ACHIEVE SCIENCE ACADEMY

Subject : Physics Paper Set : 1

Standard : 11 JEE Date : 17-02-2025
Total Mark : 400 Time : 1H:0M

................ Physics - Section A (MCQ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (A) (B)

(1) n− moles of an ideal gas with constant volume heat capacity Cv

undergo an isobaric expansion by certain volume. The ratio of the
work done in the process, to the heat supplied is
(A) nR
Cv −nR
(B) nR
Cv +nR
(C) (D)
(C) 4nR
Cv +nR
(D) 4nR
Cv −nR

(2) One mole of a diatomic ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process ABC
as shown in figure. The process BC is adiabatic. The temperatures
at A, B and C are 400 K, 800 K and 600 K respectively. Choose
the correct statement

(5) A Carnot engine operating between two reservoirs has efficiency 13 .

When the temperature of cold reservoir raised by x, its efficiency
decreases to 61 . The value of x, if the temperature of hot reservoir is
99◦ C, will be ........ K
(A) 16.5 (B) 33
(C) 66 (D) 62

(6) Two ideal Carnot engines operate in cascade (all heat given up by
one engine is used by the other engine to produce work) between
temperatures, T1 and T2 . The temperature of the hot reservoir of
the first engine is T1 and the temperature of the cold reservoir of
the second engine is T2 .T is temperature of the sink of first engine
which is also the source for the second engine. How is T related to
(A) The change in internal energy in the process CA is 700 R T1 and T2 , if both the engines perform equal amount of work?
(B) The change in internal energy in the process AB is −350R 1 T2
√
(A) T = T2T 1 +T2
(B) T = T1 T2
(C) The change in internal energy in the process BC is −500R T1 +T2
(C) T = 2
(D) T = 0
(D) The change in internal energy in whole cyclic process is 250R

(7) Consider the efficiency of Carnot’s engine is given by

( ) αβ
loge kT
βx
, where α and β are constants. If T is temperature,
(3) The pressure P1 and density d1 of diatomic gas γ = 75 changes η = sin θ
suddenly to P2 (> P1 ) and d2 respectively during an adiabatic k is Boltzman constant, θ is angular displacement and x has the
process. The temperature of the gas increases and dimensions of length. Then, choose the incorrect option.
) becomes ......
times of its initial temperature.( given dd21 = 32 (A) Dimensions of β is same as that of force.
(B) Dimensions of α−1 x is same as that of energy.
(A) 5 (B) 2
(C) Dimensions of η −1 sin θ is same as that of αβ
(C) 4 (D) 0
(D) Dimensions of α is same as that of β

(4) A thermodynamic cycle xyzx is shown on a V − T diagram.

The P − V diagram that best describes this cycle is (8) In a process, temperature and volume of one mole of an ideal
(Diagrams are schematic and not to scale) monoatomic gas are varied according to the relation V T = K,
where I is a constant. In this process the temperature of the gas is
increased by ∆T . The amount of heat absorbed by gas is (R is gas
constant)
(A) 1
2
R∆T (B) 1
2
KR∆T
(C) 3
2
R∆T (D) 2K
3
∆T

(9) The given figure represents two isobaric processes for the same
mass of an ideal gas, then

1
 temperature T1 and a heat sink at temperature T4 (see figure).
There are two other reservoirs at temperature T2 and T3 , as shown,
with T1 > T2 > T3 > T4 . The three engines are equally efficient if

(A) P2 ≥ P1 (B) P2 > P1

(C) P1 = P2 (D) P1 > P2
(10) The P − V diagram of a diatomic ideal gas system going under
cyclic process as shown in figure. The work done during an
adiabatic process CD is (use γ = 1.4) (in J)
( )1/3
(A) T2 = (T1 T4 )1/2 ; T3 = T12 T4
( )1/3 ( )1/3
(B) T2 = T12 T4 ; T3 = T1 T42
( )1/3 ( )1/3
(C) T2 = T1 T42 ; T3 = T12 T4
( )1/4 ( )1/4
(D) T2 = T13 T4 ; T3 = T1 T43

(16) A monoatomic ideal gas, initially at temperature T1 , is enclosed in a

cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston. The gas is allowed to
expand adiabatically to a temperature. T2 by releasing the piston
suddenly. If L1 and L2 are the lengths of the gas column before and
after expansion respectively, then T1 /T2 is given by
( )2/3
(A) L 1 (B) L
L2
1
L2
( )2/3
(A) −500 (B) −400 (C) L 2 (D) L L2
L1 1
(C) 400 (D) 200 (17) A Carnot’s engine working between 400 K and 800 K has a work
(11) For an ideal heat engine, the temperature of the source is 127 ◦ C. In output of 1200 J per cycle. The amount of heat energy supplied to
order to have 60 % efficiency the temperature of the sink should be the engine from the source in each cycle is ........... J
........ ◦ C. (Round off to the Nearest Integer) (A) 3200 (B) 1800
(A) − 113 (B) 121 (C) 1600 (D) 2400
(C) 107 (D) 128 (18) A thermodynamic system is taken through cyclic process. The total
(12) A litre of dry air at ST P expands adiabatically to a volume of 3 work done in the process is ......... J
litres. If γ = 1.40, the work done by air is(31.4 = 4.6555) [Take air to
be an ideal gas ]
(A) 90.5 J (B) 48 J
(C) 60.7 J (D) 100.8 J
(13) If one mole of an ideal gas at (P1 , V1 ) is allowed to expand
reversibly and isothermally (A to B ) its pressure is reduced to
one-half of the original pressure (see f igure). This is followed by a
constant volume cooling till its pressure is reduced to one-fourth of
the initial value (B → C). Then it is restored to its initial state by a
reversible adiabatic compression (C to A). The net workdone by the
gas is equal to ...... .
(A) 100 (B) 300
(C) 0 (D) 200
(19) An electric appliance supplies 6000 J/min heat to the system. If
the system delivers a power of 90 W . How long (in sec) it would
take to increase the internal energy by 2.5 × 103 J ?
(A) 250 (B) 410
(C) 300 (D) 150
(20) A source supplies heat to a system at the rate of 1000 W . If the
system performs work at a rate of 200 W . The rate at which internal
( )
(A) RT ln 2 − 1
(B) − 2(γ−1)
RT energy of the system increases ....... W
2(γ−1)
(A) 1200 (B) 600
(C) 0 (D) RT ln 2
(C) 500 (D) 800
(14) Heat energy of 735 J is given to a diatomic gas allowing the gas to
expand at constant pressure. Each gas molecule rotates around an (21) Given below are two statement
internal axis but do not oscillate. The increase in the internal energy Statement −I : What µ amount of an ideal gas undergoes adiabatic
of the gas will be .......... J change from state (P1 , V1 , T1 ) to state (P2 , V2 , T2 ), the work done
(A) 525 (B) 441 is W = 1R(T2 −T1 )
1−γ
, where γ = C CP
and R = universal gas constant,
Statement −II : In the above case. when work is done on the gas.
V

(C) 572 (D) 735 the temperature of the gas would rise.
(15) Three Carnot engines operate in series between a heat source at a Choose the correct answer from the options given below

2
 (A) Both statement −I and statement −II are true.
(B) Both statement −I and statement −II are false.
(C) Statement −I is true but statement −II is false.
(D) Statement −I is false but statement −II is true.

(22) Under isothermal condition, the pressure of a gas is given by

P = aV −3 , where a is a constant and V is the volume of the gas.
The bulk modulus at constant temperature is equal to .......... P
(A) 0.5 (B) 3
(C) 2 (D) 1

(23) One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is taken along the path
ABCA as shown in the P V diagram. The maximum temperature
attained by the gas along the path BC is given by (A) (c) and (a) (B) (c) and (d)
(C) (a) only (D) (b) and (c)
(29) 200 g water is heated from 40 o C to 60 o C. Ignoring the slight
expansion of water, the change in its internal energy is close to ......
kJ (Given specific heat of water = 4184 J/kgK )
(A) 167.4 (B) 8.4
(C) 4.2 (D) 16.7

(A) 25 P0 V0
(B) 25 P0 V0 (30) A Carnot engine absorbs 1000 J of heat energy from a reservoir at
8 R 4 R
127 o C and rejects 600 J of heat energy during each cycle. The
(C) 25 P0 V0
16 R
(D) 5 P0 V0
8 R efficiency of engine and temperature of sink will be
(A) 20% and −43 o C (B) 40% and −33 o C
(24) A Carnot engine take 5000 k cal of heat from a reservoir at 727 ◦ C
and gives heat to a sink at 127 ◦ C. The work done by the engine is (C) 50% and −20 o C (D) 70% and −10 o C
.......... × 106 J (31) The heat absorbed by a system in going through the given cyclic
(A) 3 (B) 0 process is:
(C) 12.6 (D) 8.4

(25) One mole of an ideal gas at 27◦ C is taken from A to B as shown in

the given P V indicator diagram. The work done by the system will
be ...... × 10−1 J
[Given : R = 8.3 J/ mole K, ln 2 = 0.6931 ] (Round off to the
nearest integer)

(A) 61.6 J (B) 431.2 J

(C) 616 J (D) 19.6 J
(32) A gas can be taken from A to B via two different processes ACB
and ADB. When path ACB is used 60 J of heat flows into the
system and 30 J of work is done by the system. If path ADB is
used work down by the system is 10 J. the heat flow into the
system in path ADB is ..... J

(A) 30012 (B) 2147

(C) 834 (D) 17258

(26) A Carnot freezer takes heat from water at 0 o C inside it and rejects
it to the room at a temperature of 27 o C. The latent heat of ice is
336 × 103 J kg −1 . lf 5 kg of water at 0 o C is converted into ice at
0 o C by the freezer, then the energy consumed by the freezer is
close to (A) 40 (B) 80
(A) 1.51 × 105 J (B) 1.68 × 106 J (C) 100 (D) 20
(C) 1.71 × 107 J (D) 1.67 × 105 J (33) 1 g of a liquid is converted to vapour at 3 × 105 P a pressure. If 10%
of the heat supplied is used for increasing the volume by 1600 cm3
(27) 300 cal. of heat is given to a heat engine and it rejects 225 cal. of
during this phase change, then the increase in internal energy in the
heat. If source temperature is 227◦ C, then the temperature of sink
process will be ............ J
will be____◦ C.
(A) 107 (B) 99 (A) 4320 (B) 432000

(C) 100 (D) 102 (C) 4800 (D) 4..32

(34) The given diagram shows four processes i.e., isochoric, isobaric,
(28) Which one is the correct option for the two different isothermal and adiabatic. The correct assignment of the processes,
thermodynamic processes ? in the same order is given by

3
 (A) 4P0 V0 (B) P0 V0
(A) a d c b (B) a d b c ( ) ( 11 )
(C) 13
2
P0 V0 (D) 2
P0 V0
(C) d a c b (D) d a b c
(41) A Carnot engine operates between two reservoirs of temperatures
(35) An ideal gas in a cylinder is separated by a piston in such a way that 900 K and 300 K The engine performs 1200 J of work per cycle. The
the entropy of one part is S1 and that of the other part is S2 . Given heat energy (in J ) delivered by the engine to the low temperature
that S1 > S2 . If the piston is removed then the total entropy of the reservoir, in a cycle. is
system will be : (A) 450 (B) 500
(A) S1 × S2 (B) S1 − S2 (C) 600 (D) 650
(C) S1
S2
(D) S1 + S2 (42) Match List−I with List−II
(36) An ideal gas goes through a reversible cycle a → b → c → d has the List−I List−II
V − T diagram shown below. Process d → a and b → c are
adiabatic.... The corresponding P − V diagram for the process is (all (a) Isothermal (i) Pressure constant
figures are schematic and not drawn to scale) (b) Isochoric (ii) Temperature con-
stant
(c) Adiabatic (iii) Volume constant
(d) Isobaric (iv) Heat content is
constant
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
(A) (a) → (i), (b) → (iii), (c) → (ii), (d) → (iv)

