AB SO RP TIO N IN Pt< :VF D BE D
(CO 2 AB SO RP TIO fJ IN NaOH SO LU TIO N)
1. OBJ ECT /E;
2. Am :
3. lnTR OCU CTIO II:
~:.'1S con-::,0:-s:ts tJ" Ts gas ir iauio
.. Sue r opera:ori rscu res ~a""s'~r ~.:
.-.i8ss -',s . . . .
;as s'usa""' to •re .'.]Jid. Ir man /
ird!Jstria a:::inrcat o~s re 8:)S' .:,":,~ 0-
Y-::c.ss 5
a:co ··::;a "·ec OJ cner rica reaction
..isua F reacLio"" - ti"e :::;_-:: -::' ·-s
ci:.s::;·:s-:
-:c-: :is-s --: :i.~ a '&a9ent ;_ tile abso
roing l'auid lazes :::> ace - .,9 °ea: ;=··
a-:: n'::
•
::,2"uc pressure o' tf'e so Jte ma:
·., Lr ncreases t:ie cc-c ent; a: on c "e'e
"ce
• r.,:,rsass . ,. a .... ~ nias s mass !r2' s'er coe.r:c ert
4. T HEO Rf:
;::,a::,.e:: :v:.e •s. -sea '-:; - CC"Ln:..,cJs
CO"iae! o· ·quid and gas '1 botfi cou r,e• Cu" ert anc!
x ::.,_,..,e-: "-:,:,, ~c:. a-e .ie'"'..:ca co J" r.s .•,n,c
n t-ia 1e bee n~ ed :. 1ti pac~ 19 o· ce, ces
-.t,
~i~
t.nwr,,,..,,r g Growth Conrect ?'l
of larg e surf ace . The liquid is distr
ibuted over, and trick les dow n thro
ugh , the pac ked bed
exp osin g a larg e surf ace to cont
act the gas.
Man y indu stria l abs orpt ion proc
esse s are acco mpa nied by che
mica l reaction. Rea ctio n
in the liqui d of the abs orbe d
com pon ent with a reag ent in
the abs orbi ng liquid is
esp ecia lly com man .
In case of abs orpt ion in a packed
bed colu mn for the calc ulat ion of
overall mas s tran sfer
coe fficie nt follo wing form ulae is
used:
KGa = N
A
h X PX AX I::,. Y 0 LM ...... ..... ..... .... (1)
Whe re NA is rate of absorption
of CO 2, h, A, P are heig ht of the
colu mn , cros s sect iona l
area and atm osp heri c pressure
respectively. t:,. Y LM is log mea n
0
mol e frac tion diffe renc e
of CO2 whic h is calculated by follo
wing formulae.
Whe re Y is mol e fraction of CO
2, suff ix 1 and 2 indic ate the con cen trati on
at inlet and
outl et of the colu mn Y 0 is mol e frac
tion of CO 2 at equilibrium.
In case of absorption with chemical
reaction, (eg CO 2 abso rptio n in NaO
H solu tion )
The equ ilibr ium conc entr atio n is
Zero (Y0 = 0 ) (when reaction is
irreversible).
Eq" (2) bec ame :
' .... ' . ' ..... .... ' (3)
Heig ht of the colu mn can be dete
rmined by the follo wing form ulae
:
h=H TUx NTU
2
Where NTU =JdY /(Y - Y 0 ) ..... ..... ..... .. ' (4)
For the cas e of abso rptio n with chem
ical reaction, (eg CO2 abs orpt ion
in NaO H solu tion )
The equ ilibr ium con cen trati on is
zero (Y0 =0) (whe n reac tion is irrev
ersi ble) .
K C Engineers Pvt Limite d. Ambafa
ABSO RPTI ON IN PACK ED BED
Page No 2 of 9 (Rev 1)
Tl1en the oquatI011 (4) bocmmi
........ ..... (5)
h
HTU = - (6)
NTU
HTU is height of transfer unit and NTU Is number of transfer unit.
