Alphonse Daudet’s writing style in The Last Lesson is simple, evocative, and deeply

emotional. He uses descriptive storytelling and realistic narration to highlight themes of

patriotism, loss, and the importance of language.
Realistic and Simple Language – Daudet avoids complex vocabulary and writes in a
straightforward manner, making the story accessible to readers of all levels.
Emotional and Sentimental Tone – The story is filled with nostalgia, regret, and deep
emotions, especially in the portrayal of M. Hamel and the students realizing the loss of their
language.
Descriptive Imagery – Daudet uses vivid descriptions to paint the setting, such as the quiet
schoolroom, the sorrowful expression of M. Hamel, and the contrast between usual classroom
noise and the solemnity of the lesson.
Character-Driven Narrative – The story is told through the perspective of Franz, a young boy,
whose internal thoughts and emotions guide the reader through the lesson’s significance.
Symbolism and Allegory – The loss of the French language symbolizes the loss of national
identity and culture, making the story a powerful political and social commentary.
Blend of Personal and Historical Context – Daudet integrates historical events (the Franco-
Prussian War) into a deeply personal story, making history feel immediate and impactful.
His style ensures that the story remains touching, thought-provoking, and relevant, making The
Last Lesson a timeless literary piece.
Anees Jung's writing style in Lost Spring: Stories of Stolen Childhood is evocative,
journalistic, and deeply empathetic. She blends storytelling with social commentary, shedding
light on the harsh realities of child labor and poverty in India.
Narrative Journalism
Jung adopts a semi-fictional narrative style, weaving real-life stories with factual observations.
She interviews and interacts with children like Saheb and Mukesh, bringing their struggles to life
through vivid personal accounts.
Descriptive and Sensory Details
Her writing is rich in imagery and sensory details, making the reader visualize the bleak
environments of the slums and factories. For example, she describes the dusty lanes of Firozabad
and the rag-picking fields where children toil daily.
Empathetic and Poignant Tone
The tone of Lost Spring is both compassionate and melancholic. Jung does not just report facts;
she conveys deep empathy for the children whose dreams are crushed by poverty and societal
neglect.
Symbolism and Metaphors She frequently uses symbolism to highlight broader social issues.
For instance, "spring" in the title symbolizes childhood, which is "lost" due to exploitation. The
glass bangles of Firozabad symbolize both beauty and entrapment, as they are a source of
livelihood but also a lifelong burden.
Social Critique Jung subtly critiques the socio-economic structures that perpetuate child labor
and poverty. She highlights the helplessness of poor families caught in cycles of debt and
exploitation, emphasizing the failure of government policies to uplift them.
Simple yet Impactful Language
Her language is straightforward but emotionally powerful. She avoids complex jargon, making
her work accessible to a wide audience while ensuring the gravity of the subject matter is felt.
Deep Water, William Douglas employs a clear, descriptive, and introspective writing style to
narrate his near-drowning experience and his eventual triumph over fear.
Vivid Descriptions Douglas uses sensory details to immerse readers in his harrowing
experience. He describes the physical sensations of drowning—"My lungs were ready to burst.
But I remembered the strategy—I would spring from the bottom of the pool and come like a cork
to the surface." This style helps the reader feel his panic and desperation.
First-Person NarrativeThe story is written from a first-person perspective, making it personal
and emotionally engaging. His thoughts, fears, and attempts to save himself are presented as if
they are happening in real-time, adding to the intensity.
Simple and Direct Languag Douglas maintains a straightforward and accessible style, avoiding
overly complex words. His language is simple but effective, making the story relatable to readers
of all levels.
Psychological Insight He delves into the psychological impact of fear, portraying how trauma
can take deep root in the mind. Phrases like “The terror that had seized me in the pool would not
go. It haunted me for years” reflect his introspective writing style.
Use of ContrastDouglas contrasts fear and courage, failure and victory. Initially, he describes
his helplessness and terror, but later, he shows his determination and final success in overcoming
hydrophobia. This contrast highlights his journey of transformation.
Symbolic and Motivational ToneBeyond being a personal account, Deep Water carries a
deeper symbolic meaning—fear can be conquered through persistence. His style is both narrative
and inspirational, making the story more than just an anecdote.
Selma Lagerlöf’s writing style in The Rattrap is deeply narrative, descriptive, and symbolic.
