UNIT 3

Planning and Developing dynamic web content sites

Definition: Dynamic content is any digital or online content that changes based on data, user
behavior and preferences. This can be text, audio or video format content. This type of content
prioritizes personalization and can increase engagement with your brand.

Examples:

 Social Media Platforms: Websites like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram

 E-commerce Sites: Websites such as Amazon, Myntra, and Flipkart
 News Portals: Websites like CNN, BBC, and The New York Times
 Travel Booking Sites: Platforms such as Expedia, Booking.com, and Airbnb
 Educational Platforms: Websites like Byjus, Coursera, and Udemy
 Streaming services: Netflix, Amazon Prime.

Planning and developing dynamic web content sites involves following steps:

1. Define Objectives:
Clearly outline the purpose and goals of your website. Identify the target audience and
their needs Conduct market research to understand the audience's needs, competitors, and
industry trends.
2. Content Strategy:
Plan the types of content to be included, such as images, text , videos, or interactive
elements, and how they will be organized and presented.
3. User Experience (UX) Design:
Create wireframes and prototypes to visualize the layout, navigation, and user interface of
the
website. Consider user flows and interactions for a seamless experience.
 Wireframing & Prototyping: Outline the structure and placement of elements on each
page of the website and content flows and interactions.
 Homepage : Define sections such as header ,logo, navigation menu
 Product Listing Page : Filter and sort options dynamically update product
 Product Detail Page : Specify elements like product image gallery, description,
price, size selection, and add-to-cart button.
4. Choose a Technology stack
Select the appropriate technology stack based on your requirements and expertise. Build
thewebsite using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for front-end development, and PHP,
Python, or Ruby for back-end development to handle dynamic content.
 Frontend Development: Build the frontend of the website using HTML, CSS,
and JavaScript frameworks/libraries (e.g., Bootstrap, React, Vue.js).
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Planning and Developing dynamic web content sites
 Backend Development: Develop the backend functionality of the website to
handle dynamic content generation, user authentication, database
5. Dynamic Content Types: Incorporate dynamic features such as user-generated
content, Personalized recommendations, social media integration, and real-time
updates to enhance user engagement and interaction.
6. Data Architecture:
Plan the structure of your data to support dynamic content. Consider databases,
data models, and APIs for data retrieval. Design and implement the database
schema to store and manage dynamic content, user data, and other relevant
information.
7. Content Management System (CMS):
Choose a CMS that supports dynamic content creation and management. Ensure it
allows for easy updates and modifications.
8. Testing :
Conduct thorough testing of the website to identify and fix any bugs, usability
issues, or performance bottlenecks. Test across different browsers, devices, and
network conditions to ensure compatibility and responsiveness.
9. Deployment:
Deploy the website to a production server or hosting platform. Configure server
settings, domain name, SSL certificate, and security measures to ensure the
website is accessible and secure.
10. Content Updates and Maintenance:
Continuously update and maintain the website's content to keep it fresh, relevant,
and engaging. Monitor user feedback, analytics data, and industry trends to
identify opportunities for improvement and optimization.
11. Responsive Design:
Implement a responsive design to ensure your dynamic content adapts to different
devices and screen sizes.
12. Performance Optimization:
Optimize code, images, and other assets to ensure fast loading times. Consider
content delivery networks (CDNs) for improved performance.
13. Security Updates:
Regularly update the website's software, plugins, and dependencies to patch
security vulnerabilities and protect against potential threats.
14. Scalability:
Design the architecture with scalability in mind to handle potential increases in
traffic and data. Consider cloud-based solutions for scalability and flexibility.
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Planning and Developing dynamic web content sites

Website Design Using CSS Creating

Definition: CSS is the acronym of “Cascading Style Sheets”. CSS is a language for specifying
how documents are presented to users — how they are styled, laid out, etc. It provides an
additional feature to HTML. It is generally used with HTML to change the style of web pages
and user interfaces.

Steps to create a website using CSS .

Planning and Wireframing:
 Determine the purpose and goals of your website.
 Create a rough sketch or wireframe of your website layout, including the
placement of different elements such as headers, navigation menus, content
sections, and footers.
HTML Structure:
 Write the HTML code to structure your website based on the wireframe.
 Use HTML tags to define headings, paragraphs, lists, links, images, and other
elements.
Linking CSS:
 Create a new CSS file or include CSS styles within the HTML file using <style>
tags.
 Link the CSS file to your HTML document using the <link> tag in the <head>
section.
Styling Elements:
 Use CSS selectors to target HTML elements and apply styles to them.
 Define properties such as colors, fonts, margins, padding, borders, and
backgrounds to customize the appearance of elements.
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Planning and Developing dynamic web content sites
 Experiment with CSS properties and values to achieve the desired visual effects.