5. DESCRIPTION:
The set-up consists of a glass column packed with rasching rings. Liquid Is fed at the top
of the column through distributor. The solute gas and air are measured separately
mixed in a mixing chamber and then passed through the packed column vertically
upward and absorbed in liquid. Rotameters are provided to measure the flow rate of
each feed. Feed tank and collecting tank are given. Pressure gauge and pressure
regulator are given to measure the pressure and control the pressure.
6. UTILITIES REQUIRED:
6.1 Compressed Air Supply: @ 4 CFM at 2 bar.
6.2 Floor Drain Required.
6.3 Laboratory glass ware:-
Conical flask (250 ml) 01 No.
Measuring cylinder (50 ml) 01 No.
Burette (50 ml) 01 No.
6.4 Chemicals:-
BaCl2 50gm
HCI(1N) 250 ml
NaOH Pellets 1 kg
1 cylinder
Distilled water
10 Ltrs
Indicator (phenolphthalein) Few drops
KC Engineers Pvt Ltm,ted, Ambala
ABSORPTION IN PACKED BED
Page No 3 of 9 (Rev 1)
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Growth
7. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
7.1 STARTING PROCEDURE:
7 .1.1 Prepare 2 N Na OH feed solution by dissolving100 gm Na OH pellets ,n 10
liter of distilled water.
7.1.2 Fill one burette by 1N HCI solution.
7.1.3 Take 25 ml BaCl 2 in a conical flask.
7.1.4 Close all the valves V1-Va.
7.1.5 Fill the prepared solution in feed tank by open the valve V4 and air vent
valve Vs.
7.1.6 Close the valve V4-Vs.
7.1.7 Connect compressed air supply by open the valve Vs-
7.1.8 Connect electric supply to the set-up.
7.1.9 Start the supply and fix the flow rate of Na OH solution by adjust the valve
v,.
7. 1.1 O Note down the flow rate of Na OH solution.
7.1. 11 Wait till the overflow, now start the supply of CO2 and compressed air.
7 .1.12 Fix the flow rate of CO2 by open the valve V3 and compressed air by adjust
the valve V2 (CO 2 should be in the range of 3.33-16.67%).
7.1.13 Note down the flow rate of CO2 and compressed air.
7.1 .14 Wait for 10 minute, collect 10 ml sample in conical flask that already
contains 25 ml of BaCl2.
,,. ~
'
7.1.15 Titrate the sample solution against 1N HCI using phenolphthalein as an
indicator (add HCI from burette).
7.1.16 Repeat the experiment for different flow rates of CO 2and compressed air.
7.1. 17 Repeat the experiment for different flow rates of NaOH solution.
K C Er,gmeers PIil Llm1ted. Ambafa ABSORPTION IN PACKED BED
Page No. 4 of 9 (Rev 1I
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r:ng,noenn, Growth Connec1,on
7.2 CLOSI NG PROCEDURE:
air.
7.2.1 When experiment is over stop the supply of CO 2 and compressed
7.2.2 Switch OFF the main power supply.
7.2.3 Drain the feed tank by open the valve V7.
7.2.4 Drain the reactor by open the valve Ve.
8. OBSERVATION & CALCULATION:
8.1 DATA:
Atmospheric pressure P =1 atm
Diameter of the column de =0.048 m
Height of the column h =0.750 m
Initial concentration of sodium hydroxide Cr =2 mole/L
Normality of HCI used for titration N2 =1 g eq/L
Molecular weight of CO2 MG =44 g/mole
Molecular weight of air MA =29 g/mole
Density of CO2 PG =1.98 kg/m 3
Density of air p A =1.205 kg/m 3
8.2 OBSERVATION TABLE :
QL (LPH) QG (LPM) QA(LPM) V1 (ml) V2 (ml)
S.No.
8.3 CALCULATIONS:
NV
N1 = _ 2_2 (g eq/L)
vi
C0 = N1 (mole/L)
ABSORPTION IN PACKED BED
KC Engineers Pvt L,m,ted Ambala
Page No. 5 of 9 (Rev 1)
m ,,.W?