As a skilled storyteller, she blends realism with moral allegory, creating a simple yet profound
tale that resonates with readers. 1. Narrative and Descriptive StyleLagerlöf’s writing is rich in
vivid descriptions that bring settings and characters to life. She paints detailed images of the
gloomy forests, the lonely ironmaster’s house, and the hardships of the peddler’s life. This helps
create an immersive atmosphere, making the reader feel the bleakness and struggle of the
protagonist.2. Use of Symbolism and MetaphorThe central metaphor of the story is the rattrap
itself, which symbolizes life’s temptations and the human tendency to fall into them. The peddler
sees the world as a trap, where riches and comforts act as bait. However, by the end, he
experiences kindness and redemption, showing Lagerlöf’s theme of human transformation.
3. Moral and Philosophical UndertonesLagerlöf subtly incorporates moral lessons without
sounding preachy. The story emphasizes themes of compassion, kindness, and the ability of
human goodness to bring about change. The contrast between the ironmaster and his daughter
Edla highlights the power of true generosity and understanding.
4. Simple yet Powerful LanguageHer language is accessible, yet every word carries weight.
She does not use overly complex or ornamental sentences but instead focuses on clarity and
emotional depth. This simplicity makes her work universally relatable.
5. Character-Driven StorytellingLagerlöf ensures that her characters are not one-dimensional.
The peddler is not just a poor thief; he is a man shaped by circumstances, capable of
transformation. Edla’s kindness is not exaggerated but genuine, making her a pivotal character in
his redemption.
Indigo, Louis Fischer employs a simple, clear, and journalistic style to narrate Mahatma
Gandhi's involvement in the Champaran movement. His writing is direct and factual, yet
engaging, making it accessible to readers of all levels.
 Narrative and Biographical Approach
o Fischer writes in a biographical style, blending historical facts with personal
observations. He presents Gandhi’s leadership in Champaran as a turning point in
India’s struggle for independence.
o He uses chronological storytelling, which helps in maintaining clarity and
coherence.
Lucid and Simple Language
o The language is straightforward and unembellished, making complex historical
events easy to understand.
o His sentences are short and crisp, ensuring readability.
Objective Yet Sympathetic Tone
o Fischer maintains an objective tone, reporting facts as they happened.
o However, his admiration for Gandhi’s principles and non-violent resistance is
evident, giving the narrative a sympathetic undertone.
Descriptive and Engaging StyleWhile primarily factual, Fischer includes vivid descriptions
of the people and places involved, making the story engaging.He captures Gandhi’s humility,
patience, and determination, allowing readers to connect with him on a deeper level.
Focus on Ideals and PhilosophyThe chapter does not just recount an event; it highlights
Gandhi’s moral and ethical beliefs.Fischer subtly emphasizes the power of truth (Satyagraha)
and non-violence, making his work both a historical account and a philosophical reflection.
Going Places, A.R. Barton adopts a realistic and descriptive writing style that captures the
aspirations and fantasies of the protagonist, Sophie, a young girl from a lower-middle-class
background
Simple and Direct Language – Barton uses straightforward language, making the story
accessible and relatable for readers. His sentences are not overly complex, allowing the emotions
and thoughts of the characters to be conveyed clearly.
Third Person Limited Narration – The story is told from Sophie’s perspective, allowing the
reader to delve into her dreams and illusions while also contrasting them with the harsh realities
of her life.
Imagery and Symbolism – The author effectively uses imagery to depict Sophie’s world. Her
dull surroundings symbolize her reality, whereas her fantasies about meeting the footballer
Danny Casey reflect her longing for excitement and escape from her mundane life.
Contrast Between Reality and Fantasy – Barton's writing subtly shifts between Sophie’s
daydreams and her real-life circumstances, emphasizing her tendency to romanticize situations
while ignoring practical limitations.
Conversational Tone – The dialogue in the story is natural and reflects the speech patterns of
working-class people, making the interactions between characters feel authentic.
Psychological Depth – The author explores Sophie’s mind in detail, capturing the psychology of
a teenager who is caught between dreams and reality. Her thoughts, emotions, and aspirations are
presented in a way that resonates with readers.
Ashokamitran’s writing style in Poets and Pancakes, an excerpt from his memoir My Years
with the Boss, is marked by wit, satire, and keen observation.
