DINOSAURS

How2DrawAnimals
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Tools & Materials

Drawing Basics

Gallimimus

Brachiosaurus

Mosasaurus

Iguanodon

Pteranodon

Stegosaurus

Triceratops

Spinosaurus

Velociraptor

Tyrannosaurus rex

About the Author

TOOLS & MATERIALS
Welcome! You don’t need much to start learning how to draw.
Anyone can draw with just a pencil and piece of scrap paper, but if
you want to get more serious about your art, additional artist’s
supplies are available.

PAPER If you choose printer paper, buy a premium paper

that is thick enough and bright. Portable sketch pads keep all
your drawings in one place, which is convenient. For more
detailed art pieces, use a fine art paper.
PENCILS Standard No. 2 pencils and mechanical pencils are
great to start with and inexpensive. Pencils with different
graphite grades can be very helpful when shading because a
specific grade (such as 4H, 2B, or HB) will only get so dark.
PENCIL SHARPENER Electric sharpeners are faster than
manual ones, but they also wear down pencils faster. It’s
most economical to use an automatic one for inexpensive
pencils and a manual sharpener for expensive ones.
ERASERS Some erasers can smear, bend, and even tear your
paper, so get a good one that erases cleanly without
smudges. Kneaded erasers are pliable and can be molded for
precise erasing. They leave no residue, and they last a long
time.
PENS If you want to outline a drawing after sketching it, you
can use a regular Sharpie® pen or marker. For more intricate
pieces, try Micron® pens, which come in a variety of tip
thicknesses.
DRAWING BASICS
How to Draw Shapes
For the first steps of each project in this book, you will be drawing
basic shapes as guide lines. Use light, smooth strokes and don’t
press down too hard with your pencil. If you sketch lightly at first,
it will be easier to erase if you make a mistake.

You’ll be drawing a lot of circles, which many beginning artists

find difficult to create. These circles do not have to be perfect
because they are just guides, but if you want to practice making
better circles, try the four-marks method, as shown below.

Mark where you want the top of the circle and, directly
below, make another mark for the bottom. Do the same for
the sides of the circle. If it helps, lightly draw a dotted line to
help you place the other mark.
Once you have the four marks spaced apart equally, connect
them using curved lines.

Erase any dotted lines you created, and you have a circle!
ADDITIONAL SHAPES While circles are usually what
people find the most challenging, there are many other
lines and shapes that you should practice and master. An
arc can become a muzzle or tongue. Triangles can be
ears, teeth, or claws. A football shape can become an
eye. A curvy line can make a tail and an angled line a leg.
Study the animal and note the shapes that stand out to
you.
How to Shade
The final step to drawing an animal is to add shading so that it
looks three-dimensional, and then adding texture so that it looks
furry, feathery, smooth, or scaly. To introduce yourself to shading,
follow the steps below.

Understand your pencil with a value scale. Using any pencil,

start to shade lightly on one side and gradually darken your
strokes toward the other side. This value scale will show you
how light and dark your pencil can be.
Apply the value scale to simple shapes. Draw simple shapes
and shade them to make them look three-dimensional.
Observe shadows in real life. Study how the light interacts
with simple objects and creates shadows. Then try drawing
what you see.
Practice with more complex objects. Once you’re
comfortable shading simple objects, move on to more
complex ones. Note, for example, how a horse’s leg is made
up of cylinders and spheres. Breaking down your subject into
simple shapes makes it easier to visualize the shadows.
How to Add Texture
Take what you’ve learned about shading one step further by adding
texture to your drawings.

FURRY

One quick pencil stroke creates a single hair. Keep adding

more quick, short strokes and you’ll get a furry texture.
Separate each individual stroke a bit so that the white of the
paper comes through.

Create stripes and patterns by varying the pressure on your

pencil to get different degrees of tonal value.
Make sure that your strokes follow the forms of the animal.
As you shade a furry animal, use strokes that go in the
general direction of the fur growth. The fur here follows the
form of a simple sphere.
This is how to add fur to a complex form, which is easier if
you know the animal’s anatomy. In order to show the muscle
structure, this image shows an exaggerated example of a
lion’s front leg and paw.
SMOOTH

For very short fur or smooth skin, add graphite evenly. Blend
with a cotton swab, blending stump, or piece of tissue if
needed.

