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Networking_Notes

The document provides an overview of computer networking, including definitions, types, devices, topologies, protocols, IP addressing, subnetting, wireless networking, network security, cloud networking, and troubleshooting methods. It emphasizes the importance of networking in facilitating communication and resource sharing in modern technology. Understanding these concepts is essential for IT professionals.

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15 views

Networking_Notes

The document provides an overview of computer networking, including definitions, types, devices, topologies, protocols, IP addressing, subnetting, wireless networking, network security, cloud networking, and troubleshooting methods. It emphasizes the importance of networking in facilitating communication and resource sharing in modern technology. Understanding these concepts is essential for IT professionals.

Uploaded by

Desolated guy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Networking Notes

1. Introduction to Computer Networking


- Definition: The practice of connecting computers and devices to share resources and
information.
- Types: LAN (Local Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network), MAN (Metropolitan Area
Network), PAN (Personal Area Network).
- Importance: Enables communication, data sharing, and resource utilization.

2. Networking Devices
- Router: Directs data packets between networks.
- Switch: Connects multiple devices within a network.
- Hub: Basic device that connects multiple computers in a network.
- Modem: Converts digital signals to analog for internet access.
- Firewall: Security device that monitors and controls network traffic.

3. Network Topologies
- Bus: All devices share a single communication line.
- Star: All devices are connected to a central hub or switch.
- Ring: Each device is connected to two other devices in a circular manner.
- Mesh: Every device is connected to every other device.
- Hybrid: Combination of two or more topologies.

4. Networking Protocols
- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): Standard for communication over the
internet.
- HTTP/HTTPS: Protocols for web communication.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files.
- DNS (Domain Name System): Resolves domain names to IP addresses.
- DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Assigns IP addresses dynamically.

5. IP Addressing
- IPv4: 32-bit address format (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
- IPv6: 128-bit address format (e.g., 2001:db8::ff00:42:8329).
- Public vs Private IP Addresses.
- Static vs Dynamic IP Addresses.
6. Subnetting
- Dividing a network into smaller subnetworks.
- Subnet Mask: Defines the network and host portions of an IP address.
- CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing): Allows flexible subnetting.

7. Wireless Networking
- Wi-Fi: Wireless communication standard (802.11).
- Bluetooth: Short-range wireless communication.
- Mobile Networks: 3G, 4G, 5G technologies.
- Security: WPA2, WPA3 encryption for wireless security.

8. Network Security
- Firewalls: Blocks unauthorized access.
- VPN (Virtual Private Network): Secures internet connections.
- Encryption: Protects data transmission.
- Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS).

9. Cloud Networking
- Cloud Service Models: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS.
- Benefits: Scalability, flexibility, cost-efficiency.
- Challenges: Security, compliance, latency.

10. Troubleshooting Network Issues


- Ping: Tests connectivity between devices.
- Traceroute: Traces the path of a packet.
- Netstat: Displays network connections.
- Wireshark: Network packet analysis tool.

Conclusion
Networking is a crucial part of modern technology, enabling seamless communication and data
exchange. Understanding networking concepts, protocols, and security measures is essential for IT
professionals.

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