DESIGN OF BEAM

AT END 1
Determine important beam details:
Beam - B2 Floor = --
Mu = 104.12 kN-m (from MIDAS analysis)
f'c = 28 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
b = 250 mm
h = 500 mm
ϕ = 0.9
β1 = 0.85
concrete cover = 40 mm
Using 25 mm Ø rebar
Using 10 mm Ø stirrups

Compute for Effective Depth:

d = beam depth – concrete cover – stirrup – ½ (∅ main bars)
d = 500 - 40 - 10 - (1/2) 25
d = 437.5 mm

Computing for Nominal Moment Capacity:

Mn = Mu/Φ = 104.12 / 0.9 = 115.688889 kN-m

Solving for maximum steel ratio:

3 0.85 (β1) (f'c)
pmax = [ ]
7 fy
3 0.85 (0.85) (28)
pmax = [ ]
7 420
pmax = 0.020642857 ≈ 0.02064
fy
ω = pmax ( )
f'c
420
ω = 0.02064 ( ) = 0.3096
28
ω ≈ 0.3096

ΦMn = Φ ω f’c b 𝑑 (1 − 0.59ω)

ΦMn = 305.1393693 kN-m

ΦMn ≈ 305.1394 kN-m

Check if Singly or Doubly Reinforced:
If ØMnmax < Mu ; Doubly Reinforced
If ØMnmax> Mu ; Singly Reinforced
ΦMnmax = 305.1394 kN-m > Mu = 104.12 kN-m
Therefore, it is a SINGLY REINFORCED beam

Computing for Coefficient of Resistance:

𝑀
R =
Φb𝑑
104.12
R = = 2.417661678 MPa
0.9 (250) (437.5) 2
R ≈ 2.4177 Mpa

Computing for Steel Ratio:

p = = 0.006082916 ≈ 0.006083

p 1.4 1.4
= = = 0.003333333 ≈ 0.003333
fy 420
p f'c 28
= = = 0.003149704 ≈ 0.00315
4fy 1680
Use larger value, therefore p = 0.003333
3 0.85 (β1) (f'c)
p = [ ]
7 fy
3 0.85 (0.85) (28)
p = [ ]
7 420
p = 0.020642857 ≈ 0.02064 pmin<p<pmax
Therefore, use p= 0.0061

Computing for As:

A = ρbd = (0.006083) (250) (437.5) = 665.328125 mm 2

For Tension Reinforcement:

Solving for number of bars
Using 16 mm Ø bar,
π π 2
A = (Ø bar) = (16) = 201.06193 mm
` 4 4
As 665.328125
N = = = 3.3091 say 4 pcs
Ad 201.0619298
Check the spacing:
b − 2(concrete cover) − 2(Ø stirrups) − (# 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠)(Ø main bar)
S = (# 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 − 1)

250 -2 (40) -2 (10) -4 (16)

S = =
4 - 1
S = 16.67 mm < 25 mm Not Okay!
Therefore, use two layers of rebars.
Use 2-20 mm bars for compreession.

For Analysis:
ρ = A = 665.328125 = 0.006
bd (250) (437.
p 1.4 1.4
= =
fy 420
p = 0.0033 ≈ 0.003
p f'c 28
= =
4fy 1680
p = 0.0167 ≈ 0.017
ρ > p Okay!

To check the controlled:

ε = 0.003
c1 = a1 = ρ fy d / 0.85 f'c
β1 β1
c1 = (0.006083) (420) (437. /(0.85) (28)
0.85
c1 = 46.964 23.48
0.85
c1 = 55.25
εt + 0.003 = 0.003
d c1
εt + 0.003 = 0.003
437.5 55.25
εt = 0.021
εt ≥ 0.005 Therefore, the beam is in Tension Controlled

Check for safety:

ΦMn = ΦAsfy (d - a/2)
ΦMn = (665.328125) (0.9) (420) (437. -23.4821691176471)
ΦMn = 1041.23
Mu < ΦMn Therefore, the beam is Safe!
Check if compression steel will yield:
C1 = T1
0.85 f'c a b = As1 fy
0.85 (28) (a) (250) = 665.328125 (420)
a = 46.96433824 mm
a ≈ 46.9643 mm
a = β1 c
46.9643 mm = 0.9 ( c )
c = 52.18255556 mm
c = 52.1826 mm
c - d'
𝑓𝑠' = 600 ( )
c
52.1826 - 70
𝑓𝑠' = 600 ( ) = -204.86599
52.1826
𝑓𝑠' = -204.866 MPa < 𝑓y = 420 MPa
Therefore, compression steel will not yield.
DESIGN OF BEAM
AT MIDSPAN
Determine important beam details:
Beam - B2 Floor = --
Mu = 20.22 kN-m (from MIDAS analysis)
f'c = 28 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
b = 250 mm
h = 500 mm
ϕ = 0.9
β1 = 0.85
concrete cover = 30 mm
Using 25 mm Ø rebar
Using 10 mm Ø stirrups

Compute for Effective Depth:

d = beam depth – concrete cover – stirrup – ½ (∅ main bars)
d = 500 - 30 - 10 - (1/2) 25
d = 447.5 mm

Computing for Nominal Moment Capacity:

Mn = Mu/Φ = 20.22 / 0.9 = 22.4666667 kN-m

Solving for maximum steel ratio:

3 0.85 (β1) (f'c)
pmax = [ ]
7 fy
3 0.85 (0.85) (28)
pmax = [ ]
7 420
pmax = 0.020642857 ≈ 0.02064
fy
ω = pmax ( )
f'c
420
ω = 0.02064 ( ) = 0.3096
28
ω ≈ 0.3096

ΦMn = Φ ω f’c b 𝑑 (1 − 0.59ω)

ΦMn = 319.2480174 kN-m

ΦMn ≈ 319.248 kN-m

Check if Singly or Doubly Reinforced:
If ØMnmax < Mu ; Doubly Reinforced
If ØMnmax> Mu ; Singly Reinforced
ΦMnmax = 319.248 kN-m > Mu = 20.22 kN-m
Therefore, it is a SINGLY REINFORCED beam

Computing for Coefficient of Resistance:

𝑀
R =
Φb𝑑
20.22
R = = 0.448758362 MPa
0.9 (250) (447.5) 2
R ≈ 0.4488 Mpa

Computing for Steel Ratio:

p = = 0.001078841 ≈ 0.001079

p 1.4 1.4
= = = 0.003333333 ≈ 0.003333
fy 420
p f'c 28
= = = 0.003149704 ≈ 0.00315
4fy 1680
Use larger value, therefore p = 0.003333
3 0.85 (β1) (f'c)
p = [ ]
7 fy
3 0.85 (0.85) (28)
p = [ ]
7 420
p = 0.020642857 ≈ 0.02064 p<pmin
Therefore, use pmin = 0.003333

Computing for As:

A = ρbd = (0.003333) (250) (447.5) = 372.879375 mm 2

For Tension Reinforcement:

Solving for number of bars
Using 16 mm Ø bar,
π π 2
A = (Ø bar) = (16) = 201.06193 mm
4 4
As 372.879375
N = = = 1.855 say 2 pcs
Ad 201.0619298
Check the spacing:
b − 2(concrete cover) − 2(Ø stirrups) − (# 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠)(Ø main bar)
S = (# 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 − 1)

250 -2 (30) -2 (10) -2 (16)

S = =
2 - 1
S = 120 mm > 25 mm Okay!
Therefore, use 2 - 25 mm tension bars spaced at 120 mm on centers.
Use 2-20 mm bars for compreession.

For Analysis:
ρ = A = 372.879375 = 0.003
bd (250) (447.5
p 1.4 1.4
= =
fy 420
p = 0.0033 ≈ 0.003
p f'c 28
= =
4fy 1680
p = 0.0167 ≈ 0.017
ρ > p Okay!