(A) (B) (B) (a) → (ii), (b) → (iii), (c) → (iv), (d) → (i)
(C) (a) → (ii), (b) → (iv), (c) → (iii), (d) → (i)
(D) (a) → (iii), (b) → (ii), (c) → (i), (d) → (iv)
(43) A sample of an ideal gas is taken through the cyclic process abca as
shown in the figure. The change in the internal energy of the gas
along the path ca is −180 J. The gas absorbs 250 J of heat along
the path ab and 60 J along the path bc. The work done by the gas
along the path abc is ..... J

(C) (D)

(A) 120 (B) 100

(37) Let η1 is the efficiency of an engine at T1 = 447◦ C and (C) 140 (D) 130
T2 = 147◦ C while η2 is the efficiency at T1 = 947◦ C and
T2 = 47◦ C. The ratio ηη21 will be. (44) One mole of an ideal gas is taken through an adiabatic process
where the temperature rises from 27◦ C to 37◦ C. If the ideal gas is
(A) 0.41 (B) 0.56 composed of polyatomic molecule that has 4 vibrational modes
(C) 0.73 (D) 0.70 which of the following is true?
(A) Work done on the gas is close to 582 J
(38) The ratio of work done by an ideal monoatomic gas to the heat
supplied to it in an isobaric process is (B) Work done by the gas is close to 332 J
(A) 0.4 (B) 1.5 (C) Work done by the gas is close to 582 J
(C) 0.6 (D) 0.67 (D) Work done on the gas is close to 332 J
(39) A diatomic gas, having Cp = 7
2
R and Cv = 5
2
R, is heated at (45) A sample of 1 mole gas at temperature T is adiabatically expanded
constant pressure. The ratio dU : dQ : dW : to double its volume. If adiabatic constant for the gas is γ = 32 , then
(A) 5 : 7 : 3 (B) 5 : 7 : 2 the work done by the gas in the process is:
√ √
(A) RT[2 − 2] (B) RT [2 − 2]
(C) 3 : 7 : 2 (D) 3 : 5 : 2
√ √
(40) The above P − V diagram represents the thermodynamic cycle of (C) RT[2 + 2] (D) R
T
[2 + 2]
an engine, operating with an ideal monatomic gas. The amount of (46) An engine operates by taking a monatomic ideal gas through the
heat, extracted from the source in a single cycle is cycle shown in the figure. The percentage efficiency of the engine is

4
 close to .......% (A) 256 (B) 208
(C) 104 (D) 52
(53) A sample of gas at temperature T is adiabatically expanded to
double its volume.
) The work done by the gas in the process is (
given, γ = 32 :
√ √
(A) W = T R[ 2 − 2] (B) W = R T
[ 2 − 2]
√ √
(C) W = R T
[2 − 2] (D) W = RT [2 − 2]
(54) n mole a perfect gas undergoes a cyclic process ABCA (see figure)
consisting of the following processes.
A → B : Isothermal expansion at temperature T so that the volume
(A) 19 (B) 25 is doubled from V1 to V2 = 2V1 and pressure changes from P1 to P2
B → C : Isobaric compression at pressure P2 to initial volume V1
(C) 27 (D) 30
C → A : Isochoric change leading to change of pressure from P2 to
(47) A reversible engine has an efficiency of 14 . If the temperature of the P1
sink is reduced by 58◦ C, its efficiency becomes double. Calculate Total workdone in the complete cycle ABCA is
the temperature of the sink. (In ◦ C)
(A) 174 (B) 280
(C) 180.4 (D) 382
(48) Two moles of an ideal monoatomic gas occupies a volume V at
27o C. The gas expands adiabatically to a volume 2 V . Calculate (a)
the final temperature of the gas and (b) change in its internal
energy.
(A) (a) 195 K (b) −2.7 kJ (B) (a) 189 K (b) −2.7 kJ
(C) (a) 195 K (b) 2.7 kJ (D) (a) 189 K (b) 2.7 kJ ( )
(A) 0 (B) nRT ln 2 + 12
( )
(49) Thermodynamic process is shown below on a P − V diagram for (C) nRT In2 (D) nRT ln 2 − 12
one mole of an ideal gas. If V2 = 2V1 then the ratio of temperature
(55) A solid body of constant heat capacity 1 J/o C is being heated by
T2 /T1 is ...... .
keeping it in contact with reservoirs in two ways :
(i) Sequentially keeping in contact with 2 reservoirs such that each
reservoir supplies same amount of heat.
(ii) Sequentially keeping in contact with 8 reservoirs such that each
reservoir supplies same amount of heat.
In both the cases body is brought from initial temperature 100o C to
final temperature 200o C. Entropy change of the body in the two
cases respectively is :
(A) ln 2,ln 2 (B) ln 2,2ln 2
(A) 1
2
(B) 2 (C) 2 ln 2,8ln 2 (D) ln 2,4ln 2
√
(C) 2 (D) √1
2
(56) A diatomic gas with rigid molecules does 10 J of work when
expanded at constant pressure. What would be the heat energy
(50) An engine operates by taking n moles of an ideal gas through the
absorbed by the gas, in this process ..... J.
cycle ABCDA shown in figure. The thermal efficiency of the
engine is : (Take Cv = 1.5 R, where R is gas constant) (A) 40 (B) 30
(C) 35 (D) 25
(57) During an adiabatic compression, 830 J of work is done on 2 moles
of a diatomic ideal gas to reduce its volume by 50%. The change in
its temperahture is nearly..... K (R = 8.3 J K −1 mol−1 )
(A) 40 (B) 33
(C) 20 (D) 14
(58) An engine has an efficiency of 1/6. When the temperature of sink is
reduced by 62o C, its efficiency is doubled. Temperatures of the
source is ....... o C
(A) 80 (B) 95
(C) 90 (D) 99
(A) 0.24 (B) 0.15
(59) 0.08 kg air is heated at constant volume through 5◦ C. The specific
(C) 0.32 (D) 0.08
heat of air at constant volume is 0.17kcal/kg◦ C and J = 4.18 joule
(51) In a certain thermodynamical process, the pressure of a gas /cal. The change in its internal energy is approximately.
depends on its volume as kV 3 . The work done when the (A) 318 J (B) 298 J
temperature changes from 100◦ C to 300◦ C will be .......... nR, where
(C) 284 J (D) 142 J
n denotes number of moles of a gas.
(A) 25 (B) 40 (60) Starting at temperature 300 K, one mole of an ideal diatomic gas
(γ = 1.4) is first compressed adiabatically from volume V1 to
(C) 50 (D) 60 V2 = V161 . It is then allowed to expand isobarically to volume 2V2 · If
(52) A reversible heat engine converts one-fourth of the heat input into all the processes are the quasi-static then the final temperature of
work. When the temperature of the sink is reduced by 52 K, its the gas (in K) is (to the nearest integer)
efficiency is doubled. The temperature in Kelvin of the source will (A) 1818 (B) 2020
be ...... .
(C) 1576 (D) 1734

5
(61) Given below are two statements:
Statement I : If heat is added to a system, its temperature must
increase.
Statement II : If positive work is done by a system in a
thermodynamic process, its volume must increase.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer
from the options given below
(A) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(B) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(C) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(D) Statement I is false but Statement II is true

(62) A Carnot engine with efficiency 50 % takes heat from a source at

600 K. In order to increase the efficiency to 70 %, keeping the
temperature of sink same, the new temperature of the source will (A) same as the 1st case
be ......... K (B) always greater than the 1st case
(A) 360 (B) 1000
(C) always less than the 1st case
(C) 900 (D) 300
(D) may increase or decrease with respect to the 1st case

(68) Starting with the same initial conditions, an ideal gas expands from
(63) Choose the correct statement for processes A & B shown in figure. volume V1 to V2 in three different ways. The work done by the gas
is W1 if the process is purely isothermal. W2 . if the process is purely
adiabatic and W3 if the process is purely isobaric. Then, choose the
coned option
(A) W1 < W2 < W3 (B) W2 < W3 < W1
(C) W3 < W1 < W2 (D) W2 < W1 < W3

(69) In an adiabatic process, the density of a diatomic gas becomes 32

times its initial value. The final pressure of the gas is found to be n
times the initial pressure. The value of n is
(A) PVγ = k for process B and PV = k for process A.
(A) 326 (B) 1
32
(B) PV = k for process B and A.
(C) 32 (D) 128
(C) P γ−1
Tγ
= k forprocess B and T = k for process A
(70) Two Carnot engines A and B are operated in series. The first one,
(D) Tγ
P γ−1
= k for process A and P V = k for process B. A, receives heat at T1 (= 600 K) and rejects to a reservoir at
temperature T2 . The second engine B receives heat rejected by the
first engine and, in turns, rejects to a heat reservoir at T3 (= 400 K).
Calculate the temperature T2 if the work outputs of the two
(64) A total of 48 J heat is given to one mole of helium kept in a cylinder. engines are equal ..... K
The temperature of helium increases by 2◦ C. The work done by the
(A) 600 (B) 400
gas is : (Given, R = 8.3 J K−1 mol−1 .)
(A) 72.9 J (B) 24.9 J (C) 300 (D) 500

(C) 48 J (D) 23.1 J (71) For an adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas, the fractional change in
its pressure is equal to (where γ is the ratio of specific heats):
(A) −γ dV
V
(B) −γ dV
V

(65) A monoatomic gas at pressure P and volume V is suddenly (C) − γ1 dV

V
(D) dV
V
compressed to one eighth of its original volume. The final pressure
at constant entropy will be .....P (72) A sample of gas with γ = 1.5 is taken through an adiabatic process
in which the volume is compressed from 1200 cm3 to 300 cm3 . If
(A) 1 (B) 8
the initial pressure is 200 kP a. The absolute value of the workdone
(C) 32 (D) 64 by the gas in the process = .....J.
(A) 0.5 (B) 240
(C) 48 (D) 480
(66) A real gas within a closed chamber at 27◦ C undergoes the cyclic
process as shown in figure. The gas obeys P V 3 = RT equation for (73) The pressure and volume of an ideal gas are related as PV3/2 = K
the path A to B. The net work done in the complete cycle is (Constant). The work done when the gas is taken from state
(assuming R = 8 J/molK ): A (P1 , V1 , T1 ) to state B (P2 , V2 , T2 ) is :
(A) 225 J (B) 205 J (A) 2 (P1 V1 − P2 V2 ) (B) 2 (P2 V2 − P1 V1 )
(√ √ ) ( √ √ )
(C) 20 J (D) −20 J (C) 2 P1 V1 − P2 V2 (D) 2 P2 V2 − P1 V1

