Chapter 1:

Data Data is a relative entity or object. Ex-name, age, class..

Database A collection of information that exists over a long period of time.
DBMS DBMS is a software package/system to facilitate the creation and maintenance of a
computerized database.
Database In other words, DBMS are also being called Database System, which is a software
System package to handle and store a collection of digital information, which is able to
modify and maintain.
Database A system catalog is a group of tables and views that incorporate vital details
Catalog regarding a database.
Program data Data independence is the ability to modify the scheme without affecting the
independence programs and the application to be rewritten.
User view A view of part or all of the contents of a database specified to facilitate a particular
purpose or user activity.
DBA A database administrator is the information technician who directs and performs all
activities related to maintaining a successful database environment.
End user End users are basically those people whose jobs require access to the database for
querying, updating, and generating reports.
Canned Canned transactions are standard types of queries and updates which frequently
transaction used by Naive or parametric end users to constantly querying and updating
database.
Deductive A deductive database is a database system that can make deductions (i.e. conclude
database additional facts) based on rules and facts stored in the (deductive) database.
systems
Persistent Object persistence denotes the lifetime of an object. If an object has to exist beyond
object the lifetime of its parent process, object-oriented persistence must be implemented
in data storage systems like databases.
Meta-data Metadata is defined as the data providing information about one or more aspects of
the data; it is used to summarize basic information about data that can make
tracking and working with specific data easier.
Transaction- Transaction processing ensures that related data is added to or deleted from the
processing database simultaneously, thus preserving data integrity in your application.
application

Chapter 2

Data Model a collection of concepts for describing data, including 3 parts: Structure of the data,
Operations on the data, Constraints on the data.
Data Schema A database schema defines how data is organized within a relational database; this
is inclusive of logical constraints such as, table names, fields, data types, and the
relationships between these entities.
Database Database state, in database technology the set of stored data. Entering, modifying,
State or deleting information changes the database state. *Actual data stored in a
particular moment in time.
Internal The internal schema defines the physical storage structure of the database. The
 Schema internal schema is a very low-level representation of the entire database. It contains
multiple occurrences of multiple types of internal record. In the ANSI term, it is also
called “stored record'.
Conceptual A conceptual schema is a high-level description of informational needs underlying
Schema the design of a database. It typically includes only the main concepts and the main
relationships among them. Typically this is a first-cut model, with insufficient detail
to build an actual database
External An external schema describes the part of the database which specific user is
schema interested in. It hides the unrelated details of the database from the user.
Data Data independence is the type of data transparency that matters for a centralized
independence DBMS. It refers to the immunity of user applications to changes made in the
definition and organization of data.
DLL A DLL is a library that contains code and data that can be used by more than one
program at the same time.
DML Data Manipulation Language or DML is a subset of operations used to insert, delete,
and update data in a database.
SDL SDL stands for Storage Definition Language. SDL matter is almost anything that's not
specified by SQL standard. It is different in every DBMS which specifies anything to
do with how or where data in relevant table is stored.
VDL VDL(View Definition Language): Represents user views and their mapping to the
conceptual schema.
Query A query language is a specialized programming language for searching and changing
language the contents of a database.
Host language The language that is used for database application programming is the host
language for the DBMS.
Data A data Sublanguage is a computer language used to define or manipulate the
sublanguage structure of a relational database management system (DBMS) e.g QBE, SQL.
Database The database utility is the interface between the ABAP Dictionary and the relational
utility database underlying the SAP system.
Catalog Catalogs are named collections of schemas in an SQL-environment. An SQL-
environment contains zero or more catalogs.
Client-server Client/server architecture is a computing model in which the server hosts
architecture (computer), send and manages most of the resources and works to be required by
the client.

Chapter 3

Attribute An attribute refers to a database component, such as a table. It also may refer to a
database field. Attributes describe the instances in the column of a database.
Table Tables are database objects that contain all the data in a database. In tables, data is
logically organized in a row-and-column format similar to a spreadsheet.
Tuple A Tuple in DBMS is just a row that contains inter-related data about a particular
entity. Tuple is also called "record" in DBMS.
Relation A relational schema is an outline that shows how companies store and organize
Schema information within a database. It also shows what connections make up the
database.
Degree A degree of relationship represents the number of entity types that associate in a
 relationship.
Cardinality Cardinality represents the number of times an entity of an entity set participates in a
relationship set.
Column A column is a set of data values of a particular type, one value for each row of the
database.
Relation The relation instance is a table, An instance of a relation is a set of tuples, also called
instance records, in which each tuple has the same number of fields as the relation schema. A
relation instance can be thought of as a table in which each tuple is a row, and all
rows have the same number of fields.
Relation key A key in DBMS is an attribute or a set of attributes that help to uniquely identify a
tuple (or row) in a relation (or table). Keys are also used to establish relationships
between the different tables and columns of a relational database.
Attribute Attribute domains are rules that describe the available values of a field type. They
domain are used to constrain the values allowed in any particular attribute for a table or
feature class.