To check the controlled:

ε = 0.003
c1 = a1 = ρ fy d / 0.85 f'c
β1 β1
c1 = (0.003333) (420) (447.5 /(0.85) (28)
0.85
c1 = 26.321 13.16
0.85
c1 = 30.97
εt + 0.003 = 0.003
d c1
εt + 0.003 = 0.003
447.5 30.97
εt = 0.040
εt ≥ 0.005 Therefore, the beam is in Tension Controlled

Check for safety:

ΦMn = ΦAsfy (d - a/2)
ΦMn = (372.879375) (0.9) (420) (447.5 -13.1604485294118)
ΦMn = 612.2
Mu < ΦMn Therefore, the beam is Safe!
Check if compression steel will yield:
C1 = T1
0.85 f'c a b = As1 fy
0.85 (28) (a) (250) = 372.879375 (420)
a = 26.32089706 mm
a ≈ 26.3209 mm
a = β1 c
26.3209 mm = 0.9 (c)
c = 29.24544444 mm
c = 29.2454 mm
c - d'
𝑓𝑠' = 600 ( )
c
29.2454 - 60
𝑓𝑠' = 600 ( ) = -630.962818
29.2454
𝑓𝑠' = -630.9628 MPa < 𝑓y = 420 MPa
Therefore, compression steel will not yield.
DESIGN OF BEAM
AT END 2
Determine important beam details:
Beam - B2 Floor = --
Mu = 104.12 kN-m (from MIDAS analysis)
f'c = 28 MPa
fy = 420 MPa
b = 250 mm
h = 500 mm
ϕ = 0.9
β1 = 0.85
concrete cover = 40 mm
Using 25 mm Ø rebar
Using 10 mm Ø stirrups

Compute for Effective Depth:

d = beam depth – concrete cover – stirrup – ½ (∅ main bars)
d = 500 - 40 - 10 - (1/2) 25
d = 437.5 mm

Computing for Nominal Moment Capacity:

Mn = Mu/Φ = 104.12 / 0.9 = 115.688889 kN-m

Solving for maximum steel ratio:

3 0.85 (β1) (f'c)
pmax = [ ]
7 fy
3 0.85 (0.85) (28)
pmax = [ ]
7 420
pmax = 0.020642857 ≈ 0.02064
fy
ω = pmax ( )
f'c
420
ω = 0.02064 ( ) = 0.3096
28
ω ≈ 0.3096

ΦMn = Φ ω f’c b 𝑑 (1 − 0.59ω)

ΦMn = 305.1393693 kN-m

ΦMn ≈ 305.1394 kN-m

Check if Singly or Doubly Reinforced:
If ØMnmax < Mu ; Doubly Reinforced
If ØMnmax> Mu ; Singly Reinforced
ΦMnmax = 305.1394 kN-m > Mu = 104.12 kN-m2
Therefore, it is a SINGLY REINFORCED beam

Computing for Coefficient of Resistance:

𝑀
R =
Φb𝑑
104.12
R = = 2.41766168 MPa
0.9 (250) (437.5) 2
R ≈ 2.4177 Mpa

Computing for Steel Ratio:

p = = 0.006082916 ≈ 0.006083

p 1.4 1.4
= = = 0.003333333 ≈ 0.003333
fy 420
p f'c 28
= = = 0.003149704 ≈ 0.00315
4fy 1680
Use larger value, therefore p = 0.003333
3 0.85 (β1) (f'c)
p = [ ]
7 fy
3 0.85 (0.85) (28)
p = [ ]
7 420
p = 0.020642857 ≈ 0.02064 pmin<p<pmax
Therefore, use p= 0.006083

Computing for As:

2
A = ρbd = (0.006083) (250) (437.5) = 665.328125 mm

For Tension Reinforcement:

Solving for number of bars
Using 16 mm Ø bar,
π π 2
A = (Ø bar) = (16) = 201.06193 mm
4 4
As 665.328125
N = = = 3.309 say 4 pcs
Ad 201.0619298
Check the spacing:
b − 2(concrete cover) − 2(Ø stirrups) − (# 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠)(Ø main bar)
S = (# 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 − 1)

250 -2 (40) -2 (10) -4 (16)

S = =
4 - 1
S = 16.67 mm < 25 mm Not Okay!
Therefore, use two layers of rebars.
Use 2-20 mm bars for compreession.

For Analysis:
ρ = A = 665.328125 = 0.006
bd (250) (437.5
p 1.4 1.4
= =
fy 420
p = 0.003333 ≈ 0.003
p f'c 28
= =
4fy 1680
p = 0.016667 ≈ 0.017
ρ > p Okay!