1. Satirical and Humorous ToneAshokamitran employs subtle satire to critique the film
industry, especially the working conditions and the superficial glamour of Gemini Studios.His
humor is often dry and understated, as seen in his description of the makeup department using
“truckloads of pancake” or the exaggerated importance given to insignificant tasks.
2. Descriptive and Observational WritingHe provides vivid details of Gemini Studios, from
the makeup room to the office atmosphere, capturing the absurdity of certain situations.His keen
observations about people, such as the office boy's frustration and the inefficiency of some
departments, add depth to the narrative.
3. Irony and ContrastThere is a strong sense of irony in how he describes the self-importance
of minor employees and the confusion surrounding the visit of an English poet (later revealed as
Stephen Spender).The contrast between the grand image of the film industry and the mundane
reality of its employees is a recurring theme.
4. Simple and Engaging LanguageAshokamitran’s language is straightforward yet engaging,
making the narrative relatable and enjoyable.He avoids unnecessary complexity, which allows
the humor and satire to shine through effortlessly.
5. Personal and Reflective NarrativeThe story is a memoir, and his personal experiences as a
sub-editor give the reader a behind-the-scenes look at the film world.His reflections on the
seeming randomness of life events, like how he accidentally discovers Stephen Spender’s
identity, add a philosophical layer to the piece.
Jack Finney's writing style in The Third Level is characterized by simplicity, realism blended
with fantasy, and a nostalgic tone. His use of clear and engaging narration, along with vivid
descriptions, helps immerse readers in both the real and imaginary worlds of the protagonist,
Charley.1. Blend of Realism and FantasyFinney masterfully merges real-life settings with an
element of fantasy, creating a world where time travel seems possible. The story starts with a
realistic setting—New York’s Grand Central Station—but soon introduces the mysterious "third
level," which exists outside normal time. This blend of reality and illusion is a hallmark of
Finney’s writing, drawing readers into a seemingly ordinary world that hides extraordinary
possibilities.2. Simple and Engaging Narrative StyleFinney’s prose is straightforward yet
compelling, making complex ideas like time travel easy to follow. He writes in the first-person
perspective, allowing readers to experience Charley’s thoughts and emotions directly. The
conversational tone makes the story relatable, as though the protagonist is speaking to the
reader.3. Nostalgic and Reflective ToneA key theme in The Third Level is nostalgia for a
simpler, more peaceful past. Finney’s descriptions of 1894 evoke warmth and longing,
portraying it as a world untouched by war and modern anxieties. His use of rich, sensory details
—such as the small-town charm, the gas lamps, and the people’s old-fashioned clothing—
enhances this nostalgic effect.4. Psychological ExplorationFinney subtly explores the human
mind, particularly escapism and the desire to flee from modern-day stress. His writing suggests
that Charley’s discovery of the third level might be a psychological illusion rather than an actual
place. Through this, Finney leaves room for interpretation, making his style thought-provoking
and open-ended.5. Use of Suspense and MysteryThe story keeps readers intrigued by
maintaining a sense of mystery and ambiguity. Finney does not explicitly confirm whether the
third level truly exists, leaving the ending open to speculation. This use of subtle suspense and an
unresolved conclusion adds depth to his storytelling.
The Tiger King, Kalki (R. Krishnamurthy) uses a satirical and humorous writing style to
criticize blind power, arrogance, and the absurdity of unchecked authority. His narrative is
engaging, with a mix of irony, exaggeration, and wit.
1. Satire and Irony: Kalki employs satire to mock the foolishness of the protagonist, the
king of Pratibandapuram. The king’s obsession with avoiding his predicted death (from a
tiger) ironically leads to his downfall, highlighting fate’s inevitability.
2. Humor and Exaggeration: The author uses exaggeration to emphasize the king’s
irrationality. For example, the king’s dramatic declaration, "Let tigers beware!" after
killing his first tiger, adds to the comic tone.
3. Simple and Engaging Language: Kalki’s storytelling is clear and direct, making it
accessible to readers. His conversational tone keeps the reader engaged.
4. Social Criticism: The story subtly critiques autocratic rule, showing how the king
misuses his power for personal fears rather than serving his people. The bureaucrats and
courtiers around him blindly follow orders, highlighting the flaws in a hierarchical
system.