Engineering Growth Connc,chon
(C -C0 )0 ::::. 0 'ouoi 11 ll.
N = 2' X 3600~L (mole/s)
ab,
_ QG xpG
- ---=--__;__-=-- (mole/s)
~ 31-_ \ ,'19.,
NG
MG x60 ~L\, J,J,o
,_ )( t, 1-u°?--= O· bl3 i,s
_QAxp A (
N A---'-'- --"- mole/s)
MA x60
----:60
-.--'2-"\.,><
0
0 . \ ?--2- 4
YI
NTU = ln -
yz
h ~ l'J • ~
HTU =-- (m)
NTU O, \j 4
8.3 CALCUL ATION TABLE:
QA (LPM) KGa (mole/ m3s NTU HTU
S.No. al (LPH) QG (LPM)
atm) (m)
Plot KGa Vs QL
K C Engineers Pvt L1m1red Ambala ABSORPT ION IN PACKED BED
Page No. 6 of 9 (Rev I)
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[ ,,.,,e, , , 'J q,011th (.,Qnov t rm
9. NOMENCLATURE:
Norn
de
p
Column Hoadmo
Atmospheric prossuro
Diameter of the column
Unit.,
tJ!m
r Type
(11 f(Jn l
- h- rn f:11 t8n
Height of the column m (JI/Y'
c, Inlet concentration of sodium hydroxide mo~ G11eri
QL Volumetric flow rate of sodium hydroxide LPH Mea".iurerj
QG Volumetric flow ra te of CO2 - LPM rAeasurerJ
QA Volumetric flow rate of air LPM Measured
NG
NA
Nabs
Molar flow rate of CO 2
Molar flow rate of air
Rate of absorption of CO2
mole/s
mole/s
mole/s
- Calculated
Calcu ated
Calculated
-
Y1 Inlet mole fraction of CO 2 * Calculated
Y2 Outlet mole fraction of CO2 * Calculated
!!,.YLM Log mean mole fraction of CO2
.. I
Calcu ated
I
V1 Volume of sample sodium hydroxide ml Measured
I
v 2· Volume of HCI used for titration ml Measured
N1 Normality of sodium hydroxide at outlet g eq/L Calculated
N2 Normality of HCI solution g eq/L Given
Co Outlet concentration of sodium hydroxide mole/L Calculated
A Cross sectional area of the column m" Calculated
MG Molecular weight of CO2 g/mole Given '
MA Molecular weight of air g/mole Given
Pi, Density of CO2 kg/mJ Given
PA Density of air kg/mJ Given
KGa Overall mass transfer coefficient mole/m"s atm Calculated
HTU Height of transfer unit m Calculated
NTU Number of transfer unit * Calculated
* Symbols represent unitless quantity.
10. PRECAUTION & MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS:
10.1 Always use distilled water for making feed solution.
K C Engmeers Pvt L1m1/ed. Ambala
ABSORPTION IN PACKED BED
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Engineer ng Growth Conr,ecti<,n
10.2 Clean the packed column by just passing the clean water into the column after
conducting the experiment.
10.3 Drain the column and feed tank of NaOH after completion of experiment.
10.4 Close the CO 2 cylinder after use.
11. TROUBLESHOOTING:
11.1 If any types of suspended particles are come in the rotameter, remove the
rotameter clean the tube and fit it at its place.
11.2 If there is any leakage tight that part or fix it again after wrapping teflon tape.
11.3 If rotameter is fluctuating more than average tight the control knob properly.
12. REFERENCES:
th
12.1 Green, D.W. Perry, R.H. (2008). Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook. 8 Ed.
NY: McGraw-Hill. pp 14.22.
rd
12.2 Treybal, Robert E. (1981). Mass Transfer Operations. 3 Ed. NY: McGraw-Hill.
pp 187-189, 301-304.
K C Engineers Pvt Limited. Ambala ABSORPTION IN PACKED BED
Page No 8 of 9 (Rev. 1)