To check the controlled:

ε = 0.003
c1 = a1 = ρ fy d / 0.85 f'c
β1 β1
c1 = (0.006083) (420) (437.5 /(0.85) (28)
0.85
c1 = 46.96434 23.48
0.85
c1 = 55.25
εt + 0.003 = 0.003
d c1
εt + 0.003 = 0.003
437.5 55.25
εt = 0.021
εt ≥ 0.005 Therefore, the beam is in Tension Controlled

Check for safety:

ΦMn = ΦAsfy (d - a/2)
ΦMn = (665.328125) (0.9) (420) (437.5 -23.4821691176471)
ΦMn = 1041.23
Mu < ΦMn Therefore, the beam is Safe!
Check if compression steel will yield:
C1 = T1
0.85 f'c a b = As1 fy
0.85 (28) (a) (250) = 665.328125 (420)
a = 46.96433824 mm
a ≈ 46.9643 mm
a = β1 c
46.9643 mm = 0.9 (c)
c = 52.18255556 mm
c = 52.1826 mm
c - d'
𝑓𝑠' = 600( )
c
52.1826 - 70
𝑓𝑠' = 600( ) = -204.86599
52.1826
𝑓𝑠' = -204.866 MPa < 𝑓y = 420 MPa
Therefore, compression steel will not yield.
DESIGN FOR SHEAR
Determine important details:
Vu = 112.72 kN (from MIDAS Analysis)
f'c = 28 MPa b = 250 mm
fy = 420 MPa h = 500 mm
fyt = 230 MPa d = 437.5 mm
ϕ = 0.75 (reduction factor for shear)
db = 25 mm Ø rebar
dt = 10 mm Ø stirrup
Av = 78.53981634 mm 2 N= 2

Design Computation
Vu = ϕVn
Vn = Vc + Vs

Compute for shear strength provided by concrete, Vc

Vc = 0.17𝜆 𝑓 𝑐 𝑏 𝑑
Vc = 0.17 (1) 28 (250) (437.5) = 98.38887688 kN
Vc ≈ 98.3889 kN
ΦVc = 0.75 (98.3889) = 73.791675 kN
ΦVc ≈ 73.7917 kN
Vu = 112.72 kN > ΦVc = 73.7917 kN
Therefore, stirrups are necessary.

Compute for the shear strength to be provided by steel, Vs.

Vu
Vs = Vc
Φ
112.72
Vs = 98.3889
0.75
Vs = 51.90443333 kN

Compute for required spacing of stirrups, S.

If Vs > 0.66 𝑓 𝑐 𝑏 𝑑 , therefore, redesign beam.
If Vs < 0.66 𝑓 𝑐 𝑏 𝑑 , therefore, accepted.
Vs = 51.90443333 < 0.66 𝑓 𝑐 𝑏 𝑑 = 381.9803455
Therefore, accepted and check for spacing.
If Vs > 0.33 𝑓 𝑐 𝑏 𝑑 , therefore, Smax = dt/4 or 300 mm (higher governs)
If Vs < 0.33 𝑓 𝑐 𝑏 𝑑 , therefore, Smax = dt/2 or 600 mm (higher governs)
Vs = 51.90443333 < 0.33 𝑓 𝑐 𝑏 𝑑 = 190.9901728
Therefore, Smax = d/2 or 600 mm.
 d 437.5
Smax = = = 218.75 mm < 600 mm
2 2
Use Smax = 218.8 mm say 210 mm
Av (fyt) (d)
Sreq = = 304.523853 say 300 mm
Vs
Since, Sreq > Smax
Use S = 210 mm

437.5
N = = 4.375 say 5 pcs
100

Beam B2
Size : 250 mm by 500 mm

Longitudinal bars:
At End 1 : 4 - 25 mm tension bars
At Midspan : 2 - 25 mm tension bars
At End 2 : 4 - 25 mm tension bars
Use 2 - 25 mm for compression bars

Ties:
Use 10 mm Ø stirrup
1 @ 50 mm, 5 @ 100 mm, rest @ 210 mm

NAME B2
END MU 104.1
MID MU 20.22
SHEAR 112.7
WIDTH 250
HEIGHT 500