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Assignment 1 2025

The assignment focuses on various components of water balance, including consistency checks of rainfall data using double mass curves, river flow estimation through stream gauging, runoff estimation from design storms, and infiltration calculations using Horton’s and Green and Ampt methods. Students are required to perform calculations, generate graphs, and prepare a comprehensive report detailing assumptions, parameters, and methodologies. The assignment is due on March 18, 2025, and is worth a total of 100 marks.

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33 views3 pages

Assignment 1 2025

The assignment focuses on various components of water balance, including consistency checks of rainfall data using double mass curves, river flow estimation through stream gauging, runoff estimation from design storms, and infiltration calculations using Horton’s and Green and Ampt methods. Students are required to perform calculations, generate graphs, and prepare a comprehensive report detailing assumptions, parameters, and methodologies. The assignment is due on March 18, 2025, and is worth a total of 100 marks.

Uploaded by

mhller035
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CIV3044F: ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY

Assignment 1: Water balance components

(Deadline - 18th Mar 2025 at 10:00 am - submission online via amathuba)


1. Double mass curve to check for consistency in rainfall data (25 Marks)

a) Given average annual rainfall at station A and 10 stations near A (see Table 1), Using the double
mass curve approach, plot a graph to check for consistency in rainfall data at station A
b) Compute adjusted annual rainfalls at station A for the affected period

Table 1
Annual rainfall Average annual rainfall around
Year at A station A
2020 950 1420
2019 1120 1230
2018 880 1420
2017 680 920
2016 1110 1310
2015 860 930
2014 970 990
2013 1120 1120
2012 1900 1420
2011 1260 1110
2010 1080 1070
2009 1270 1080
2008 1720 1190
2007 1530 1380
2006 1200 900
2005 1260 1230

2. River flow estimation (25 Marks)


a) The data pertaining to a stream-gauging operation at a gauge site are given in Table 2.
Table 2
Distance from right
0 2 4 6 9 12 15 18 20 22 23 24
bank (m)
Depth (m) 0 0.5 1.1 1.95 2.25 1.85 1.75 1.65 1.50 1.25 0.75 0
Number of revolutions 0 80 83 131 139 121 114 109 92 85 70 0
Time (s) 0 180 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 170 0
The rating curve equation of the current meter used to measure velocity at 0.6 depth is v = 0.32
Ns+ 0.032, where Ns – revolution per second. Using the mid-section method, estimate the
discharge in the stream.

3. Runoff estimation from design storm (25 Marks)


The rainfall intensity in Table 3 was estimated from an IDF curve at 10-minute interval

Table 3

Duration (mm) 10 20 30 40 50 60

Intensity (mm/hr) 142 118 95 80 68 59

a) For the rainfall intensities in Table 3, generate an alternating block design storm for the area
b) For a residential area with 20% impervious and silty soil, estimate the Curve Number of the area
c) Estimate the maximum retention capacity of the area
d) Estimate the runoff volume component
e) Estimate the actual retention (infiltration)
f) Estimate runoff coefficient and comment on land use (Hint: urban or rural)
g) Using the initial loss and proportional loss methods, generate tables and plot graphs that show
both the runoff and rainfall loss (infiltration) components

4. Infiltration (25 Marks)

i Hortons method
Initial and final infiltration rates of a given catchment were estimated as 15 mm/hr and 0.5 mm/hr
respectively. The decay constant is 0.8 hr-1. Using the Horton’s approach;
i. Calculate and plot infiltration rate and accumulated infiltration graphs using t = 5 min, 10 min, 20
min, 0.5 hr, 1 hr, 1.5 hr and 2 hr time intervals (3 marks)
ii. Comment on the limitation of this approach (1 mark)

ii Green and Ampt method


Given rainfall intensity of 0.5 cm/hour for 4 hours on a clay loam soil with effective saturation of
25 %. Making a maximum of 3 iterations where required, determine:
i) Ponding time (tp)
ii) Cumulative infiltration (Fp) at ponding time
iii) Estimate cumulative infiltration F(t) and Infiltration rate f(t) at t = 2
iv) Estimate cumulative infiltration F(t) and Infiltration rate f(t) at t = 5

Prepare a report (in MS Word/pdf) including the following


a. All assumptions, if any, should be stated and motivated.
b. Parameters in formulas used must be defined.
c. Easy to follow logic of calculations.
d. All answers must be to the nearest sensible significant figures with units.
e. Include all information needed to follow calculation, e.g. calculation sheets and maps.

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