(74) Three different processes that can occur in an ideal monoatomic gas
are shown in the P vs V diagram. The paths are labelled as
(67) In 1st case, Carnot engine operates between temperatures 300 K A → B, A → C and A → D. The change in internal energies during
and 100 K. In 2nd case, as shown in the figure, a combination of these process are taken as EAB , EAC and EAD and the work done
two engines is used. The efficiency of this combination (in 2ad case) as WAB WAC and WAD
will be. The correct relation between these parameters are

6
 (A)

(A) EAB = EAC = EAD , WAB > 0, WAC = 0, WAD > 0

(B) EAB < EAC < EAD , WAB > 0, WAC > WAD
(C) EAB = EAC < EAD , WAB > 0, WAC = 0 WAD < 0
(D) EAB > EAC > EAD , WAB < WAC < WAD (B)

(C)
(75) One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is compressed isothermally in
a rigid vessel to double its pressure at room temperature, 27 o C.The
work done on the gas will be
(A) 300R ln 6 (B) 300R
(C) 300R ln 7 (D) 300R ln 2

(D)

(76) The equation of state for a gas is given by P V = nRT + αV , where

n is the number of moles and α is a positive constant. The initial
temperature and pressure of one mole of the gas contained in a
cylinder are To and Po respectively. The work done by the gas when
its temperature doubles isobarically will be
(A) P0 T0 R
P0 −α
(B) P0 T0 R
P0 +α
(78) In the reported figure, heat energy absorbed by a system in going
through a cyclic process is ...... πJ
(C) P0 T0 R ln 2 (D) P0 T0 R

(A) 50 (B) 150

(C) 100 (D) 200
(77) A certain amount of gas is taken through a cyclic process (79) An engine takes in 5 moles of air at 20 ◦ C and 1 atm, and
(A B C D A) that has two isobars, one isochore and one isothermal. compresses it adiabaticaly to 1/10th of the original volume.
The cycle can be represented on a P − V indicator diagram as Assuming air to be a diatomic ideal gas made up of rigid molecules,

7
 the change in its internal energy during this process comes out to
be X kJ. The value of X to the nearest integer is
(A) 46.87 (B) 45.78
(C) 55.78 (D) 50.23

(80) A certain amount of gas of volume V at 27o C temperature and

pressure 2 × 107 N m−2 expands isothermally until its volume gets
doubled. Later it expands adiabatically until its volume gets
redoubled. The final pressure of the gas will be (Use γ = 1.5 )
(A) 3.536 × 105 P a (B) 3.536 × 106 P a
(C) 1.25 × 106 P a (D) 1.25 × 105 P a
(A) −450 (B) 450
(C) 900 (D) 1350
(81) A heat engine operates with the cold reservoir at temperature
324K. The minimum temperature of the hot reservoir, if the heat (88) For the given cyclic process CAB as shown for a gas, the work
engine takes 300 J heat from the hot reservoir and delivers 180 J done is ..... J
heat to the cold reservoir per cycle, is . . . K.
(A) 530 (B) 540
(C) 550 (D) 560

(82) An engine operating between the boiling and freezing points of

water will have
1. efficiency more than 27%
2. efficiency less than the efficiency a Carnot engine operating
between the same two temperatures.
3. efficiency equal to 27%
4. efficiency less than 27% (A) 30 (B) 10
(A) 2, 3 and 4 only (B) 2 and 3 only (C) 1 (D) 5
(C) 2 and 4 only (D) 1 and 2 only (89) Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion A and
the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A : Efficiency of a
reversible heat engine will be highest at −273◦ C temperature of
(83) The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 4 moles of cold reservoir.
a rigid diatomic gas from 0◦ C to 50◦ C when no work is done is ......R Reason R : The efficiency of Carnot’s engine depends not only on
(R is the universal gas constant) temperature of cold reservoir but it depends on
( ) the temperature of
(A) 750 (B) 175 hot reservoir too and is given as η = 1 − TT21 .
(C) 500 (D) 250 In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer
from the options given below
(A) A is true but R is false
(84) A gas is compressed from a volume of 2 m3 to a volume of 1 m3 at a
constant pressure of 100 N /m2 . Then it is heated at constant (B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of
volume by supplying 150 J of energy. As a result, the internal A
energy of the gas (C) A is false but R is true
(A) increases by 250 J (B) decreases by 250 J (D) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(C) increases by 50 J (D) decreases by 50 J
(90) The thermodynamic process, in which internal energy of the system
remains constant is ...........
(85) A heat engine operates between a cold reservoir at temperature (A) Isochoric (B) Isothermal
T2 = 400 K and a hot reservoir at temperature T1 . It takes 300 J of
(C) Adiabatic (D) Isobaric
heat from the hot reservoir and delivers 240 J of heat to the cold
reservoir in a cycle. The minimum temperature of the hot reservoir (91) A sample of an ideal gas is taken through the cyclic process ABCA
has to be ....K as shown in figure. It absorbs, 40 J of heat during the part AB, no
(A) 400 (B) 500 heat during BC and rejects 60 J of heat during CA. A work 50 J is
done on the gas during the part BC. The internal energy of the gas
(C) 300 (D) 100
at A is 1560 J. The work done by the gas during the part CA
is.............J
(86) Consider two containers A and B containing monoatomic gases at
the same Pressure (P ), Volume (V ) and Temperature (T ). The gas
in A is compressed isothermally to 81 of its original volume while the
gas B is compressed adiabatically to 81 of its original volume. The
ratio of final pressure of gas in B to that of gas in A is ...........
(A) 8 (B) 8 2
3

(C) 1
8
(D) 4

(A) 20 (B) 30
(87) A thermodynamic system is taken from an original state D to an
(C) −30 (D) −60
intermediate state E by the linear process shown in the figure. Its
volume is then reduced to the original volume from E to F by an (92) The initial pressure and volume of an ideal gas are P0 and V0 . The
isobaric process. The total work done by the gas from D to E to F final pressure of the gas when the gas is suddenly compressed to
will be ......J volume V40 will be (Given γ = ratio of specific heats at constant

8
 pressure and at constant volume)
1
(A) P0 (4) γ (B) P0 (4)γ
(C) P0 (D) 4P0
(93) A Carnot’s engine works as a refrigerator between 250 K and
300 K. It receives 500 cal heat from the reservoir at the lower
temperature. The amount of work done in each cycle to operate the
refrigerator is ..... J
(A) 420 (B) 2100
(C) 772 (D) 2520
(94) An ideal gas at atmospheric pressure is adiabatically compressed so
that its density becomes 32 times of its initial value. If the final
pressure of gas is 128 atmosphers, the value of γ the gas is
(A) 1.5 (B) 1.4
(C) 1.3 (D) 1.6
(95) A balloon filled with helium (32 C and 1.7 atm.) bursts.
◦

Immediately afterwards the expansion of helium can be considered

as
(A) Irreversible isothermal
(B) Irreversible adiabatic
(C) Reversible adiabatic
(D) Reversible isothermal
(96) A Carnot engine, having an efficiency of η = 1/10 as heat engine, is
used as a refrigerator. If the work done on the system is 10 J, the
amount of energy absorbed from the reservoir at lower
temperature is ....... J
(A) 100 (B) 99
(C) 90 (D) 1
(97) A heat engine is involved with exchange of heat of 1915 J,
−40 J, +125 J and −Q J, during one cycle achieving an efficiency
of 50.0%. The value of Q is.......J
(A) 640 (B) 400
(C) 980 (D) 40
(98) In a carnot engine, the temperature of reservoir is 527◦ C and that
of sink is 200 K. If the workdone by the engine when it transfers
heat from reservoir to sink is 12000 kJ, the quantity of heat
absorbed by the engine from reservoir is ×106 J
(A) 16 (B) 26
(C) 36 (D) 46
(99) A thermodynamic system is taken from an original state A to an
intermediate state B by a linear process as shown in the figure. It’s
volume is then reduced to the original value from B to C by an
isobaric process. The total work done by the gas from A to B and B
to C would be :

(A) 33800 J (B) 2200 J

(C) 800 J (D) 1200 J
(100) A reversible engine converts one-sixth of the heat input into work.
When the temperature of the sink is reduced by 62o C, the
efficiency of the engine is doubled. The temperatures of the source
and sink are
(A) 80o C, 37o C (B) 95o C, 28o C
(C) 90o C, 37o C (D) 99o C, 37o C

9
 ACHIEVE SCIENCE ACADEMY
Subject : Physics Paper Set : 1
JEE Date : 17-02-2025
Standard : 11
Total Mark : 400 (Answer Key) Time : 1H:0M

Physics - Section A (MCQ)

1-B 2-C 3-C 4-D 5-D 6-C 7-D 8-A 9-D 10 - A

11 - A 12 - A 13 - A 14 - A 15 - B 16 - D 17 - D 18 - B 19 - A 20 - D
21 - A 22 - B 23 - A 24 - C 25 - D 26 - D 27 - D 28 - B 29 - D 30 - B
31 - A 32 - A 33 - A 34 - D 35 - D 36 - B 37 - B 38 - A 39 - B 40 - C
41 - C 42 - B 43 - D 44 - A 45 - A 46 - A 47 - A 48 - B 49 - C 50 - B
51 - C 52 - B 53 - D 54 - D 55 - A 56 - C 57 - C 58 - D 59 - C 60 - A
61 - D 62 - B 63 - A 64 - D 65 - C 66 - B 67 - A 68 - D 69 - D 70 - D
71 - A 72 - D 73 - A 74 - A 75 - D 76 - A 77 - C 78 - C 79 - B 80 - B
81 - B 82 - C 83 - C 84 - A 85 - B 86 - D 87 - B 88 - B 89 - D 90 - B
91 - B 92 - B 93 - A 94 - B 95 - B 96 - C 97 - C 98 - A 99 - C 100 - D

10
 ACHIEVE SCIENCE ACADEMY
Subject : Physics Paper Set : 1
JEE Date : 17-02-2025
Standard : 11
Total Mark : 400 (Solutions) Time : 1H:0M

( )γ ( )
Physics - Section A (MCQ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
p1 d1 1 7/5
................
1
p2
= d2
= 32
= 128
T1 P1 V1 1 1
T2
= P2 V2
= 128
32 = 4
(1) n− moles of an ideal gas with constant volume heat capacity Cv (4) A thermodynamic cycle xyzx is shown on a V − T diagram.
undergo an isobaric expansion by certain volume. The ratio of the The P − V diagram that best describes this cycle is
work done in the process, to the heat supplied is (Diagrams are schematic and not to scale)
(A) nR
Cv −nR
(B) nR
Cv +nR

(C) 4nR
Cv +nR
(D) 4nR
Cv −nR

Solution:(Correct Answer:B)
w = nR∆T
∆H = (Cv + nR) ∆T
ω
∆H
= CvnR+nR

(2) One mole of a diatomic ideal gas undergoes a cyclic process ABC
as shown in figure. The process BC is adiabatic. The temperatures (A) (B)
at A, B and C are 400 K, 800 K and 600 K respectively. Choose
the correct statement

(C) (D)

Solution:(Correct Answer:D)
x → y ⇒ Isobaric
(A) The change in internal energy in the process CA is 700 R y → z ⇒ Isochoric
(B) The change in internal energy in the process AB is −350R z → x ⇒ Isothermal

