BASIC
PRINCIPLES
IN BUILDING
CONVEYING
SYSTEMS
GROUP 9 BSCE 3B
CONVEYOR SYSTEM DEFINITION
A conveyor system is a common piece
of mechanical handling equipment that
moves materials from one location to
another. Conveyors are specifically
useful in applications involving the
transportation of heavy or bulky
materials. A conveyor system is a fast
and efficient mechanical handling
apparatus for automatically transporting
loads and materials within an area.
>>Operationally safe
>>Energy efficient
>>Reliable (parts and
components
engineered to last)
>>Adaptable to
changing needs
>>Cost-effective (in
CONSIDERATIONS IN
terms of TCO, or total
DESIGNING A CONVEYOR cost of ownership)
SYSTEM
MAIN ELEMENTS OF A CONVEYOR
CONVEYOR DRIVE
Conveyor drive unit allows the
system to move. The drive is the
part of the conveyor which
powers the conveyor. It can
refer to the motor or the
assembly which mounts the They may either be of fixed-
motor to the conveyor (also speed or adjustable-speed
known as the drive assembly). type.
Fixed- Speed Drives - used Adjustable-Speed Drives-
when the initially chosen designed for changing speed
conveyor speed does not either manually or
require change during the automatically while the
course of normal operation
conveyor is in operation, to
Simple sheave or sprocket
changes suffice should minor meet variations in processing
speed alterations be needed. requirements.
THERE A THREE MAIN TYPES OF DRIVE ASSEMBLIES,
THEY ARE, IN THE ORDER OF MOST TO LEAST
COMMON: END DRIVE, CENTER DRIVE AND
INTERNAL DRIVE.
END DRIVE CONVEYORS
The motor powers one of the end
rollers on conveyor. Ideally, the drive
is located at the discharge end of the
conveyor, so that it is pulling the belt
or chain over the pulley.
CENTER DRIVE CONVEYORS
Located along the center of the conveyor frame. That
said this drive type can typically be mounted anywhere
along the frame of the conveyor not just in the
geometrical center of the conveyor. These drives
typically consist of three rollers, versus a single roller
as used in end drive configurations.
INTERNAL DRIVE CONVEYORS
In both previous drive configurations, the motor is
mounted externally to the conveyor; and engages with
the drive pulley. However, with the 3rd drive assembly
option; the internal drive drum motor, the motor inside,
or internal to, the drive pulley. Meaning the drive pulley
and the motor are one assembly or a single piece – the
motor is housed within the pulley.
CONVEYOR MOTOR
Conveyor Motors for conveyor drices are generally of 240 V and 480 V ratings. The
squirrel- cage motor is most commonly used with belt conveyors and with drives up to
7.457 kW (10HP).
AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT
Auxiliary equipment is defined as peripheral equipment that may be an integral part of
the extrusion process to improve or optimize the extrusion process efficiency and
ease of operation.
CONTROL OF CONVEYORS
Control has been enhanced considerably with the introduction of processcontrol
computers and programmable controllers, which can be used to maintain rated
capacities to close tolerances.
THE MAJOR TYPES OF CONVEYORS ARE:
1. Chute Conveyor - is used to provide
accumulation in shipping areas; a
spiral chute can be used to convey
items between floors with minimum
amount of space required.
2. Wheel Conveyor - These can be used
as pusher units set horizontally or
inclined for gravity flow
3. Roller Conveyor - May be powered
(or live) or non-powered (or gravity)
4. Chain Conveyor - Uses one or more
endless chains on which loads are carried
directly parallel chain configuration used to
transport pallets
5. Slat Conveyor - It consists of endless
chains, driven by electric motors operating
through reduction gears and sprockets,
with attached spaced slats to carry objects
that would damage a belt because of sharp
edges or heavy weights.
6. Belt conveyors - Belt conveyors are most
commonly used in transportation of bulk
materials (grain, ore, sand, etc.).
(a) Flat Belt Conveyor
(b) Magnetic Belt Conveyor
(c) Troughed Belt Conveyor
7. Vibrating Conveyor - Vibrates at a
relatively high frequency and small
amplitude in order to convey
individual units of products or bulk
material
8. Screw Conveyor - Consists of a tube
or U-shaped stationary trough through
which a shaft-mounted helix revolves to
push loose material forward in a
horizontal or inclined direction
9. Pneumatic Conveyor - Air pressure is
used to convey materials through a
system of vertical and horizontal tubes
10. Vertical Conveyor - Used for low-
frequency intermittent vertical transfers
(cf. vertical chain conveyor can be used for
continuous high-frequency vertical
transfers)
ESCALATOR – uses conveyor belt system
The core of an escalator is a pair of chains, looped
around two pairs of gears. An electric motor turns the
drive gears at the top, which rotate th-e chain loops.
A typical escalator uses a 100-horsepower motor to
rotate the gears. The motor and chain system are
housed inside the truss, a metal structure extending
between two floors.
ELEVATOR / LIFTS - The lift is a type of vertical
transport equipment that efficiently moves people or
goods between floors (levels, decks) of a building,
vessel or other structure.
MOVING WALKWAYS - Like
elevators and escalators, moving
walkways are used to move people.
They are also known as moving
sidewalks and are called “travelators”
in the United Kingdom. Much like
escalators, moving walkways use a
conveyor belt to transport people.
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