SCALY

For scaly animals like reptiles or dragons, create each

individual scale with a tiny arc. Then add shadows to make
the form look three-dimensional.
For a much easier way to get a scaly look, just add a bunch
of squiggles! Make the squiggles darker in areas of pattern,
as well as when adding shadows.

FEATHERED When adding texture to feathered animals,

approach it as you would with fur or with smooth skin.
Use a series of short strokes for fine or fluffy feathers. For
smooth feathers, use even, blended value.
GALLIMIMUS

Lightly sketch two circles on your page and add an arc on

the side of the larger circle. These guides will help you create
the head and body, so pay attention to the size and
placement of each shape.

Draw wavy lines as guides for the neck and tail. On the right
side of the head circle, draw two arcs for the mouth.
Add guides for the legs, angling the lines to indicate joints
and how the legs will bend. Add another line as a guide for
the front limbs.
Sketch a small oval for the eye and add a dark pupil and a
smaller white circle for a highlight. Draw a small, curved line
above and below the eye. Then add the top part of the
muzzle and several lines for the nostril.
Finish the mouth, which should end just below the eye. Draw
a short line in the corner of the mouth for the skin that
connects the jaws. Finish the head and neck, including the
bump over the eye, and add some extra lines for detail in the
face.
Draw the first hind leg and front limb. There are a lot of
details in the muscles, the creases and texture on the skin,
and in the feet, toes, and claws, so pay close attention to this
reference image.
Now draw the visible portions of limbs on the other side of
the body. This hind leg is lifted off the ground and stepping
forward.
Using the initial lines as guides, complete the body.
For a cleaner look, erase as much as you can of the initial
guide lines. Don’t worry about erasing all of the guides. It’s
okay to leave some behind. Re-draw any final sketch lines
you may have accidentally erased.
Add some shading to your drawing, including a cast shadow
underneath, which helps to ground the dinosaur so it doesn’t
appear to be floating. Roughly shade to get the skin texture,
separating your pencil strokes a bit so that the white of the
paper comes through. To re-create this pattern, make a series
of triangular shapes across the top of the body using a dark
value to create stripes. You could create a different pattern if
you’d like, or add feathers, as it is believed Gallimimus most
likely had feathers!
DIMENSION & VOLUME To make a two-dimensional
drawing look three-dimensional, decide where the light
source should be and create shadows where they would
appear in real life. To get light and dark values, vary the
pressure on your pencil. Be sure to shade lightly at first,
and then gradually build up to the level of darkness that
you like. Don’t push down too hard on your pencil though
or the graphite may become shiny, and you may tear your
paper. Adding accurate shadows to drawings takes time
and practice to do well, so for now, observe your
references (in this case, the final step) and copy what you
see, taking note where the shadows are.
BRACHIOSAURUS

Lightly sketch three circles as guides for the body and head.
The circles themselves don’t have to be perfect, but make
sure the sizes and placement is about right. The higher up
the small head circle is, the longer the neck will be.
Connect the body circles, and add four leg guides, a long tail,
and a long neck. Finish your guide lines with a tiny U-shaped
arc on the head for the muzzle.
Draw the eye and a few lines around it for detail. If the head
is too small to add detail, just draw a dot in the eye’s place.
Draw the muzzle using the initial arc as a guide and add a
wavy line for the mouth.
Complete the head. Add a bump on top for the bony
protrusion, a few lines for the wrinkles and folds of skin, and
the nostril and jaw.
Draw the first two legs. Sketch the shape of each leg as you
follow the path of the guide line. Add a few small lines at the
bottom for the toes and some at the top for the folds of skin.
Draw the legs on the other side of the body using the first
two as guides.
Make the shape of the neck by using two parallel lines around
the neck guide line.
Use the remaining lines as guides to draw the rest of the
body and tail. This dinosaur had a muscular tail, so make the
base thicker as you darken the lines.
For a cleaner look, erase as much as you can of the initial
guides. Don’t worry about erasing all of the guides. It’s okay
to leave some behind. Re-draw any final sketch lines that you
may have accidentally erased.
Add some shading to your drawing to give the dinosaur more
dimension and volume. Include the shadow on the ground
that the Brachiosaurus casts. Don’t worry too much about
adding the value smoothly. This dinosaur may have had
rough skin. Nobody knows for sure exactly what dinosaurs
looked like, so you can shade yours any way you’d like.
MOSASAURUS
1

The Mosasaurus is an extinct reptile that’s not actually a

dinosaur! But it did live with the dinosaurs in the Late Cretaceous
period. Start by lightly sketching three circles on your paper. Pay
close attention to their sizes and the space in between them.

