The dissipation of water's kinetic energy in channel water conveyance tracts
B. Jurayev, O. Mirzaeva, Sh. Turayev
Irrigation and Water Problems Research InstitutePhD student, Irrigation and Water Problems
Research InstitutePhD student, Director of the Samarkand Regional Center of the Scientific Research
Institute for Irrigation and Water Problems
Abstract: The high velocity of water flow in the channels' water conveyance tract leads to
erosion of the riverbeds and changes in their technical parameters. As a result, this leads to a decrease
in water flow in irrigation systems and causes water scarcity. Energy dissipators are being utilized in
main canals to properly regulate water flow and reduce the excess kinetic energy of the water current.
This article provides information on the parameters of energy dissipators used to reduce the kinetic
energy of water in the water conveyance tract of the Dargom Main Canal, as well as explanations on
dissipating the kinetic energy of the flow over short distances.
Key words: channel, velocity, kinetic energy, water flow, damper.
I.Introduction.
In accordance with Decree №. PP-4486 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated
October 19, 2019, measures are being systematically implemented to further enhance the water
resource management system. In recent years, within the framework of comprehensive institutional
reforms implemented in our country, measures have been taken to enhance the effectiveness of state
management in the water sector and to improve the principles and system of water resource
management. Consistent efforts are being undertaken to improve the meliorative condition of irrigated
lands, increase the efficiency of water resource utilization, enhance the accounting system for these
resources, as well as strengthen the material and technical base of water management organizations.
At present, considerable attention is being devoted in our republic to improving the operational regimes
of irrigation systems, reducing water losses while taking into account water scarcity, and implementing
modern information technologies in this process. The volume of water delivery and operation of
irrigation canals create an opportunity for the rational use of water.
II. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SYSTEM
The paper mainly focuses on how machine learning techniques in Data mining can be applied
to predict the risk factors. The study of literature survey is presented in section III, the research
objective and method IV, section V Analysis of the results and examples, VI discusses the Conclusion.
III. LITERATURE SURVEY
Many scientists are conducting scientific research on the issue of reducing the kinetic energy
of water flow in canals. In particular: The appearance, dimensions, and placement conditions of energy
dissipators designed to control water flow in canals, as well as hydraulic experimental studies, have
been examined in the scientific research works of Carolina Yubing, John Southard, Kevin Rawal, M.D.
Chertousov, I.I. Levi, A.N. Rakhmanov, N.P. Rozanov, A.A. Uginchus, N.T. Kaveshnikov, M.R.
Ikramova, A.A. Yangiyev, B.M. Norkulov and others. As a result of intense erosion processes
occurring in the Dargom Canal bed, the canal banks are collapsing, the channel is becoming silted, and
consequently, its water-carrying capacity is decreasing. This is leading to a gradual reduction in the
canal's efficiency. Measures aimed at reducing the intensity of channel erosion and sedimentation
through improving the technical parameters of the canal have been developed. Increasing the efficiency
coefficient of the canal and reducing water losses remain urgent tasks.
IV.THE RESEARCH OBJECTIVE AND METHOD
Water is drawn into the Dargom main canal through the Yangi Dargom canal from the
Ravotkhoja hydroelectric complex, which is built on the Zeravshan River. The total length of the New
Dargom and Dargom canals is 103.2 km (from PK0+00 to PK1032). The water intake section of the
canal from the river is illustrated in Figure 1 below. Measurements were conducted on the channel
between PK 160+00 and PK 235+50.
Figure 1. River water intake sections of the canal
The Dargom canal provides water to 67.5 thousand hectares of land in Samarkand region and
50 thousand hectares in Kashkadarya region. The total length of the New Dargom and Dargom canals
is 103 km. The average water discharge is 180 m3/s. The annual flow volume amounts to 0.9-1.2 km3.
The irrigated areas connected to the Darghom irrigation system comprise 123.3 thousand hectares. 815
million cubic meters of water is drawn from the Zarafshon River. Additionally, 27.5 million cubic
meters of water is used from streams and springs, 6.16 million cubic meters from underground sources,
and 56.46 million cubic meters from return waters. The water usage limit in the irrigation system is
established based on the water availability level of the year. In years with low water availability, the
limit amount is around 770 million cubic meters, while in water-abundant years, it is approximately
1200 million cubic meters.
V.Analysis of the results and examples.