5. Use of Foreshadowing: Right from the beginning, the story hints at the king’s inevitable
fate, building suspense despite the humorous approach.
Journey to the End of the Earth, Tishani Doshi’s writing style is reflective, descriptive, and
informative, blending personal experience with broader environmental concerns. 1. Descriptive
and Vivid ImageryDoshi’s writing is rich in sensory details, bringing the Antarctic landscape to
life. She describes the ice formations, the vast white expanse, and the surreal beauty of the place
with precision. This helps readers visualize and feel the environment as she does.2. Personal
and Reflective ToneThe narrative is deeply personal, as she shares her thoughts and feelings
about the journey. Her introspective style allows readers to connect with her awe and concerns
regarding climate change and human impact on nature.3. Blend of Science and LiteratureDoshi
seamlessly weaves scientific facts with poetic language. She explains complex environmental
issues in an accessible way while maintaining an engaging, almost lyrical quality in her prose.4.
Thought-Provoking and PhilosophicalHer writing encourages readers to think beyond the
immediate experience of travel. She raises questions about the future of the planet, the role of
humans in climate change, and the fragility of ecosystems.5. Engaging and
ConversationalDespite dealing with serious topics, Doshi’s style remains engaging. She keeps
the reader involved by balancing factual content with personal anecdotes and observations.
The Enemy, Pearl S. Buck employs a simple, clear, and descriptive writing style that
effectively conveys the themes of humanity, prejudice, and moral conflict. Her prose is
straightforward yet deeply evocative, making the story accessible while also carrying profound
emotional depth.
Realistic and Descriptive NarrationBuck describes the setting, characters, and emotions
vividly, allowing readers to visualize the scenes effortlessly.Example: The coastal setting of
Japan, the meticulous details of Dr. Sadao’s house, and the operation scene are all depicted
with clarity.
Simple and Direct LanguageHer language is easy to understand, yet it conveys deep
themes.She avoids excessive ornamentation, making the narrative flow smoothly.
Psychological DepthThe story delves into Dr. Sadao’s internal conflict between duty to his
country and his moral responsibility as a doctor.She explores human emotions deeply, making
the characters relatable and realistic.
 Third-Person Limited PerspectiveThe story is told from Dr. Sadao’s point of view, giving
readers insight into his thoughts and struggles.This perspective helps build tension as he faces
the dilemma of saving an American soldier during wartime.
Symbolism and ContrastThe wounded American soldier represents humanity beyond national
boundaries.The contrast between war and compassion highlights the central moral conflict.
Use of Dialogue for Character DevelopmentConversations between Sadao and his wife,
Hana, reveal their internal fears and moral debates.The restrained yet expressive dialogue
enhances the emotional weight of the story.
Susan Hill’s writing style in On the Face of It is simple yet deeply evocative, reflecting her
ability to explore complex emotions through minimalistic dialogue and vivid imagery. The play
primarily relies on naturalistic conversation between the two main characters—Mr. Lamb, an
elderly man with a physical disability, and Derry, a young boy with a burned face.
1. Conversational and Realistic Dialogue
o Hill uses straightforward and natural speech patterns to create a realistic tone.
o The dialogue-driven narrative helps reveal character emotions and internal
conflicts without excessive exposition.
o For example, Mr. Lamb’s open-ended and philosophical responses contrast with
Derry’s short, defensive remarks, highlighting their personalities.
2. Symbolism and Metaphorical Language
o The play is rich in symbolism, particularly in Mr. Lamb’s garden, which
represents hope, acceptance, and a world free of societal judgment.
o Mr. Lamb’s references to bees, apples, and an open gate subtly convey themes of
inclusion and optimism.
3. Minimalist Description, Deep Emotional Impact
o Hill avoids lengthy descriptions, focusing instead on how characters perceive the
world.
o Through small details—like Mr. Lamb’s empty house and Derry’s reluctance to
believe in kindness—she builds an emotionally charged atmosphere.
4. Contrast Between Hope and Pessimism
o The play’s structure revolves around contrasting perspectives: Mr. Lamb’s
optimism versus Derry’s cynicism.
o This contrast is reflected in the tone of their dialogues, with Mr. Lamb’s
philosophical musings and Derry’s sharp, bitter replies.