Draw two arcs on the left for the mouth. Then connect the head
and body circles.

With arcs, add four flippers below the two body circles. Then
complete your basic shapes with two curved lines that make up
the tail.

GUIDE LINES Remember to sketch in guide lines lightly, and don’t worry
if your circles aren’t perfect. You will erase guide lines later on, so instead
of worrying about making a perfect circle, focus more on its size and
placement in relation to the rest of the shapes.

Now start adding the details. First draw the eye and some lines
around it for detail. Then add the head using a bumpy line to give
the skin some texture. Draw a series of V shapes for the row of
teeth.

Draw the bottom jaw and some teeth. Keep some space in
between each tooth.
 6

Finish the other side of the bottom jaw and include some
additional lines in the corner of the mouth. Add more lines within
the head to give the skin more texture, but don’t overdo it or it
might start to look like fur.

Draw jagged spikes across the top part of the body and tail, but
some of the tail should be smooth. Then darken the bottom guide
to create the underside of the body.

Use the U-shaped lines below the body as guides to draw the
flippers, making them wavier. Add a few curved lines above the
base of the flippers for the folds of skin. Finally, darken the
bottom part of the body and tail.

Erase any guide lines and re-draw any lines you’d like to fix.

10

For this look, use a medium value all over the body and don’t
worry about shading too smoothly. The rough value gives the
skin a gritty texture. Wherever there are detail lines, like around
the eyes, use a darker value. Use a slightly lighter value above the
brow and on top of the body to create highlights. Add a few more
triangle-like shapes on top of the body for more spikes. Use a
darker value on the underside of the body for shadow, which
gives it more dimension and volume.
IGUANODON

Lightly sketch three circles as a guide for the body and head.
Don’t place the circles too far apart, otherwise your
Iguanodon will be too long.

To the right of the head circle, draw an arc as a guide for the
muzzle. Then connect the head and body circles, and add a
line for the tail.

3
Finish up your guide lines with four angled lines under the
body. Note how each line bends to indicate where the joints
will be.

4
Begin by drawing the eye and the thick brow above it. Then
complete the nose and mouth area.
 5
Complete the head shape. Use short, curved lines for the
bumpy texture of the skin at the top of the head and add
small lines within the head to give it more structure and
detail.

6
Draw the first two limbs by following the path of the guide
lines. The hind leg should be wide at the top and thinner at
the bottom. Use curved lines to emphasize the muscles and
bend the shapes to create the joints.

7
Using the first two limbs as a guide, draw the remaining limbs
that are on the other side of the body. Make sure to add the
prominent thumb spike, which is a distinctive feature of this
dinosaur.

8
Darken the outer edges of the initial guides to create the
shape of the Iguanodon’s body. Use wavy or bumpy lines for
a more organic feel. Draw in the bottom of the tail, and don’t
overlap the limbs that are on this side of the body.

9
Tidy up your sketch to get it ready for shading.
 10
After adding shadows on the body and a cast shadow
underneath, use a medium value all over. Use a dark value for
the beak-like mouth and the nails. Leave a section of white
on these parts for shine. With a dark value, draw a series of
pointy shapes on the body for a striped pattern on the skin.
Add a few random scribbles across the body to give the skin
a rougher texture.
PTERANODON

Like the Mosasaurus (see here), the Pteranodon was not a

dinosaur. It was a flying reptile that lived with the dinosaurs
during the Late Cretaceous period. Lightly draw some basic
shapes to start.

Add three triangles to the head circle. Connect the head to

the body and add two leg guides.
With a few curved lines, add guides for the Pteranodon’s
wings.

Draw the eye with a few lines around it for detail.

More curved lines around the eye represent the structure of
the skull. Draw the nostril on the left side.