(C) The change in internal energy in the process BC is −500R

(D) The change in internal energy in whole cyclic process is 250R

Solution:(Correct Answer:C)
In cyclic process, change in total internal energy is zero.
∆Ucyclic = 0
∆UBC = nCv ∆T = 1 × 5R 2
∆T
W here, Cv = molar specif ic heat at constant volume. (5) A Carnot engine operating between two reservoirs has efficiency 13 .
F or BC, ∆T = −200K When the temperature of cold reservoir raised by x, its efficiency
∴ ∆UBC = −500R decreases to 61 . The value of x, if the temperature of hot reservoir is
( ) 99◦ C, will be ........ K
(3) The pressure P1 and density d1 of diatomic gas γ = 75 changes (A) 16.5 (B) 33
suddenly to P2 (> P1 ) and d2 respectively during an adiabatic
process. The temperature of the gas increases and (C) 66 (D) 62
) becomes ......
times of its initial temperature.( given dd21 = 32 Solution:(Correct Answer:D)
TH = 99◦ C = 99 + 273
(A) 5 (B) 2 = 372 K
(C) 4 (D) 0 1 − TTH
C
= 13
Solution:(Correct Answer:C)
TC
TH
= 2
3
(1) ⇒ TC = 2
3
× 372
P (V γ )= const d = m 1 − TH = 16
TC +X
v
= const
γ
p m d
5
6
= TCTH
+X

p
dγ
= const dd21 = 32 5
6
= 248+X
372

11
 248 + X = 5 × 62 (10) The P − V diagram of a diatomic ideal gas system going under
X = 310 − 248 = 62 K cyclic process as shown in figure. The work done during an
adiabatic process CD is (use γ = 1.4) (in J)
(6) Two ideal Carnot engines operate in cascade (all heat given up by
one engine is used by the other engine to produce work) between
temperatures, T1 and T2 . The temperature of the hot reservoir of
the first engine is T1 and the temperature of the cold reservoir of
the second engine is T2 .T is temperature of the sink of first engine
which is also the source for the second engine. How is T related to
T1 and T2 , if both the engines perform equal amount of work?
1 T2
√
(A) T = T2T 1 +T2
(B) T = T1 T2
T1 +T2
(C) T = 2
(D) T = 0

Solution:(Correct Answer:C)
QH
QL
= TT1 and W = QH − QL
QL
Q′L
= TT2 and W = QL − QL
From (1) and (2)
(A) −500 (B) −400
we get T = T1 +T
2
2

(C) 400 (D) 200

(7) Consider the efficiency of Carnot’s engine is given by Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
αβ
η = sin loge kT
βx
, where α and β are constants. If T is temperature,
θ
Adiabatic process is from C to D
k is Boltzman constant, θ is angular displacement and x has the 2 −P1 V1
W D = P2 V1−γ
dimensions of length. Then, choose the incorrect option. PD VD −PC VC
(A) Dimensions of β is same as that of force. = 1−γ
= 200(3)−(100)(4)
(B) Dimensions of α−1 x is same as that of energy. 1−1.4
= −500 J
(C) Dimensions of η −1 sin θ is same as that of αβ
(D) Dimensions of α is same as that of β (11) For an ideal heat engine, the temperature of the source is 127 ◦ C. In
order to have 60 % efficiency the temperature of the sink should be
Solution:(Correct Answer:D) ........ ◦ C. (Round off to the Nearest Integer)
= [η]] = [sin θ] = Dimensionless (A) − 113 (B) 121
[[αβ]
η −1 sin θ = [αβ] = D.L. (C) 107 (D) 128

(8) In a process, temperature and volume of one mole of an ideal Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
monoatomic gas are varied according to the relation V T = K, n = 0.60 = 1 = TTHL

where I is a constant. In this process the temperature of the gas is TL

= 0.4 ⇒ TL = 0.4 × 400
increased by ∆T . The amount of heat absorbed by gas is (R is gas
TH
= 160 K
constant) = −113 ◦ C
(A) 1
R∆T (B) 1
KR∆T
(12) A litre of dry air at ST P expands adiabatically to a volume of 3
2 2
(C) 3
2
R∆T (D) 2K
3
∆T litres. If γ = 1.40, the work done by air is(31.4 = 4.6555) [Take air to
Solution:(Correct Answer:A) be an ideal gas ]
VT = K ( ) (A) 90.5 J (B) 48 J
⇒ V PV nR
=k (C) 60.7 J (D) 100.8 J
⇒ PV2 = K
∵ C = 1−x R
+ Cv (For polytropic process) Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
R
C = 1−2 + 3R = 2R W = nR(Tγ−1
1 −T2 )
= P1 V10.4
−P2 V2
2
∴ ∆Q = nC∆T
100 ×3
100− 4.6555
W = 0.4
= 88.90 J

(9) The given figure represents two isobaric processes for the same (13) If one mole of an ideal gas at (P1 , V1 ) is allowed to expand
mass of an ideal gas, then reversibly and isothermally (A to B ) its pressure is reduced to
one-half of the original pressure (see f igure). This is followed by a
constant volume cooling till its pressure is reduced to one-fourth of
the initial value (B → C). Then it is restored to its initial state by a
reversible adiabatic compression (C to A). The net workdone by the
gas is equal to ...... .

(A) P2 ≥ P1 (B) P2 > P1

(C) P1 = P2 (D) P1 > P2

Solution:(Correct Answer:D)
PV =( nRT
)
V = nR P T ( )
Slope = nRP
(A) RT ln 2 − 1
2(γ−1)
(B) − 2(γ−1)
RT

Slope ∝ 1P
(C) 0 (D) RT ln 2
( Slope )2 > ( Slope )1
P2 < P1 Solution:(Correct Answer:A)

12
 A − B = isothermal
[ process
] η= T2
T1
= Q
Q1
2
= Q1Q−W
1
(∵ W = Q1 − Q2 )
WAB = P1 V1 ln 2V V1
1
= P1 V1 ln(2) 400
800
= 1 − Q1W

B − C → Isochoric process W
Q1
= 1 − 21 = 12
WBC = 0 Q1 = 2W = 2400J
C − A → Adiabatic process
P
P V − 41 ×2V1 P1 V1 [1− 1
2] P1 V1 (18) A thermodynamic system is taken through cyclic process. The total
WCA = 1 1 1−γ = = 2(1−γ)
1−γ work done in the process is ......... J
Wnet = WAB + WBC + WCA {P1 V1 = RT }
= P1 V1 ln(2) + 0 + 2(1−γ)
P1 V1
[ ]
Wnet = RT ln(2) − 2(γ−1) 1

(14) Heat energy of 735 J is given to a diatomic gas allowing the gas to
expand at constant pressure. Each gas molecule rotates around an
internal axis but do not oscillate. The increase in the internal energy
of the gas will be .......... J
(A) 525 (B) 441
(C) 572 (D) 735
Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
(A) 100 (B) 300
(15) Three Carnot engines operate in series between a heat source at a (C) 0 (D) 200
temperature T1 and a heat sink at temperature T4 (see figure).
Solution:(Correct Answer:B)
There are two other reservoirs at temperature T2 and T3 , as shown,
with T1 > T2 > T3 > T4 . The three engines are equally efficient if On P − V scale area of loop = work done
⇒ W = + 12 (2) × 300
W = 300 J

(19) An electric appliance supplies 6000 J/min heat to the system. If

the system delivers a power of 90 W . How long (in sec) it would
take to increase the internal energy by 2.5 × 103 J ?
(A) 250 (B) 410
(C) 300 (D) 150
Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
∆Q = ∆U + ∆W
∆Q
∆t
= ∆U
∆t
+ ∆W
∆t
6000 J 3
( )1/3 60 sec
= 2.5×10 + 90
(A) T2 1/2 ∆t
= (T1 T4 ) ; T3 = T12 T4 ∆t = 250 sec
( )1/3 ( )1/3
(B) T2 = T12 T4 ; T3 = T1 T42
( )1/3 ( )1/3 (20) A source supplies heat to a system at the rate of 1000 W . If the
(C) T2 = T1 T42 ; T3 = T12 T4 system performs work at a rate of 200 W . The rate at which internal
( )1/4 ( )1/4 energy of the system increases ....... W
(D) T2 = T13 T4 ; T3 = T1 T43
(A) 1200 (B) 600
Solution:(Correct Answer:B) (C) 500 (D) 800
n1 = n2 = n3
Solution:(Correct Answer:D)
⇒ 1 − TT21 = 1 − TT32 = 1 − T4
T3
dQ = dU + dw
⇒ TT21 = TT32 = TT43 dU
dt
= dQ
dt
− dw
dt
T2
⇒ T2 T3 = T1 T4 and 3
T2
= T4 dU
= 1000 − 200 = 800 W
dt
Solve for T2 and T3
(21) Given below are two statement
(16) A monoatomic ideal gas, initially at temperature T1 , is enclosed in a Statement −I : What µ amount of an ideal gas undergoes adiabatic
cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston. The gas is allowed to change from state (P1 , V1 , T1 ) to state (P2 , V2 , T2 ), the work done
expand adiabatically to a temperature. T2 by releasing the piston is W = 1R(T 2 −T1 )
, where γ = C CP
and R = universal gas constant,
suddenly. If L1 and L2 are the lengths of the gas column before and 1−γ
Statement −II : In the above case. when work is done on the gas.
V

after expansion respectively, then T1 /T2 is given by the temperature of the gas would rise.
( )2/3
(A) L 1 (B) L
L2
1
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
L2
( )2/3 (A) Both statement −I and statement −II are true.
(C) L 2 (D) L 2
L
1 L1 (B) Both statement −I and statement −II are false.
Solution:(Correct Answer:D) (C) Statement −I is true but statement −II is false.
(d)
( ) γ−1 ( ) 5 −1 ( )2 (D) Statement −I is false but statement −II is true.
3 3
T1 V1 γ−1 = T2 V2 γ−1 ⇒ T1
= V2
= L2 A
= L2
Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
T2 V1 L1 A L1

(17) A Carnot’s engine working between 400 K and 800 K has a work Wadiabatic =
N R(Tf −Ti )
→ statment 1
1−γ
output of 1200 J per cycle. The amount of heat energy supplied to Q = W + ∆U
the engine from the source in each cycle is ........... J 0 = W + ∆U
(A) 3200 (B) 1800 ∆U = −W
If work is done on the gas, i.e. work is negative
(C) 1600 (D) 2400
∴ ∆U is positive.
Solution:(Correct Answer:D) ∴ Temperature will increase.