Box Model:

 The box model is a fundamental concept in CSS that describes how elements are
rendered on the webpage.
 Each HTML element is represented as a rectangular box with content, padding, borders,
and margins. CSS properties like width, height, padding, border, and margin control the
dimensions and spacing of these boxes.

Layout Design:
 Create a layout structure using CSS positioning, floats, flexbox, or grid layout
techniques.
 Arrange elements to create header, navigation, content, sidebar, and footer
sections.
 Ensure the layout is responsive and adapts to different screen sizes using media
queries or responsive design frameworks like Bootstrap or Foundation.
Typography:
 Define font styles, sizes, weights, and spacing for text elements using CSS
typography properties.
 Ensure readability and accessibility by choosing appropriate fonts and text
contrast.
Images and Multimedia:
 Use CSS to style images, videos, and other multimedia elements.
 Optimize image sizes for faster loading and better performance.
Navigation Design:
 Style navigation menus and links for easy navigation throughout the website.
 Consider using CSS hover effects or animations to enhance user interaction.
Testing and Debugging:
 Test your website on different devices and browsers to ensure compatibility and
responsiveness.
 Use browser developer tools to inspect and debug CSS code for any errors or
issues.
Optimization and Performance:
 Minify and compress CSS files to reduce file size and improve page loading
speed.
 Optimize images and multimedia assets for web use to further enhance
performance.
Accessibility and SEO:
 Ensure the website is accessible to users with disabilities by following web
accessibility guidelines.
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Planning and Developing dynamic web content sites
 Implement SEO best practices such as using descriptive HTML tags, optimizing
meta tags, and creating meaningful content.
Launch and Maintenance:
 Once everything is finalized, upload your website files to a web server to make it
accessible to visitors.
 Regularly update and maintain your website by adding new content, fixing bugs,
and improving user experience based on feedback.

CSS:
CSS, or Cascading Style Sheets, is a style sheet language used to define the visual presentation and
formatting of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) and XML (extensible Markup Language) documents.
It enables web developers to control the layout, colors, fonts, and other stylistic aspects of web pages.
Or
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a language used to describe the presentation of a document written in
HTML. It controls the layout of multiple web pages all at once.

Why Use CSS?

• Separation of Content and Design: HTML is for content, CSS is for design.
• Consistent Look and Feel: Easily maintain a consistent design across multiple pages.
• Responsive Design: Adjust the layout of web pages for different devices.
• Enhanced User Experience: Improve the usability and accessibility of a website.
Basic Structure of CSS
CSS is made up of rules that consist of selectors and declarations.
• Selector: Specifies the HTML element(s) to be styled.
• Declaration: Contains property and value pairs. Each pair specifies a style for the selected
elements.
Example:
h1 {
color: blue;
font-size: 24px;
}

In this example, h1 is the selector, and color: blue; font-size: 24px; are declarations.

Types of CSS
1. Inline CSS: Used directly within HTML elements using the style attribute.
<h1 style="color:blue;">Hello World</h1>
2. Internal CSS: Defined within the <style> tag in the <head> section of an HTML document.
<style>
h1 {
color: blue;
}
</style>
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3. External CSS: Defined in an external file with a .css extension. Linked using the <link> tag.
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">

CSS Selectors
• Element Selector: Selects elements based on the element name.
p{
color: green;
}
• Class Selector: Selects elements based on the class attribute
.intro {
font-size: 20px;
}
HTML usage:
<p class="intro">This is an introduction.</p>
• ID Selector: Selects elements based on the id attribute
#header {
background-color: yellow;
}
HTML usage:
<div id="header">Header</div>
• Universal Selector: Selects all elements.
*{
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
• Group Selector: Groups multiple selectors to apply the same styles
h1, h2, h3 {
color: darkblue;
}
CSS Box Model
The box model is a fundamental concept in CSS that describes the rectangular boxes generated for
elements in the document tree.
• Content: The actual content of the box, where text and images appear.
• Padding: Clears an area around the content. The padding is transparent.
• Border: A border that goes around the padding (if any) and content.
• Margin: Clears an area outside the border. The margin is transparent.
Example:
div {
width: 300px;
padding: 10px;
border: 5px solid black;
margin: 20px;
}
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Planning and Developing dynamic web content sites
CSS Positioning
• Static Positioning: Default positioning for HTML elements.
• Relative Positioning: Positioned relative to its normal position
.relative {
position: relative;
left: 10px;
top: 20px;
}