5. Open-Ended and Thought-Provoking Conclusion
o The ending, where Mr. Lamb falls from a ladder and Derry rushes to him, is left
open to interpretation.
o This ambiguity is characteristic of Hill’s style, as it forces the audience to reflect
on the themes of isolation, acceptance, and change.
Memories of Childhood
Writing Style of Zitkala-Sa (The Cutting of My Long Hair)
1. Emotive and Personal – Zitkala-Sa's writing is deeply personal and filled with raw
emotions. She vividly describes her pain and fear when she is forced to conform to
Western norms at the missionary school.
2. Descriptive and Poetic – Her language is rich in imagery. For example, she describes the
sounds of footsteps, the metallic clanking, and the humiliating experience of having her
long hair cut.
 3. First-Person Narrative – She recounts the story from her own perspective, making the
reader feel her helplessness and resistance.
4. Symbolism – She uses hair as a symbol of her cultural identity. The forced haircut
represents the stripping away of her Native American heritage.
Writing Style of Bama (We Too Are Human Beings)
1. Anecdotal and Observational – Bama’s writing is more anecdotal, based on her
personal observations of caste-based discrimination in Tamil Nadu.
2. Conversational and Simple – Her tone is informal and engaging, making the story
relatable, especially when she describes her childhood innocence and later realization of
caste injustice.
3. Satirical and Ironical – She subtly mocks the caste system by highlighting the absurdity
of untouchability through her experiences, like when she watches an elder carry food in a
comical manner just to avoid touching it.
4. Empowering and Hopeful – Unlike Zitkala-Sa’s tone of helplessness, Bama’s narrative
transforms into one of resistance. Her brother’s advice about education as a tool for social
upliftment adds a hopeful and empowering tone to her writing.
My Mother at Sixty-Six, Kamala Das employs a deeply personal and introspective writing style,
blending lyricism with stark realism. Simplicity and Directness – The poem is written in free
verse, with simple yet evocative language that captures raw emotions. She does not rely on
complex metaphors but instead presents a direct and honest portrayal of her feelings.
Imagery and Symbolism – Kamala Das uses powerful imagery, such as comparing her
aging mother to a “late winter’s moon”, symbolizing frailty and the fading light of life. The
contrast between young children playing outside and the mother’s aged appearance
reinforces the theme of transience and inevitability of aging.Personal and Confessional
Tone – True to her confessional style, she expresses her personal fears and emotions openly.
The poem reflects intimate anxieties, especially the fear of separation and death, making it
highly relatable.Contrast and Juxtaposition – She contrasts the vitality of the outside world
(young children, green trees) with the pale and decaying image of her mother, emphasizing
the unavoidable cycle of life and death.Emotional Understatement – The poem ends with
controlled restraint, as she smiles and says "See you soon, Amma," masking her sorrow with
a facade of normalcy. This subtle expression makes the poem more poignant.
Keeping Quiet, Pablo Neruda’s writing style is reflective, contemplative, and deeply
philosophical. He uses free verse, which means there is no strict rhyme scheme or meter,
allowing for a natural, flowing rhythm. His tone is gentle yet urgent, as he calls for a moment of
silence and introspection to promote peace and unity.
1. Simple yet Profound Language – Neruda uses straightforward words, making his
message accessible to all. However, his ideas carry deep meaning, urging humanity to
pause and reflect.
2. Imagery and Symbolism – He employs vivid imagery, such as “count to twelve”
(symbolizing a universal pause) and “cold sea” (symbolizing nature’s tranquility). These
images emphasize the importance of stillness.
3. Philosophical Tone – The poem has a meditative quality, encouraging self-examination
and a break from the chaos of life. He suggests that silence and inaction can lead to
deeper understanding and harmony.
4. Universal Appeal – Neruda’s style transcends borders, addressing all of humanity. His
inclusive language (“we would all be together”) fosters a sense of global unity.
 5. Repetition for Emphasis – The poet repeats ideas, such as “without rush, without
engines,” to stress the need for calmness and to contrast the hurried nature of modern life.
6. Call for Peace – Instead of presenting silence as emptiness, Neruda portrays it as an
opportunity for renewal and healing, making his style hopeful rather than pessimistic.
Neruda’s writing in Keeping Quiet is lyrical, persuasive, and deeply introspective, making it a
timeless plea for peace and self-awareness.