13
(22) Under isothermal condition, the pressure of a gas is given by
P = aV −3 , where a is a constant and V is the volume of the gas.
The bulk modulus at constant temperature is equal to .......... P
(A) 0.5 (B) 3
(C) 2 (D) 1

Solution:(Correct Answer:B)
B = − dv/v
dP

3
Pv = a
Differentiating w.r.t to pressure
v 3 + P 3v 2 dP
dv
=0
v = −3 dP = 0
P dv
(A) 30012 (B) 2147
v = −3 PdP dv
dP.v
= (−3P ) (C) 834 (D) 17258
dv
B = − dP = −(−3P ) = 3P Solution:(Correct Answer:D)
v
dv
Process of isothermal
( )
W = nRT ln VV21
(23) One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is taken along the path 1 × 8.3 × 300 × ln 2
ABCA as shown in the P V diagram. The maximum temperature = 17258 × 10−1 J
attained by the gas along the path BC is given by (26) A Carnot freezer takes heat from water at 0 o C inside it and rejects
it to the room at a temperature of 27 o C. The latent heat of ice is
336 × 103 J kg −1 . lf 5 kg of water at 0 o C is converted into ice at
0 o C by the freezer, then the energy consumed by the freezer is
close to
(A) 1.51 × 105 J (B) 1.68 × 106 J
(C) 1.71 × 107 J (D) 1.67 × 105 J
Solution:(Correct Answer:D)
(A) 25 P0 V0
8 R
(B) 25 P0 V0
4 R
∆H = mL = 5 × 336 × 103 = Qsink
Qsink
− TTsource
sink
(C) 25 P0 V0
16 R
(D) 5 P0 V0
8 R
Qsource
∴ Qsource = TTsource × Qsink
Energy consumed by freezer
sink

∴ Woutput
( = Qsource )− Qsink
Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
= Qsink Tsource
−1
Equation of the BC Tsink
Given : Tsource = 27◦ C + 273 = 300K,
p = p0 − 2P 0
(V − 2V0 )
V0
Tsink = 0◦ C + 273 = 273(K
using=P V = nRT )
2P0 V 2 Woutput = 5 × 336 × 103 300
273
− 1 = 1.67 × 105 J
P0 V − +4P0 V
Temperature,T = V0
1×R (27) 300 cal. of heat is given to a heat engine and it rejects 225 cal. of
(n = 1 mole
[ given)] 2 heat. If source temperature is 227◦ C, then the temperature of sink
T = P0
R
5V −
2V
V0 will be____◦ C.
= 0 ⇒ 5 − 4V ⇒ V = 54 V0 (A) 107 (B) 99
dT
=0
dV [ V 0 ]
T = PR0 5 × 5V40 − V20 × 25 (C) 100 (D) 102
P0 V0 .
V 2 = 25
16 0 8 R

Solution:(Correct Answer:D)
1− QQ2
1
= 1 − TT21
Q2
(24) A Carnot engine take 5000 k cal of heat from a reservoir at 727 ◦ C Q1
= TT12
and gives heat to a sink at 127 ◦ C. The work done by the engine is 225
300
T2
= 500
.......... × 106 J 500×225
300
= T2
(A) 3 (B) 0 375 = T2
102◦ C = T2
(C) 12.6 (D) 8.4
(28) Which one is the correct option for the two different
thermodynamic processes ?
Solution:(Correct Answer:C)
L= W D
QH ( )
⇒ W D = QH 1 − TTH L

( )
= 5 × 103 1 − 1000
400

= 3000 kcal
= 12.6 × 106 J

(25) One mole of an ideal gas at 27◦ C is taken from A to B as shown in

the given P V indicator diagram. The work done by the system will
be ...... × 10−1 J
[Given : R = 8.3 J/ mole K, ln 2 = 0.6931 ] (Round off to the
nearest integer)

14
 (A) (c) and (a) (B) (c) and (d)
(C) (a) only (D) (b) and (c)
Solution:(Correct Answer:B)
Option (a) is wrong ; since in adiabatic process V ̸= constant
Option (b) is wrong, since in isothermal process
T = constant
Option (c) and (d) matches isothermes and adiabatic formula :
T V γ−1 = constant and pTγ−1 = constant
γ

(29) 200 g water is heated from 40 o C to 60 o C. Ignoring the slight (A) 40 (B) 80
expansion of water, the change in its internal energy is close to ......
(C) 100 (D) 20
kJ (Given specific heat of water = 4184 J/kgK )
(A) 167.4 (B) 8.4 Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
(C) 4.2 (D) 16.7 As temperature at point A and C is same.
Solution:(Correct Answer:D) ∴ Internal energy change will be same.
Q − W = Q ′ − W′
Volume of water does not change, no work is done on or by the
60 − 30 = Q′ − 10
system (W = 0)
Q′ = 40J
According to first law of thermodynamics
Q = ∆U + W
For Isochoric process Q = ∆U (33) 1 g of a liquid is converted to vapour at 3 × 105 P a pressure. If 10%
∆U = µcdT = 2 × 4184 × 20 = 16.7 kJ. of the heat supplied is used for increasing the volume by 1600 cm3
during this phase change, then the increase in internal energy in the
(30) A Carnot engine absorbs 1000 J of heat energy from a reservoir at process will be ............ J
127 o C and rejects 600 J of heat energy during each cycle. The (A) 4320 (B) 432000
efficiency of engine and temperature of sink will be
(C) 4800 (D) 4..32
(A) 20% and −43 o C (B) 40% and −33 o C
(C) 50% and −20 o C (D) 70% and −10 o C Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
Solution:(Correct Answer:B) Work done = P ∆V
Given: Q1 = 1000J = 3 × 105 × 1600 × 10−6
Q2 = 600J = 480 J
T1 = 127◦ C = 400 K Only 10% of heat is used in work done.
T2 =? Hence ∆Q = 4800 J
η =? The rest goes in internal energy, which is 90 % of heat.
Efficiency of carnot engine, Change in internal energy = 0.9 × 4800 = 4320 J
η= Q W
1
× 100%
or, η = Q2Q−Q 1
× 100% (34) The given diagram shows four processes i.e., isochoric, isobaric,
isothermal and adiabatic. The correct assignment of the processes,
1
or, η = 1000 × 100%
1000−600

η = 40% in the same order is given by

Q2
N ow, f or carnot cycle Q1
= TT21
600 T2
1000
= 400
T2 = 600×400
1000
= 240 K = 240 − 273
∴ T2 = −33◦ C
(31) The heat absorbed by a system in going through the given cyclic
process is:

(A) a d c b (B) a d b c
(C) d a c b (D) d a b c

Solution:(Correct Answer:D)
isochoric → Process d
Isobaric → Process a
Adiabatic slope will be more than isothermal so
(A) 61.6 J (B) 431.2 J Isothermal → Process b
Adiabatic→ Process c
(C) 616 J (D) 19.6 J
Order → d a b c
Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
∆U = 0 (Cyclic process) (35) An ideal gas in a cylinder is separated by a piston in such a way that
∆Q = W = area of P − V curve. the entropy of one part is S1 and that of the other part is S2 . Given
( ) ( )
= π × 140 × 103 Pa × 140 × 10−6 m3 that S1 > S2 . If the piston is removed then the total entropy of the
∆Q = 61.6 J system will be :
(A) S1 × S2 (B) S1 − S2
(32) A gas can be taken from A to B via two different processes ACB
and ADB. When path ACB is used 60 J of heat flows into the (C) S1
S2
(D) S1 + S2
system and 30 J of work is done by the system. If path ADB is
used work down by the system is 10 J. the heat flow into the Solution:(Correct Answer:D)
system in path ADB is ..... J

15
 Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
Efficiency of heat engine is given by
η= W Q
=1− C V
CP
= CRP = 5R R
= 52
2
(CP − CV = R)
For monoatomic gas CP = 52 R.

(39) A diatomic gas, having Cp = 72 R and Cv = 52 R, is heated at

constant pressure. The ratio dU : dQ : dW :
(A) 5 : 7 : 3 (B) 5 : 7 : 2
(C) 3 : 7 : 2 (D) 3 : 5 : 2
(36) An ideal gas goes through a reversible cycle a → b → c → d has the
V − T diagram shown below. Process d → a and b → c are Solution:(Correct Answer:B)
adiabatic.... The corresponding P − V diagram for the process is (all dU = nCv dT
figures are schematic and not drawn to scale) dQ = nCp dT
dW = P dV = nRdT (isobaric process)
dU : dQ : dW : Cv : Cp : R
= 5R
2
: 7R
2
·R=5:7:2

(40) The above P − V diagram represents the thermodynamic cycle of

an engine, operating with an ideal monatomic gas. The amount of
heat, extracted from the source in a single cycle is

(A) (B)

(A) 4P0 V0 (B) P0 V0

( ) ( )
(C) (D) (C) 13 P0 V0 (D) 11 P0 V0
2 2

Solution:(Correct Answer:C)
Heat
[ given to ]system =[ (nCV ∆T )]A→B + (nCP ∆T )B→C
= 23 (nR∆T ) A→B + 52 (nR∆T ) B→C
[ ] [ ]
= 32 × V0 ∆P A→B + 52 × 2P0 × V0
13
= 2 P0 V0

(41) A Carnot engine operates between two reservoirs of temperatures

Solution:(Correct Answer:B) 900 K and 300 K The engine performs 1200 J of work per cycle. The
In V T graph heat energy (in J ) delivered by the engine to the low temperature
ab − process : Isobaric, temperature increases. reservoir, in a cycle. is
bc process : Adiabatic pressure decreases. (A) 450 (B) 500
cd process : Isobaric volume decreases.
(C) 600 (D) 650
da process : Adiabatic, pressure increases.
The above processes correctly respresented in P − V diagram (b) .
Solution:(Correct Answer:C)
(37) Let η1 is the efficiency of an engine at T1 = 447◦ C and for carnot engine
T2 = 147◦ C while η2 is the efficiency at T1 = 947◦ C and Q1
= TT21
Q2
T2 = 47◦ C. The ratio ηη21 will be. Q+1200
= 900
Q 300
(A) 0.41 (B) 0.56 Q + 1200 = 3Q
Q = 600J
(C) 0.73 (D) 0.70
Solution:(Correct Answer:B)
Efficiency η = 1 − TTH
L

η1 = 1 − 447+273 = 1 − 420
147+273
720
300
η1 = 720
η2 = 1 − 947+273
47+273
= 1 − 1220
320

900
η2 = 1220
η1
η
= 300
720
× 1220
900
122
= 72×3
η2
1
η2
= 0.56

(38) The ratio of work done by an ideal monoatomic gas to the heat
supplied to it in an isobaric process is
(A) 0.4 (B) 1.5
(42) Match List−I with List−II
(C) 0.6 (D) 0.67

16
 List−I List−II the work done by the gas in the process is:
√ √
(A) RT[2 − 2] (B) RT [2 − 2]
(a) Isothermal (i) Pressure constant √ √
(C) RT[2 + 2] (D) R
T
[2 + 2]
(b) Isochoric (ii) Temperature con-
stant Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
TVγ−1 = constant
(c) Adiabatic (iii) Volume constant
⇒ T(V) 2 −1 = Tf (2 V) 2 −1
3 3

(d) Isobaric (iv) Heat content is ⇒ TV 2 = Tf (2) 2 ( V) 2

1 1 1

constant ( )
⇒ Tf = √T2
Choose the correct answer from the options given below [ ]
1·R √T −T
(A) (a) → (i), (b) → (iii), (c) → (ii), (d) → (iv) Now, W.D. = nR∆T
= 3
2
1−γ 1− 2
(B) (a) → (ii), (b) → (iii), (c) → (iv), (d) → (i) [ ]
⇒ W.D. = 2RT 1 − √12
(C) (a) → (ii), (b) → (iv), (c) → (iii), (d) → (i) √
⇒ W.D. = RT[2 − 2]
(D) (a) → (iii), (b) → (ii), (c) → (i), (d) → (iv)
(46) An engine operates by taking a monatomic ideal gas through the
Solution:(Correct Answer:B)
cycle shown in the figure. The percentage efficiency of the engine is
(a) Isothermal ⇒ Temperature constant close to .......%
(a) → (ii)
(b) Isochoric ⇒ Volume constant
(a) → (iii)
(c) Adiabatic ⇒ ∆Q = 0
⇒ Heat content is constant
(c) → (iv)
(d) Isobaric ⇒ Pressure constant
(d) → (i)
(43) A sample of an ideal gas is taken through the cyclic process abca as
shown in the figure. The change in the internal energy of the gas
along the path ca is −180 J. The gas absorbs 250 J of heat along
the path ab and 60 J along the path bc. The work done by the gas (A) 19 (B) 25
along the path abc is ..... J (C) 27 (D) 30
Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
WABCDA = 2P0 V0
Qin = QAB + QBC
QAB = nC (TB − TA )
= n3R2
(TB − TA )
= 32 (PB VB − PA VA )
= 32 (3PB V0 = P0 V0 ) = 3P0 V0
QBC = nCP (TC − TB )
= n5R2
(TC − TB )
= 52 (PC VC − PB VB )
(A) 120 (B) 100 = 25 (6P0 V0 − 3P0 V0 ) = 15 P V
2 0 0
(C) 140 (D) 130 η = QWin × 100 = 3P V2P+015 × 100
V0
0 0 P V 2 0 0