Darken the triangle on top of the head for the crest. Then
draw the top part of the mouth and show some of the brow
ridge on the other side of the head. Make this shape thinner
than the guide and extend it into the head.
Draw the lower jaw, adding a few more lines within the shape
of the jaw for the inside of the mouth and the tongue. With
wavy lines, draw the neck using the initial lines as guides.

To draw the first wing, first make the arm portion thicker.
Draw the clawed fingers using small, curved lines. The tip of
the wing is actually the fourth finger, which comes to a point
at the tip. The bottom of the wing is one line that curves
inward a bit. Finally, add a line above the shoulder.
Draw the other wing, which includes the small clawed fingers
and long pinky finger, as well as the one line that makes up
the back part of the wing.

Draw the rest of the body, including the legs and clawed feet.
Add some lines within the shape of the body to emphasize
the structure of the chest.
Erase as much as you can of the initial guide lines and re-
draw any final sketch lines you may have accidentally erased.

Add some shading to your Pteranodon to give it more

dimension and volume. Just like with dinosaurs, nobody
knows for sure exactly what pterosaurs looked like, so you
can shade yours any way you’d like. For a spotted pattern like
this one, simply use a darker value on certain sections of the
body. For a simpler drawing, just add a single value to the
entire body. Don’t worry about shading too smoothly. The
rough value gives the skin texture.
SCIENTIFIC CLUES With extinct animals, scientists
sometimes have an idea as to what they looked like on
the outside based on evidence found in their fossilized
remains. Some fossils are so complete that there is still
some preserved skin, muscle, and organs, not only
skeletons. Because we’re discovering more all the time,
we might learn that an animal is different from what we
thought! While we may picture a certain dinosaur having
green, scaly skin, it actually may have had feathers,
patterns, or bright colors. This makes dinosaurs and other
extinct animals really fun to draw, because you can
imagine what you think they looked like.
STEGOSAURUS

Draw three circles as guides for the head and body. The head
circle should be small—the Stegosaurus had one of the
smallest brains of all the dinosaurs!

Connect the head and body shapes, and add an arc for the
muzzle and a tail with two lines that come to a point.
Finish your initial sketch with four lines (two below each
body circle) as guides for the legs. Bend the lines to indicate
where the leg joints and feet will be.

Draw the eye and add some lines surrounding the eye for
extra detail. Then draw the top part of the muzzle, including
the nostril. The tip of the beak-like mouth comes to a point.
Finish the head by adding the lower jaw, the top of the head,
and some lines in the head for extra detail.

Draw the first two legs around the leg guides. Note how the
hind leg is much larger. Draw the visible toes at the bottom
and add a few lines at the top of the legs indicate folds of
skin.
Now use the other lines as guides to draw what’s visible of
the remaining legs.

Draw the first row of plates on your Stegosaurus. Each plate

is shaped like a pentagon. The plate directly above the hind
leg is the biggest, and they get smaller as they get closer to
the head and tail. On the tail, draw two defensive spikes,
which are called thagomizers.
Before completing the spikes, form the rest of the body with
a bumpy, wavy line to make it look more organic.

Draw the second row of plates. Follow the same basic size as
the first row of plates but only draw the visible portion. You
should end up with a total of seventeen plates. Finally, draw
the other two defensive spikes on the tail, which are long and
narrow with a slight curve.
Erase initial guide lines and re-draw any lines you’d like to fix.

Add some shading and a cast shadow underneath. Shadows

on and below the dinosaur helps it look three-dimensional.
When it comes to the pattern and texture, it’s up to you! To
follow this drawing, draw a few stripes along the back and
random squiggly lines all over for rough, scaly skin.
TRICERATOPS
1

Lightly sketch three circles on your page. Note their sizes and
placement in relation to each other.

Draw an arc to the right of the head as a guide for the muzzle,
another wide, curved line on top of the head for the frill, and four
angled lines (two below each body circle) for the legs.

Add a line for the horns. Connect the major shapes to form the
body and add two lines that come to a point on the left side as a
guide for the tail.

Draw the small eye. If you drew the initial lines large enough,
add more details, including the dark pupil, tiny circle to represent
a highlight, and few lines around the eye. Then draw the
triangular horn, beak-like mouth, chin, and nostril.