John Keats’ poem A Thing of Beauty is an excerpt from his longer work Endymion, which is
based on Greek mythology. His writing style in this poem reflects the core elements of Romantic
poetry, emphasizing beauty, nature, and imagination.

1. Romanticism and IdealismKeats, a prominent Romantic poet, glorifies beauty and nature as
eternal sources of joy. He believes that beautiful things provide comfort and relief from the harsh
realities of life. His idealistic vision presents beauty as a divine force that can uplift the human
spirit.2. Sensory Imagery and Vivid DescriptionsThe poem is filled with rich imagery that
appeals to the senses. Keats paints pictures of "daffodils in green fields," "clear rills," and "shady
boon," making nature come alive. His descriptive style enhances the reader’s emotional
connection with beauty.3. Use of Metaphors and SymbolsKeats uses metaphors to compare
beautiful things to eternal and life-sustaining elements. For example, he describes beauty as "an
endless fountain of immortal drink," symbolizing its everlasting impact on human life.
4. Musicality and Flowing LanguageThe poem is written in rhymed couplets, giving it a
smooth and melodious quality. His use of alliteration, assonance, and repetition adds to the
lyrical effect, making the verses pleasing to read.5. Philosophical DepthBeyond aesthetic
beauty, Keats conveys a deeper message about how beauty provides solace and helps people
overcome despair. He contrasts the struggles of life with the eternal and soothing presence of
beauty, reflecting his philosophical outlook.
A Roadside Stand, Robert Frost employs a simple yet evocative writing style, characteristic of
his poetry. 1. Conversational ToneFrost uses a direct and conversational tone, making the poem
accessible to readers. The poem feels like a personal reflection rather than a formal composition,
engaging readers with its heartfelt narrative.2. Imagery and SymbolismFrost paints vivid
pictures of the roadside stand, the poor farmers, and the wealthy city dwellers who pass by
without a second glance. The roadside stand itself becomes a symbol of rural hardship and the
indifference of urban society.3. Critique of SocietyHis writing in this poem carries a subtle yet
strong social critique. He contrasts the struggles of rural people with the insensitivity of the
privileged class, highlighting economic disparities in society.4. Simple Language, Deep
MeaningThough the poem is written in simple language, it carries deep philosophical and
emotional weight. Frost masterfully conveys the sorrow and helplessness of the rural poor
without excessive sentimentality.5. Use of Free Verse and Natural Speech RhythmsThe poem
is written in free verse, resembling natural speech patterns. This lack of strict rhyme or meter
adds to the poem’s conversational and reflective tone.6. Melancholic and Thoughtful
MoodFrost’s tone in this poem is melancholic yet thoughtful. He expresses sympathy for the
rural people while questioning the societal structures that leave them behind.
Adrienne Rich’s poem Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers is written in a controlled and structured style,
reflecting the constraints imposed on Aunt Jennifer by a patriarchal society. 1. Formal and
Structured VerseThe poem follows a rigid rhyme scheme (AABB) and is written in three
stanzas of four lines each (quatrains).This controlled structure mirrors Aunt Jennifer’s lack of
freedom in her own life, as she is bound by societal and marital oppression.2. Symbolism and
MetaphorRich uses strong imagery and symbolism to contrast Aunt Jennifer’s life with the
tigers she embroiders.The tigers symbolize power, confidence, and freedom—qualities Aunt
Jennifer lacks but aspires to through her art."The massive weight of Uncle’s wedding band" is a
metaphor for the burdens of marriage and societal expectations imposed on women.
3. Contrast and IronyThe poem contrasts the fearless, vibrant tigers with Aunt Jennifer’s
oppressed and fragile existence.There is an irony in how the tigers will continue to prance freely,
while Aunt Jennifer herself remains trapped in her reality, even in death.4. Concise and
Powerful DictionRich’s language is simple yet evocative, using words like "chivalric,"
"prance," and "bright topaz" to depict the tigers’ energy and freedom.On the other hand, words
like "fluttering," "ordeals," and "terrified hands" emphasize Aunt Jennifer’s weakness and
struggles.5. Feminist UndertonesThe poem subtly critiques the oppression of women in
traditional marriages.Rich highlights how Aunt Jennifer can only express her desires through her
art, rather than in her real life.