Solution:(Correct Answer:D) η = 400

21
= 19.04 ≈ 19
η = 19
∆E ∆W ∆Q
ab 250
bc 0 60
ca −180

(44) One mole of an ideal gas is taken through an adiabatic process

where the temperature rises from 27◦ C to 37◦ C. If the ideal gas is
composed of polyatomic molecule that has 4 vibrational modes
which of the following is true?
(A) Work done on the gas is close to 582 J
(B) Work done by the gas is close to 332 J (47) A reversible engine has an efficiency of 14 . If the temperature of the
(C) Work done by the gas is close to 582 J sink is reduced by 58◦ C, its efficiency becomes double. Calculate
the temperature of the sink. (In ◦ C)
(D) Work done on the gas is close to 332 J
(A) 174 (B) 280
Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
(C) 180.4 (D) 382
For an ideal gas, each vibrational mode, corresponds to two
degrees of freedom, hence, f = 3 (trans.) +3( rot. ) + 8( vib. ) = 14 Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
γ = 1 + f2 T2 = sink temperature
γ = 1 + 142
= 87 η = 1 − TT21
W = γ−1 = −582
nR∆T 1
4
= 1 − TT21
As W < 0. Work is done on the gas. T2
= 34 . . . (i)
T1

(45) A sample of 1 mole gas at temperature T is adiabatically expanded

1
2
= 1 − T2T−58 1
to double its volume. If adiabatic constant for the gas is γ = 23 , then T2
T1
− T581 = 21

17
 3
4
= T581 + 12 W ork − done (W ) = P0 V0
1
= T581 ⇒ T1 = 232 According to principle of calorimetry
4
T2 = 34 × 232 Heat given= QAB = QBC
T2 = 174 K = nCV dTAB + nCp dTBC
= 32 (nRTB − nRTA ) + 52 (nRTC − nRTB )
(48) Two moles of an ideal monoatomic gas occupies a volume V at = 32 (2P0 V0 − P0 V0 ) + 25 (4P0 V0 − 2P.0 V0 )
27o C. The gas expands adiabatically to a volume 2 V . Calculate (a) = 13 P V
2 0 0
the final temperature of the gas and (b) change in its internal Thermal efficiency of engine (η)
W 2
energy. = Qgiven = 13 = 0.15
(A) (a) 195 K (b) −2.7 kJ (B) (a) 189 K (b) −2.7 kJ (51) In a certain thermodynamical process, the pressure of a gas
(C) (a) 195 K (b) 2.7 kJ (D) (a) 189 K (b) 2.7 kJ depends on its volume as kV 3 . The work done when the
temperature changes from 100◦ C to 300◦ C will be .......... nR, where
Solution:(Correct Answer:B) n denotes number of moles of a gas.
In an adiabatic process (A) 25 (B) 40
T V γ−1 = constant or T1 V1 γ−1 = T2 V2 γ−1
For monoatomic gas γ = 53 (C) 50 (D) 60
(300) V 2/3 = T2 (2V )2/3 ⇒ T2 = (2)
300 Solution:(Correct Answer:C)
2/3

T2 = 189 K (f inal temperature) P = kV 3

Change Ti = 100◦ C
( ) in
( internal
) energy ∆U = n f2 R ∆T
Tf = 300◦ C
= 2 23 25 (−111) = −2.7 kJ
3
∆T = 300 − 100
(49) Thermodynamic process is shown below on a P − V diagram for ∆T = 200◦ C
one mole of an ideal gas. If V2 = 2V1 then the ratio of temperature P = kV 3
T2 /T1 is ...... . now P V = nRT
∴ kV 4 = nRT
now 4kV 3 dV = nRdT
∴ P dV = nRdT
∫ /4 ∫
∴ Work = P dV = nRdT 4
= nR
4
∆T
= 200
4
× nR = 50nR
(52) A reversible heat engine converts one-fourth of the heat input into
work. When the temperature of the sink is reduced by 52 K, its
efficiency is doubled. The temperature in Kelvin of the source will
be ...... .
(A) 1
2
(B) 2 (A) 256 (B) 208
√
(C) 2 (D) √1
2 (C) 104 (D) 52
Solution:(Correct Answer:C) Solution:(Correct Answer:B)
P V 1/2 = c η = 41 = 1 − TT21
nRT
V
V 1/2 = c T2
T1
= 34
T = c1(V 1/2 T2 −52
)1/2 ( )1/2 T1
= 21
T2
= VV21 = 2V 1
T1
√
V1 (53) A sample of gas at temperature T is adiabatically expanded to
double its volume. The work done by the gas in the process is (
T2
T1
= 2 )
given, γ = 32 :
√ √
(A) W = T R[ 2 − 2] (B) W = RT
[ 2 − 2]
√ √
(C) W = R T
[2 − 2] (D) W = RT [2 − 2]
Solution:(Correct Answer:D)
T1 V1γ−1 = T2 V2γ−1
T V 1/2 = T2 (2V )1/2
T2 = √T2
( )
R(T1 −T2 ) R T−√ T √
W = = 2
= RT (2 − 2)
(50) An engine operates by taking n moles of an ideal gas through the γ−1
2
1

cycle ABCDA shown in figure. The thermal efficiency of the (54) n mole a perfect gas undergoes a cyclic process ABCA (see figure)
engine is : (Take Cv = 1.5 R, where R is gas constant) consisting of the following processes.
A → B : Isothermal expansion at temperature T so that the volume
is doubled from V1 to V2 = 2V1 and pressure changes from P1 to P2
B → C : Isobaric compression at pressure P2 to initial volume V1
C → A : Isochoric change leading to change of pressure from P2 to
P1
Total workdone in the complete cycle ABCA is

(A) 0.24 (B) 0.15

(C) 0.32 (D) 0.08
Solution:(Correct Answer:B)

18
 ( )
(A) 0 (B) nRT ln 2 + 12 Solution:(Correct Answer:D)
( ) Efficiency of an engine, η = 1 − TT21
(C) nRT In2 (D) nRT ln 2 − 12
where T1 is the temperature of the source and T2 is the
Solution:(Correct Answer:D) temperature of the sink.
( )
WIsothermal = nRT ln vv21 ∴ 16 = 1 − TT12 or, TT21 = 56 ...(i)
where the temperature of the sink is decreased by 62◦ C (or 62 K) ,
WIsobaric = P ∆V = nR∆T
efficiency becomes double.
WIsochoric = 0 ( )
Since, the temperature of the source remains unchanged
W1 = nRT( ln 2V V )
= nRT ln 2
∴ 2 × 16 = 1 − (T2T−62) or, 13 = 1 − (T2T−62)
W2 = nR T2 − T = −nR T2 −62
1 1
or, 23 = 2T1 or, 2T1 = 3T2 − 186
T
W3 = 0 [ ]
⇒ Wnet = W1( + W2 +) W3 or, 2T1 = 3 56 T1 − 186 [using(i)]
[5 ]
Wnet = nRT ln 2 − 21 ∴ 2 − 2 T1 = 186 or, T21 = 186
or, T1 = 372 K = 99◦ C.

(59) 0.08 kg air is heated at constant volume through 5◦ C. The specific

heat of air at constant volume is 0.17kcal/kg◦ C and J = 4.18 joule
/cal. The change in its internal energy is approximately.
(A) 318 J (B) 298 J
(C) 284 J (D) 142 J
Solution:(Correct Answer:C)
Q = ∆U as work done is zero [constant volume]
∆U = ms∆T
(55) A solid body of constant heat capacity 1 J/o C is being heated by = 0.08 × (170 × 4.18) × 5
keeping it in contact with reservoirs in two ways : ≃ 284 J
(i) Sequentially keeping in contact with 2 reservoirs such that each
reservoir supplies same amount of heat.
(60) Starting at temperature 300 K, one mole of an ideal diatomic gas
(ii) Sequentially keeping in contact with 8 reservoirs such that each
(γ = 1.4) is first compressed adiabatically from volume V1 to
reservoir supplies same amount of heat.
V2 = V161 . It is then allowed to expand isobarically to volume 2V2 · If
In both the cases body is brought from initial temperature 100o C to
all the processes are the quasi-static then the final temperature of
final temperature 200o C. Entropy change of the body in the two
the gas (in K) is (to the nearest integer)
cases respectively is :
(A) 1818 (B) 2020
(A) ln 2,ln 2 (B) ln 2,2ln 2
(C) 1576 (D) 1734
(C) 2 ln 2,8ln 2 (D) ln 2,4ln 2
Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
Solution:(Correct Answer:A) PVγ = constant
The entropy change of the body in the two cases is same as TVγ−1 = C ( V ) 7 −1
entropy is a state function. 300 × V 5 −1 = T2 16
7
5

300 × 24× 5 = T2
2

(56) A diatomic gas with rigid molecules does 10 J of work when

Isobaric process
expanded at constant pressure. What would be the heat energy
V = nRT
absorbed by the gas, in this process ..... J. P
V2 = kT2
(A) 40 (B) 30 2V2 = KTf
(C) 35 (D) 25
1
2
= TT2 ⇒ Tf = 2T2
f

Tf = 2 × 300 × 2 5 = 1818.85
8

Solution:(Correct Answer:C)
For a diatomic gas, Cp = 72 R (61) Given below are two statements:
since gas undergoes isobaric process Statement I : If heat is added to a system, its temperature must
⇒ ∆Q = n 72 R� T = 72 (nR∆ T ) = 35J increase.
Statement II : If positive work is done by a system in a
(57) During an adiabatic compression, 830 J of work is done on 2 moles thermodynamic process, its volume must increase.
of a diatomic ideal gas to reduce its volume by 50%. The change in In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer
its temperahture is nearly..... K (R = 8.3 J K −1 mol−1 ) from the options given below
(A) 40 (B) 33 (A) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(C) 20 (D) 14 (B) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(C) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
Solution:(Correct Answer:C)
Given : W ork done, W = 830J (D) Statement I is false but Statement II is true
no, of moles of gas, µ = 2 Solution:(Correct Answer:D)
For diatomic gas γ = 1.4
Statement I : ∆Q > 0
Work done during an adiabatic change
1 −T2 )
According to 1st law of thermodynamics
W = µR(T γ−1 ∆Q = ∆U + W
⇒ 830 = If ∆Q > 0, ∆U < 0 and W > 0 is also possible.
2×8.3(∆T )
1.4−1
= 2×8.3(∆T
0.4
)