Draw the two long horns above the eye, curving them a bit for an
organic feel. Using the arc on top of the head, draw the frill with
tiny triangle shapes along the guide line. Extend the frill
downward and add another horn-like protrusion on the lower, left
side.

6
 Using the lines below the body as guides, draw the first two legs.
Note the size of the hind leg compared to the front and where the
legs bend for the joints. Draw a few curved lines at the top of the
limbs to indicate the creases on the skin and add the toes.

Now draw the legs on the other side of the body. Don’t forget the
toes!

Complete the body, adding a few bumps for a rougher look as

you darken the guide lines.

For a cleaner look, erase as much as you can of the initial guide
lines. Then re-draw any final sketch lines that you may have
accidentally erased.

CAST SHADOWS If your dinosaur isn’t flying or swimming in your

drawing, add a cast shadow underneath it. This will help ground the animal
so it doesn’t appear to be floating in space. Use a darker value near the
middle of the shadow and a lighter value along the edge.

10

Pick the direction of the light source and add shadows to your
Triceratops, including behind the frill, on the underside of the
body, and on the ground underneath it. Then add the pattern and
skin texture. For this look, add a solid value first. Then draw
random squiggly lines all over that resemble spots.
SPINOSAURUS

Start with three circles.

Draw two triangle-like arcs on the right side of the head as

guides for the open mouth. Connect the major shapes to
form the body and create the tail with two long, curved lines
that come to a point on the left side.
Draw guides for the arms and legs, bending the lines to
indicate where the joints will be. Then make a wide arc on
top of the body as a guide for this dinosaur’s distinctive sail.

Draw the eye and add an arc above it for the brow and
another arc to the right of it.
Use the top arc to draw the upper jaw, making the shape
bumpier as you darken the line and stretch it to the left and
inside the circle. Spinosaurus was mainly a fish-eater and had
a crocodilian skull, so space the teeth apart and make them
different sizes. Then finish the top of the head.

Add the lower jaw and the teeth. Draw a few lines to show
the tongue and the tissue that connects the jaws.
Use the wide arc at the top to draw the jagged edge of the
sail. Lightly sketch a few lines within the sail to give the
shape more structure. Then add the first leg and arm. Use
curved lines to indicate the muscles in the limbs, and add the
digits and claws at the end.

Use the remaining lines as a guide to draw the rest of the

dinosaur’s body and tail. Then complete the arm and leg on
the other side of the body. Don’t forget to add the digits and
claws.
Either leave your drawing as it is for a fun sketch or clean it
up to get it ready for shading.
Shade your Spinosaurus drawing to give it more dimension
and volume. Also add a cast shadow underneath so it won’t
look like it’s floating in the air. Because nobody is exactly
sure what these dinosaurs looked like, you can add stripes or
spots or anything you’d like. Add an even value throughout
the body for a solid pattern or add different values all over.
Draw extra dots and random squiggly lines all over for a
rougher and grittier texture like crocodile skin.
VELOCIRAPTOR

Start by sketching three circles.

On the right side of the head, draw an arc as a guide for the
top part of the muzzle. Then connect the head and body
circles with slightly curved lines.
Add another arc to the head for the lower jaw, angled lines
for the hind legs, and, below the middle circle, a shorter
angled line as a guide for the wing. Draw an extra line for the
digit. Finally, draw the guide for the tail as a long, horizontal
line that curves up.

Draw the eye with some quick, short strokes around it for
detail, including the brow above. Then create the top part of
the open mouth with a row of teeth. Add the nostril too.
Add the lower jaw, including the tongue and small teeth.

Complete the head and face with short strokes to represent

feathers.
Draw the wing using a series of thin, curved shapes for the
feathers. Add the small digit around the short guide line and
include a sharp, curved spike for the claw.
Create the first leg, which is wide at the top and narrow at
the bottom. Use short strokes for the feathery texture on top
and smooth lines for the featherless lower half (like what we
see on modern-day raptors). At the bottom, draw the toes
and pointy claws. One toe should be bigger with a large claw.
Draw the other leg the same way, and also draw the visible
part of the other wing. Don’t forget to include the digit and
claw. Inside the first wing, draw a few curved lines for more
feather detail.
Darken the outer edges of the body guides. On the bottom
of the tail guide, draw a series of thin, long, pointy shapes for
the long feathers. Change the orientation of the feathers
along the way so that they are diagonal and become smaller
short strokes at the base.
Clean up your drawing, and you have a nice sketch! Move on
to the next step if you’d like to add shading.
Add some shading to your Velociraptor! For this look, add a
speckled pattern by alternating between dark and light
sections. Use a medium value for the legs and underside of
the body. You can use modern-day birds of prey as reference
when you shade for inspiration. Use a dark value for the
claws but leave a thin section white for shine. Don’t forget to
add a cast shadow underneath!

