexes on fields used for querying data to optimize database performance.

• Backup and Recovery: Implement backup and recovery procedures to prevent data loss in
case of system failures.

SL.No Name Type

1 id int(10)

2 Name varchar(20)

3 Username varchar(20)

4 Mobile bigint(10)

5 Email varchar(20)

6 Password varchar(20)

Table 6.1: USER

37
 CHAPTER 6. IMPLEMENTATION

SL.No Name Type

1 id int(20)

2 Name varchar(20)

3 Username varchar(20)

4 Mobile bigint(10)

5 Email varchar(20)

6 Password varchar(20)

Table 6.2: Mechanic

SL.No Name Type

1 ID int(10)

2 Customer Name varchar(20)

3 Phone Number int(10)

4 Service Type varchar(200)

5 Location varchar(20)

6 Email varchar(20)

7 UserId int(20)

8 MechanicId int(20)

8 DateofRequest timestamp

10 status varchar(200)

Table 6.3: BOOKING TABLE

38
 CHAPTER 6. IMPLEMENTATION

6.4 Deployment and Testing

Deploy the object detection system on a suitable platform (e.g., local machine, cloud server).Conduct
thorough testing to ensure system functionality, performance, and compatibility with different
devices and browsers. Documentation and Code Management Create comprehensive documentation
including project overview, implementation details, user guide, and technical specifications. Manage
codebase using version control (e.g., Git), maintaining clean and organized code structure with
comments and documentation. Performance Optimization and Future

6.4.1 Testing:

SL.NO Name Performed Result

1 Registration Not allowing Success
multiple
registrations for
single user
2 Login Not allowing the Success
user with wrong
credentials
3 Service request Submitting the Success
request form only
when a mechanic is
in online.
4 Fetching details Fetching user and Success
mechanic details
based on id.

Table 6.4: Testing

39
Chapter 7

Conclusion

“Vehicle Breakdown Assistance Management System” is very graceful and lively. Users can book
vehicle assistance online with minimal effort. Once a request has been sent and confirmed by an
assistance provider company they send the assistance at the provided address.

• Automation of the entire system improves productivity.

• It provides a friendly graphical user interface which proves to be better when compared to the
existing system.

• It gives appropriate access to the authorized users depending on their permissions.

• It effectively overcomes the delay in communications.

• Updating information becomes so easy.

• System security, data security and reliability are the striking features.

• The System has adequate scope for modification in future if it is nece

40
Chapter 8

Future Work

• Payment Integration: Add payment gateways for customer convenience.

• Review System: Allow customers to rate and review mechanics.

• Push Notifications: Add support for push notifications for mobile users.

• Spare-parts Tools: The vehicle and spare-parts shop will be categorized according to the
vehicle model. That is help to user found their spare-parts according to the type of the vehicle
by saving their time

41
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