⇒ ∆T = 830×0.4
2×8.3
= 20 K Hence ∆T < 0, so T decreases.
Statement I is false
(58) An engine has an efficiency of 1/6. When the temperature of sink is Statement
∫ II : W > 0
reduced by 62o C, its efficiency is doubled. Temperatures of the ∴ P dv > 0
source is ....... o C Therefore volume of system must increase during positive work
(A) 80 (B) 95 done by the system.
Statement II is true
(C) 90 (D) 99

19
(62) A Carnot engine with efficiency 50 % takes heat from a source at (65) A monoatomic gas at pressure P and volume V is suddenly
600 K. In order to increase the efficiency to 70 %, keeping the compressed to one eighth of its original volume. The final pressure
temperature of sink same, the new temperature of the source will at constant entropy will be .....P
be ......... K (A) 1 (B) 8
(A) 360 (B) 1000
(C) 32 (D) 64
(C) 900 (D) 300
Solution:(Correct Answer:B) Solution:(Correct Answer:C)
Initially η = 21 Constant entropy means process is adiabatic
P V γ = constant
η = 1 − TT21
V2 = V81
∴ 12 = 1 − 600 T2
⇒ T2 = 300 K P1 V1γ = P2 V2γ
⇒ 600 = 2
T2 1 ( )5/3
P1 V1γ = P2 V81
Now efficiency is increased to 70% and T2 = 300 K, Let temp of 5/3
P2 V1
source T1 = T
5/3
P1 V1 = 32
⇒ 10 7
= 1 − 300 T
P2 = 32P1
⇒ T = 1 − 10
300 7

⇒ T = 10 ∴ T = 1000 K
300 3
(66) A real gas within a closed chamber at 27◦ C undergoes the cyclic
process as shown in figure. The gas obeys P V 3 = RT equation for
the path A to B. The net work done in the complete cycle is
(assuming R = 8 J/molK ):
(A) 225 J (B) 205 J
(C) 20 J (D) −20 J

Solution:(Correct Answer:B)
∫
WAB = PdV (Assuming T to be constant)
∫
= RTdVV3
∫ 4 −3
= RT 2 V dV
( [ ])
= 8 × 300 × − 12 412 − 212
= 225 J
∫2
WBC = P 4
dV = 10(2 − 4) = −20 J
(63) Choose the correct statement for processes A & B shown in figure. WCA = 0
∴ Wcyck = 205 J
Note: Data is inconsistent in process AB.
So needs to be challenged.

(67) In 1st case, Carnot engine operates between temperatures 300 K

and 100 K. In 2nd case, as shown in the figure, a combination of
two engines is used. The efficiency of this combination (in 2ad case)
will be.
(A) PVγ = k for process B and PV = k for process A.
(B) PV = k for process B and A.
(C) P γ−1
Tγ
= k forprocess B and T = k for process A
(D) Tγ
P γ−1
= k for process A and P V = k for process B.

Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
Steeper curve (B) is adiabatic
Adiabatic
( T )r ⇒ PV = const.
′

Or P P = const.
Tv
Pv−1
= const.
Curve (A) is isothermal
T = const.
PV = const.

(64) A total of 48 J heat is given to one mole of helium kept in a cylinder.

The temperature of helium increases by 2◦ C. The work done by the
gas is : (Given, R = 8.3 J K−1 mol−1 .) (A) same as the 1st case
(A) 72.9 J (B) 24.9 J (B) always greater than the 1st case
(C) 48 J (D) 23.1 J (C) always less than the 1st case
Solution:(Correct Answer:D) (D) may increase or decrease with respect to the 1st case
1st law of thermodynamics
Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
∆Q = ∆U + W
⇒ +48 = nCv ∆T + W First case : η = 1 − 100
300
= 23
( ) Second case : ηnet = η1 + η2 − η1 η2
⇒ 48 = (1) 3R (2) + W
2 η1 = 1 − 200 = 13
⇒ W = 48 − 3 × R
300
η2 = 1 − 200 = 12
100

⇒ W = 48 − 3 × (8.3) ηnet = 13 + 21 − 16 = 23
⇒ W = 23.1 Joule η (first case) = η (second case)

20
(68) Starting with the same initial conditions, an ideal gas expands from (200)(1200)1.5 = P 2 (300)1.5
volume V1 to V2 in three different ways. The work done by the gas P2 = 200[4]3/2 = 1600kP ( a )
is W1 if the process is purely isothermal. W2 . if the process is purely | W.D. |= p2 v2v−1
−p1 v1
= 480−240
0.5
= 480J
adiabatic and W3 if the process is purely isobaric. Then, choose the
coned option (73) The pressure and volume of an ideal gas are related as PV3/2 = K
(A) W1 < W2 < W3 (B) W2 < W3 < W1 (Constant). The work done when the gas is taken from state
A (P1 , V1 , T1 ) to state B (P2 , V2 , T2 ) is :
(C) W3 < W1 < W2 (D) W2 < W1 < W3
(A) 2 (P1 V1 − P2 V2 ) (B) 2 (P2 V2 − P1 V1 )
Solution:(Correct Answer:D) (√ √ ) ( √ √ )
(C) 2 P1 V1 − P2 V2 (D) 2 P2 V2 − P1 V1
Area under curve is work
W2 < W 1 < W 3 Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
For PVx = constant
If work done by gas is asked then
W = nR∆T
1−x
Here x = 23
W = P2 V2−−P1
1 V1
2
= 2 (P1 V1 − P2 V2 ) . . . . Option (1) is correct
If work done by external is asked then
W = −2 (P1 V1 − P2 V2 ) . . . . . . Option (2) is correct

(74) Three different processes that can occur in an ideal monoatomic gas
are shown in the P vs V diagram. The paths are labelled as
A → B, A → C and A → D. The change in internal energies during
(69) In an adiabatic process, the density of a diatomic gas becomes 32
these process are taken as EAB , EAC and EAD and the work done
times its initial value. The final pressure of the gas is found to be n
as WAB WAC and WAD
times the initial pressure. The value of n is
The correct relation between these parameters are
(A) 326 (B) 1
32
(C) 32 (D) 128
Solution:(Correct Answer:D)
In adiabatic process
P V( γ =)γconstant
P m ρ
= constant
as mass is constant
P ∝ ρ( γ
)γ
Pf
= ρfi
ρ
= (32)7/5 = 27 = 128 (A) EAB = EAC = EAD , WAB > 0, WAC = 0, WAD > 0
Pi
(B) EAB < EAC < EAD , WAB > 0, WAC > WAD
(70) Two Carnot engines A and B are operated in series. The first one,
(C) EAB = EAC < EAD , WAB > 0, WAC = 0 WAD < 0
A, receives heat at T1 (= 600 K) and rejects to a reservoir at
temperature T2 . The second engine B receives heat rejected by the (D) EAB > EAC > EAD , WAB < WAC < WAD
first engine and, in turns, rejects to a heat reservoir at T3 (= 400 K).
Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
Calculate the temperature T2 if the work outputs of the two
engines are equal ..... K ∆U = nCv ∆T = same
AB → volume is increasing ⇒ W > 0
(A) 600 (B) 400 AD → volume is decreasing ⇒ W < 0
(C) 300 (D) 500 AC → volume is constant ⇒ W = 0
Solution:(Correct Answer:D) (75) One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is compressed isothermally in
W1 = W2 a rigid vessel to double its pressure at room temperature, 27 o C.The
⇒ 600 − T2 = T2 − 400 work done on the gas will be
⇒ T2 = 500 K (A) 300R ln 6 (B) 300R
(71) For an adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas, the fractional change in (C) 300R ln 7 (D) 300R ln 2
its pressure is equal to (where γ is the ratio of specific heats): Solution:(Correct Answer:D)
( )
(A) −γ dV (B) −γ dV
V
p
V W ork done on gas = nRT ℓn pfl
(C) − γ1 dV
(D) dV ( )
V V p
= R (300) ℓn (2) pfi = 2 given
Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
P V γ = constant (76) The equation of state for a gas is given by P V = nRT + αV , where
Differentiating n is the number of moles and α is a positive constant. The initial
dP
dV
= − γP
V
temperature and pressure of one mole of the gas contained in a
dP
= − γdV cylinder are To and Po respectively. The work done by the gas when
its temperature doubles isobarically will be
P V

(72) A sample of gas with γ = 1.5 is taken through an adiabatic process (A) P0 T0 R
(B) P0 T0 R
P0 −α
in which the volume is compressed from 1200 cm3 to 300 cm3 . If
P0 +α

the initial pressure is 200 kP a. The absolute value of the workdone (C) P0 T0 R ln 2 (D) P0 T0 R
by the gas in the process = .....J. Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
(A) 0.5 (B) 240 P0 V0 = nRT0
(C) 48 (D) 480 P0 V = N RT
Tf = ∫2T0
Solution:(Correct Answer:D) W ∫=( P dV )
nRT
γ = 1.5 = V
+ α dV
p1 v1γ = p2 v2γ P V = nRT + αV

21
 ∫ ∫0
2T ∫1
V
P dV = nRdT + αdV
T0 V1
= nRT0 + α V(i )
= nRT0 + α nRT 0

( )
P0

= nRT0 1 + Pα0
P
∫ V = nRT ∫ + αV ∫
P dV = nRdT [ + ]αdV
W = nRT0 + α PnRT 0
0 −α
[ ]
W = nRT0 1 + P0α−α
[ ]
= nR0 T0 P0P−α
0

nRT0 P0
= P0 −α

(77) A certain amount of gas is taken through a cyclic process

(A B C D A) that has two isobars, one isochore and one isothermal.
The cycle can be represented on a P − V indicator diagram as
(A)

(B)

(78) In the reported figure, heat energy absorbed by a system in going

through a cyclic process is ...... πJ

(C)

(A) 50 (B) 150

(C) 100 (D) 200
(D)

Solution:(Correct Answer:C)
For complete cyclic process
∆U = 0
∴ from ∆Q = ∆U + W
=0+W
∆Q = W
= Area
= πr1 ·(r2 )( )
= π × 10 × 103 10 × 10−3
Solution:(Correct Answer:C) ∆Q = 100π
∴ Ans. = 100