EYES Many dinosaurs had small heads compared to their

bodies, so your eyes might end up too small to add a lot
of detail. If you draw the head large enough for detailed
eyes, make sure to include a tiny circle off to the side for
a highlight. In the middle of the eye, draw a slightly
bigger circle for the pupil and shade it with a dark value.
When shading the rest of the eye, don’t overlap the small
highlight circle. Use a dark value at the top and gradually
lighten the value toward the bottom to give the eye a
rounder look.
TYRANNOSAURUS REX

Start with some basic shapes as a guide for the head and
body. This T. rex is viewed at a three-quarter perspective, so
the basic guide lines will be a little more complicated.

Add some more shapes, which will help you draw the large
hind legs later on.
Finish up your guides with two angled lines for the small
arms and a large triangle shape for the tail. Before moving to
the next step, take a look at your guide lines and make any
necessary changes to them now.

Draw the first eye and brow ridge in this step. There are a lot
of bumps on the brow and lines around the eye.
With a wavy line under the half-circle shape, draw the top of
the mouth. Then add a series of V shapes for the teeth. On
the left side, draw a curved line for the other side of the
mouth and add teeth under it too.

Draw bottom jaw and the teeth near the front.

Add the tongue and a curved line for the skin that connects
the jaws. Then complete the head with bumpy lines. Add a
few more squiggly lines near the eye for detail and a small
oval-like shape for the nostril.
Create the neck, adding a few lines for extra detail like veins.
Then draw the small arms using a series of curved lines for
the muscle structure. Separate the backward-pointing
fingers, and draw pointy tips on the right sides for the claws.
Darken the outer edges of the leg shapes, but use bumpier
lines for texture. Add some extra detail to the leg on the
right. For the feet, use a series of short, curved lines to create
the individual toes and add a claw to each toe.
Use bumpy lines to create the body, making sure not to
overlap the leg or arm on the right. Then follow the tail guide
but make the shape wavier as you darken the lines.

Erase guide lines and tidy up your drawing so you can add
shading, or leave it as is for a nice sketch.
Add shadows to your Tyrannosaurus rex to give it more
dimension and volume, and don’t forget the cast shadow
underneath. For a rough, scaly texture, draw random tiny,
squiggly lines throughout the body. Use a lighter value on the
neck veins to make them stand out and on the claws for
shine. Add the value lightly at first, and then gradually build
up to the level of darkness that you want. Note how dark
some areas are, including the nostril, inside of the mouth,
above the eye, and claws, while the teeth, eyeball, lips, and
claw shine are very light.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
How2DrawAnimals.com teaches beginning artists how to draw all kinds of
animals from A to Z through video demonstrations and simple step-by-step
instructions. Started in 2012 by an animal-loving artist with a bachelor’s
degree in illustration, How2DrawAnimals offers a new tutorial each week
and now boasts hundreds of animal drawing tutorials. Working in graphite
and in colored pencils, and in both realistic and cartoon styles,
How2DrawAnimals has featured animals from all letters of the alphabet,
from Aardvark to Zebra and everything in between. See more at
How2DrawAnimals.com.

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credits accurately comply with information supplied. We apologize for any
inaccuracies that may have occurred and will resolve inaccurate or missing
information in a subsequent reprinting of the book.

Walter Foster Jr. titles are also available at discount for retail, wholesale,
promotional, and bulk purchase. For details, contact the Special Sales
Manager by email at [email protected] or by mail at The Quarto
Group, Attn: Special Sales Manager, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 265D,
Beverly, MA 01915, USA.

ISBN: 978-0-7603-8082-6

Digital edition published in 2022

eISBN: 978-0-7603-8083-3
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