Computer Networks Unit 1-1
Computer Networks Unit 1-1
Unit – I
Basic Concepts: Components Of Data Communication, Distributed
Processing, Line Configuration, Topology, Transmission Mode, And
Categories Of Networks.
OSI And TCP/IP Models: Layers And Their Functions, Comparison Of
Models.
Transmission Media: Guided And Unguided, Attenuation, Distortion, Noise,
Throughput, Propagation Speed And Time, Wavelength, Shannon Capacity.
Created By: Abhishek Kumar Maheshwari
Book for
Computer Networks
Business Applications
Home Applications
Mobile Users
1. Message
2. Sender
3. Receiver
4. Transmission Medium
1. The Physical Layer : The physical layer is concerned with transmitting raw
bits over a communication channel.
Raw bits are the smallest unit of digital information, represented as either 0 or 1.
They are used in digital communication and computing to store, transmit, and
manipulate data.
2. The Data Link Layer : The main task of the data link layer is to transform a
raw transmission facility into a line that appears free of undetected transmission
errors.
4. The Transport Layer : The basic function of the transport layer is to accept
data from above it, split it up into smaller units if need be, pass these to the network
layer, and ensure that the pieces all arrive correctly at the other end.
5. The Session Layer : The session layer allows users on different machines to
establish sessions between them.
TCP/IP OSI
TCP refers to Transmission Control Protocol. OSI refers to Open Systems Interconnection.
The Transport layer in TCP/IP does not provide In the OSI model, the transport layer provides assurance
assurance delivery of packets. delivery of packets.
Noise – The random or unwanted signal that mixes up with the original
signal is called noise. There are several types of noise such as induced
noise, crosstalk noise, thermal noise and impulse noise which may corrupt
the signal.
Created By: Abhishek Kumar Maheshwari
Throughput: Throughput is the actual amount of data that can be transmitted
over a network in a given time period.
Where:
C is the Shannon Capacity (maximum data rate in bits per second)
B is the bandwidth of the channel in Hertz (Hz)
S is the signal power (average power of the transmitted signal)
N is the noise power (average power of the noise present in the
channel)