The process of studying the technical condition of the Darghom Main Canal revealed that the
primary channel processes and bank erosion were occurring over a 5 km stretch between the Jumabozor
Bridge and the Gulba Hydroelectric Power Station. In some places, bank erosion ranged from 1.5 to 3
meters, creating a hazardous situation for agricultural lands and other objects located near the riverbank
zone. The technical data of the Dargom Main Canal was analyzed, and the eroded areas of the canal
were studied. The hydrometric, morphological, and kinematic characteristics of the canal have been
refined.
Figure 2. Bank erosion conditions of the Dargom canal
Figure 3. Instances of reducing the kinetic energy of water through the use of rapid flow
structures in canal sections PK138+00 to PK153+00
Dissipation of flow energy. In the upper sections of the channels, a hydraulic jump
phenomenon occurs due to the impact of the flow's energy. If a hydraulic jump process occurs, energy
dissipation basins, rapid flow channels, or micro-cascades, and walls (barriers) are used to reduce the
impact of water flow from the upper reach to the lower reach. Structures built to dissipate energy in
the downstream area are called energy dissipators. In the compressed section of the waterway, up to
the depth of the second jump, the flow velocity is relatively high. To ensure the safety of the waterway
structure and considering economic efficiency, it is necessary to partially increase the potential energy
by reducing the kinetic energy to a certain extent. Additionally, it is required to transition from a driven
hydraulic jump to a submerged hydraulic jump for connecting the downstream and upstream water
levels. Taking into account the high energy of the water flow and channel erosion in the Dargom main
canal, several energy-dissipating structures are being implemented. The Aylanma Dargom Canal
features 10 rapid cascades, while the Eski Dargom Canal has 24 rapid cascades, all designed to
dissipate the flow energy. As a result of field measurements, we obtained the following results.
Measurement work was carried out on the section between the Jumabozor Bridge and Gulba
Hydroelectric Power Station to monitor the eroded parts of the main canal's banks. The coastal erosion
zones were studied and a topographic survey was conducted. The length of the washed section of the
riverbed was marked with pickets, and measurement work was carried out. Measurements of the
channel's cross-section were conducted at the picket line intersections.
Table 1. Results of the measurement work
№ PK Water flow velocity: V, m/s Water flow rate: Q, m3/s
1. 160+00 0,72 18,27
2. 165+00 0,78 19,17
3. 191+00 1,29 18,01
4. 200+00 1,31 18,90
5. 230+50 0,66 19.04
6. 170+00 1,75 142,93
7. 175+00 1,88 138,8
Figure 4. Graph of water flow rate and stream velocity measurement results.
From the measurement results, we can observe that even during periods of low water discharge
in the canal, the water flow velocity maintains good movement. As a result, in the Dargom main canal,
the water flow transitions from a laminar regime to a turbulent regime as the velocity of the water
increases, leading to erosion of the coastal slopes. The following conditional formulas were developed
to determine the static stability of the channel bed.
Water flow rate condition U2 > U > U1
𝐿 𝜕𝑈 2
Condition for water flow acceleration ∫0 𝜕𝑙 ≈ 0
𝜕𝑙
𝜕 𝐿
Condition for Energy Loss ∫ 𝐼 𝜕𝑙 ≈ 0
𝜕𝑡 0 𝑓
here: U is the average velocity of the flow; U1 and U2 are the minimum and maximum values
of the flow velocity; L is the length of the channel section; If - friction slope;
Using these formulas, it is possible to calculate the conditions for normal velocity, acceleration,
and energy loss states of channel processes.
VI.Conclusion
A study of the technical condition of the Dargom Main Canal revealed that the primary channel
processes and bank erosion were occurring along a 5 km stretch between the Jumabozor Bridge and
the Gulba Hydroelectric Power Station. In some areas, coastal erosion ranged from 1.5 to 3 meters,
creating a hazardous situation for agricultural lands and other objects located close to the shoreline
zone.
The velocity intensity in the lower reaches of the canal does not remain excessively critical
(high) over very long distances. Therefore, it is recommended to identify zones with high channel flow
velocities and construct energy dissipation structures. The Dargom main canal serves to reduce energy
demand alongside meeting the population's water needs by effectively utilizing the kinetic energy of
the water flow through the additional construction and commissioning of micro-hydroelectric power
stations in sections with high water flow rates.
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