Question answers of INDUSTRIES
Question 1.
Answer the following questions.
(i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?
(ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?
(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of the modern industry and why?
(iv) Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?
(v) What are the similarities between the information, the technology industry in Bangalore and
California?
Answer:
(i) Industry refers to economic activity that is concerned with the production of goods, extraction
of minerals, or provision of services.
(ii) The location of industries is affected by the availability of raw material, land, water, labour,
power, capital, transport, and market.
(iii) Ships, trains, trucks, and automobiles are made largely of steel. From safety pins to big ships
are made from steel.
Oil wells are drilled with steel machinery.
Steel pipelines transport oil.
Minerals are mined with steel equipment.
Farm machines are mostly made of steel.
Large buildings have steel framework.
(iv) Cotton textile industry expanded rapidly in Mumbai initially because of the presence of a lot
of favorable conditions. Warm and moist climate, a port situated nearby to import machinery,
easy availability of raw material, and skilled labour were factors behind this.
(v) Similarities between the information technology industry in Bangalore and Silicon Valley in
California:
Bangalore is located on Deccan Plateau, Silicon Valley (Santa Clara Valley) next to the
rocky mountains.
Both have a clean environment.
The mild climate throughout the year (pleasant climate).
Close to educational, scientific, and technological centers.
Close to major roads and airports.
Good access to markets.
Skilled workforce.
Low rents and low cost of living.
Question 2.
Distinguish between the following.
(i) Agro-based and mineral-based industry
(ii) Public sector and joint sector industry
Answer:
(i)
Question 1.
Give examples of industrial regions in India and the world.
Answer:
The major industrial areas of the world are eastern North America, western and central Europe,
eastern Europe, and eastern Asia. In India, major industrial regions are the Mumbai-Pune cluster,
Bangalore-Tamil Nadu region, Hugli region, Ahmedabad-Baroda region, Chhotanagpur
industrial belt, Vishakhapatnam-Guntur Belt, Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut region, are the industrial
cluster.
Question 2.-
Write the properties and significance of steel.
Answer:
Steel has these properties: it is tough, it can easily be shaped (malleability), cut or made into wire
(ductility). Adding certain other elements makes it harder, tougher, and rust-retention capability.
Steel is the backbone of the modern industry. We use a lot of steel objects in daily life. Ships,
trains, and most other vehicles, tiny needles and safety pins, machinery and equipment,
buildings, etc utilise steel as a main or sole constituent.
Question 3.
Write short notes on
(a) the iron and steel industry in Pittsburgh and
(b) cotton textile industry in Osaka.
Answer:
(a) Pittsburgh is an important steel city in the USA. Most raw materials such as coal are available
locally. Iron ore is brought from the iron mines in Minnesota. The shipping of ore is also a
convenient pathway: the Great Lakes of North America. From the lakes to the industrial area,
trains are there to carry the ore. Rivers like Ohio and the Allegheny provide adequate water
supply. Finished steel is transported to the market by both land and water routes.
(b) Osaka is an important textile centre in Japan. It is called the “Manchester of Japan”. Like
every important centre, geographical factors played an important role in the establishment of
industry here. The plains around Osaka meant land was easily available for the growth of cotton
mills. The warm and humid climate is well suited to the spinning and weaving of cotton. The
river Yodo provides adequate water supply. Easily available labour and the location of the port
are also significant factors. The industry however depends completely on imports. The finished
product is exported and is not very expensive.