22
(79) An engine takes in 5 moles of air at 20 ◦ C and 1 atm, and
compresses it adiabaticaly to 1/10th of the original volume.
Assuming air to be a diatomic ideal gas made up of rigid molecules,
the change in its internal energy during this process comes out to
be X kJ. The value of X to the nearest integer is (82) An engine operating between the boiling and freezing points of
(A) 46.87 (B) 45.78 water will have
(C) 55.78 (D) 50.23 1. efficiency more than 27%
2. efficiency less than the efficiency a Carnot engine operating
Solution:(Correct Answer:B) between the same two temperatures.
Diatomic : 3. efficiency equal to 27%
f =5 4. efficiency less than 27%
γ = 7/5 (A) 2, 3 and 4 only (B) 2 and 3 only
Ti = T = 273 + 20 = 293K
(C) 2 and 4 only (D) 1 and 2 only
Vi = V
Vf = V /10 Solution:(Correct Answer:C)
( )
Adiabatic T V γ−1 = constant η = 1 − 373
273
× 100 = 26.8%
T1 V1γ−1 = T2 V2γ−1
( V )7/5−1 (83) The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 4 moles of
T · V 7/5−1 = T2 10
a rigid diatomic gas from 0◦ C to 50◦ C when no work is done is ......R
⇒ T2 = T.102/5
nf R(T2 −T1 ) 5×5× 25 ×(T ·102/5 −T ) (R is the universal gas constant)
3
∆U = = )
(2 2 (A) 750 (B) 175
= 25×25×
T 102/5 −1
6 (C) 500 (D) 250
625×293×(102/5 −1)
= 6 Solution:(Correct Answer:C)
= 4.033 × 103 ≈ 4kJ ∆Q = ∆U + ∆W
Here ∆W = 0
(80) A certain amount of gas of volume V at 27o C temperature and
∆Q = ∆U = nC v ∆T
pressure 2 × 107 N m−2 expands isothermally until its volume gets
∆Q = 4 × 5R (50) = 500 R
doubled. Later it expands adiabatically until its volume gets 2

redoubled. The final pressure of the gas will be (Use γ = 1.5 ) (84) A gas is compressed from a volume of 2 m3 to a volume of 1 m3 at a
(A) 3.536 × 10 P a 5
(B) 3.536 × 10 P a
6
constant pressure of 100 N /m2 . Then it is heated at constant
volume by supplying 150 J of energy. As a result, the internal
(C) 1.25 × 10 P a
6
(D) 1.25 × 105 P a
energy of the gas
Solution:(Correct Answer:B) (A) increases by 250 J (B) decreases by 250 J
P1 = 2 × 107 P a (C) increases by 50 J (D) decreases by 50 J
P1 V1 = P2 V2
Since V2 = 2V1 Hence P2 = P1 /2 (isothermal expansion) Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
P2 = 1 × 107 P a As we know, ∆Q = ∆u + ∆w
P2 (V2 )γ = P3 (2V2 )γ (Ist law of thermodynamics) ⇒ ∆Q = ∆u + P∆v
P3 = 1×10
7
= 3.536 × 106 or 150 = ∆u + 100(1 − 2)
21.5
= ∆u − 100
(81) A heat engine operates with the cold reservoir at temperature ∴ ∆u = 150 + 100 = 250J
324K. The minimum temperature of the hot reservoir, if the heat Thus the internal energy of the gas increases by 250J
engine takes 300 J heat from the hot reservoir and delivers 180 J
heat to the cold reservoir per cycle, is . . . K. (85) A heat engine operates between a cold reservoir at temperature
T2 = 400 K and a hot reservoir at temperature T1 . It takes 300 J of
(A) 530 (B) 540 heat from the hot reservoir and delivers 240 J of heat to the cold
(C) 550 (D) 560 reservoir in a cycle. The minimum temperature of the hot reservoir
has to be ....K
Solution:(Correct Answer:B)
(A) 400 (B) 500
Tc = 324 k
TH =? (C) 300 (D) 100
QH = 300 J Solution:(Correct Answer:B)
QL = 180 J Qin = 300 J; Q out = 240 J
1− QQL
H
= 1 − TTH
L
Work done = Qin − Qout = 300 − 240 = 60J
QL
QH
= TL
TH
Efficiency = QW = 300
60
= 15
in
TH = QH
QL
× TL = 300
180
× 324 = 540K efficiency = 1 − T2
T1

23
 1
5
= 1 − 400
T1
⇒ 400
T1
= 4
5
cold reservoir.
T1 = 500 k Reason R : The efficiency of Carnot’s engine depends not only on
temperature of cold reservoir but it depends
( on
) the temperature of
(86) Consider two containers A and B containing monoatomic gases at
hot reservoir too and is given as η = 1 − TT21 .
the same Pressure (P ), Volume (V ) and Temperature (T ). The gas
in A is compressed isothermally to 81 of its original volume while the In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer
gas B is compressed adiabatically to 81 of its original volume. The from the options given below
ratio of final pressure of gas in B to that of gas in A is ........... (A) A is true but R is false
(A) 8 (B) 8 2 (B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of
3

(C) 1
(D) 4 A
8
Solution:(Correct Answer:D) (C) A is false but R is true
Isothermal process, T = constant (D) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
P V = nRT = constant Solution:(Correct Answer:D)
P1 V1 = P2 V2
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
P V = PA (V /8)
PA = 8P (90) The thermodynamic process, in which internal energy of the system
Adiabatic process, PV γ = constant γ for monoatomic gas is 53 . remains constant is ...........
P1 V1γ = P2 V2γ
( )γ ( )5 (A) Isochoric (B) Isothermal
PB 3
P
= VV12 = VV/8 (C) Adiabatic (D) Isobaric
PB = 32P
PB Solution:(Correct Answer:B)
= 32P =4
T = constant ⇒ U = constant
PA 8P

(87) A thermodynamic system is taken from an original state D to an

intermediate state E by the linear process shown in the figure. Its (91) A sample of an ideal gas is taken through the cyclic process ABCA
volume is then reduced to the original volume from E to F by an as shown in figure. It absorbs, 40 J of heat during the part AB, no
isobaric process. The total work done by the gas from D to E to F heat during BC and rejects 60 J of heat during CA. A work 50 J is
will be ......J done on the gas during the part BC. The internal energy of the gas
at A is 1560 J. The work done by the gas during the part CA
is.............J

(A) 20 (B) 30
(C) −30 (D) −60
(A) −450 (B) 450
Solution:(Correct Answer:B)
(C) 900 (D) 1350 ∆Qcycle = 40 − 60 = ∆W
Solution:(Correct Answer:B) ⇒ ∆W = −20J = WBC + WCA
WDE = 12 (600 + 300)3 J ⇒ WCA = −20J − WBC
= 1350 J = −20 − (−50)
WEF = −300 × 3 = −900 J = 30 J
WDEF = 450 J

(88) For the given cyclic process CAB as shown for a gas, the work
done is ..... J

(92) The initial pressure and volume of an ideal gas are P0 and V0 . The
final pressure of the gas when the gas is suddenly compressed to
volume V40 will be (Given γ = ratio of specific heats at constant
pressure and at constant volume)
(A) 30 (B) 10 1
(A) P0 (4) γ (B) P0 (4)γ
(C) 1 (D) 5
(C) P0 (D) 4P0
Solution:(Correct Answer:B)
Solution:(Correct Answer:B)
Work done = Area of loop
= 21 (4)(5) As gas is suddenly compressed, the processes is adiabatic.
= 10 J Equation of gas for adiabatic process is
P V γ = constant.
(89) Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion A and ⇒ P1 V1γ = P2 V(2γ )
the other is labelled as Reason R. Assertion A : Efficiency of a
γ
⇒ P0 V0γ = P2 V40
reversible heat engine will be highest at −273◦ C temperature of ⇒ P2 = P0 (4)γ

24
(93) A Carnot’s engine works as a refrigerator between 250 K and heat from reservoir to sink is 12000 kJ, the quantity of heat
300 K. It receives 500 cal heat from the reservoir at the lower absorbed by the engine from reservoir is ×106 J
temperature. The amount of work done in each cycle to operate the (A) 16 (B) 26
refrigerator is ..... J
(C) 36 (D) 46
(A) 420 (B) 2100
Solution:(Correct Answer:A)
(C) 772 (D) 2520
(T2 ) Tsin k = 200 K
Solution:(Correct Answer:A) (T1 ) TReservoir = 527 + 273 = 800 K
Given: Temperature of cold body, T2 = 250 K temperature of hot W = 12000KJ = 12 × 106 J
body; T1 = 300 K Heat received, Q2 = 500 cal work done, W = ? Q1 = ?
Effociency= 1 − TT21 = Q2W
6
+W η = 1 − TT21 = Q W
1
= 1 − 200
800
= 12×10
Q1
⇒ 1 − 250
300
= Q2W +W
3
= 12×106
= Q1 = 16 × 106 J
4 Q1
W = Q52 = 500×4.2 J = 420 J
(99) A thermodynamic system is taken from an original state A to an
5

(94) An ideal gas at atmospheric pressure is adiabatically compressed so intermediate state B by a linear process as shown in the figure. It’s
that its density becomes 32 times of its initial value. If the final volume is then reduced to the original value from B to C by an
pressure of gas is 128 atmosphers, the value of γ the gas is isobaric process. The total work done by the gas from A to B and B
(A) 1.5 (B) 1.4 to C would be :

(C) 1.3 (D) 1.6

Solution:(Correct Answer:B)
Volume of the gas
v= m d
and
using P V 7 =( constant
)γ
P′ V d′
P
= V ′ = d
α128 = (32)γ
γ = 75 = 1.4

(95) A balloon filled with helium (32◦ C and 1.7 atm.) bursts.
Immediately afterwards the expansion of helium can be considered
as
(A) Irreversible isothermal (A) 33800 J (B) 2200 J
(B) Irreversible adiabatic (C) 800 J (D) 1200 J
(C) Reversible adiabatic Solution:(Correct Answer:C)
(D) Reversible isothermal Work done
( AB = 2 (8000) + 6000) Dyne /cm ×
1 2

4 m3 = 6000Dyne/cm2 × 4 m3 )
Solution:(Correct Answer:B) Work done BC = − (4000 Dyne /cm2 × 4 m3
Bursting of helium balloon is irreversible & adiabatic. Total work done = 2000 Dyne /cm2 × 4 m3
= 2 × 103 × 1015 cmN2 × 4 m3
(96) A Carnot engine, having an efficiency of η = 1/10 as heat engine, is = 2 × 10−2 × 10−4N m2 × 4 m3
used as a refrigerator. If the work done on the system is 10 J, the = 2 × 102 × 4Nm = 800 J
amount of energy absorbed from the reservoir at lower
temperature is ....... J
(A) 100 (B) 99
(C) 90 (D) 1
Solution:(Correct Answer:C)
The efficiency (η) of a Carnot engine and the coefficient of
performance (β) of a refrigerator are related as
1
1− 10
β= 1−η
Here, η = 1
∴β1 = 9.
η 10 ( 10 )
Also, Coefficient of performance (β) is given by β = Q2
W
where Q2 is the energy absorbed from the reservoir.
or, 9 = Q2
∴ Q2 = 90 J
10
(100) A reversible engine converts one-sixth of the heat input into work.
(97) A heat engine is involved with exchange of heat of 1915 J, When the temperature of the sink is reduced by 62o C, the
−40 J, +125 J and −Q J, during one cycle achieving an efficiency efficiency of the engine is doubled. The temperatures of the source
of 50.0%. The value of Q is.......J and sink are
(A) 640 (B) 400 (A) 80o C, 37o C (B) 95o C, 28o C

(C) 980 (D) 40 (C) 90o C, 37o C (D) 99o C, 37o C

Solution:(Correct Answer:C) Solution:(Correct Answer:D)

( )
Work done
η = Heat (d) Initially η = 1 − TT21 = W = 16 ...(i)
supplied ( ) ( Q )
′
= η = 1915−40+125−Q Finally η ′ = 1 − TT21 = 1 − (T2T−62)
1
2 1915+125 1
=1− T2
T1
+ 62
T1
1
2
= 2000−Q
2040 = η + T621 ....(ii)
2040 = 4000 − 2Q It is given that η ′ = 2η. Hence solving equation (i) and(ii)
2Q = 1960 == > T1 = 372 K = 99◦ C and T2 = 310K = 37◦ C
Q = 980J

(98) In a carnot engine, the temperature of reservoir is 527◦ C and that

of sink is 200 K. If the workdone by the engine when it transfers

25