• Absolute Positioning: Positioned relative to the nearest positioned ancestor

.absolute {
position: absolute;
left: 50px;
top: 100px;
}
• Fixed Positioning: Positioned relative to the browser window
.fixed {
position: fixed;
bottom: 0;
right: 0;
}
• Sticky Positioning: Positioned based on the user's scroll position
.sticky {
position: sticky;
top: 0;
}

Responsive Web Design with CSS

Responsive design ensures that a website looks good on all devices.
• Fluid Grid Layout: Use relative units like percentages.
• Flexible Images: Use max-width: 100%; to make images scalable.
• Media Queries: Apply different styles for different devices
@media (max-width: 600px) {
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}
}
CSS Flexbox and Grid
• Flexbox: A layout model for designing a flexible and efficient layout structure
.container {
display: flex;
}
.item {
flex: 1;
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Planning and Developing dynamic web content sites
}

• Grid: A two-dimensional layout system

.grid-container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: auto autoauto;
}
.grid-item {
border: 1px solid black;
}

Best Practices in CSS

• Keep CSS DRY (Don't Repeat Yourself).
• Organize CSS with comments and sections.
• Use shorthand properties where possible.
• Ensure CSS is responsive and accessible.

Advantages of CSS:
 CSS saves a lot of time
 It helps to make consistent and spontaneous changes
 It improves the loading speed of the page
 CSS has the ability to re-position
 It has better device compatibility
Disadvantages of CSS:
 There could be cross-browser issues while using CSS
 There are multiple levels of CSS such as CSS, CSS 2, CSS 3. This can create confusion
for non-developers and beginners.
 Lack of security is one of the major disadvantages of the Cascading style sheet.
 CSS has limited control over layouts. In order to achieve certain specific layout details
like adding multiple columns to the table, other tools like Flexbox or Grid need to be
used.

Creating a Wikisite
1) Choose a Wiki Platform: Select a wiki platform or software. Some popular options include
MediaWiki, DokuWiki, Confluence, and Tiki Wiki. . Consider your specific needs and
technical skills when choosing a platform.
2) Set Up Hosting: Choose whether to self-host or use a hosted solution. Ensure your chosen
hosting environment meets the requirements of the selected wiki platform.
3) Install Wiki Software: Install the chosen wiki software on your hosting server. Many
platforms offer installation guides or scripts to make this process easier.
4) Configure Settings: Customize the wiki settings, such as access controls, user permissions,
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Planning and Developing dynamic web content sites
and the look and feel of the site. Set up user roles and permissions as needed.
5) Create Initial Content: Start populating the wikisite with initial content. Create main
pages,categories, and templates to provide a structure for future contributions.
6) Implement Navigation: Set up a clear navigation structure. Use categories, tags, and a
hierarchical organization to make it easy for users to find information.

Maintaining a Wikisite
1) Content Organization: Create a clear and intuitive structure for your wiki. Use categories,
sections, and hierarchies to organize information logically. Establish a consistent naming
convention for pages and categories to enhance searchability.
2)Content Creation: Start by creating the core content of your wiki. Organize it logically with a
clear structure using categories, pages, and links.
3) User Contributions: Encourage users to contribute by allowing them to create and edit
content. Set guidelines and rules for contributing to maintain quality.

4) Version Control: Most wiki platforms offer version control, allowing you to track changes
and revisions made by users. This helps in case you need to revert to a previous version.

5) Content Moderation: Implement content moderation if necessary to prevent spam,

vandalism, or inappropriate edits. Some platforms have built-in moderation tools.
6) Regular Content Review: Periodically review and update the content on your wiki site to
ensure accuracy, relevance, and completeness. Encourage users to contribute new information
and make corrections as needed.
7) Backup and Recovery: Regularly back up your wiki site to prevent data loss. Have a
recovery plan in place in case of technical issues or data corruption.

8) SEO and Searchability: Optimize your wiki for search engines by using relevant keywords
and structuring content for searchability.
9) Community Building: Foster a community around your wiki by engaging with users,
encouraging discussions, and acknowledging valuable contributions.
10) Performance and Scalability: As your wiki grows, monitor performance and consider
scaling your hosting resources if needed to handle increased traffic and content.
11) User Support: Provide support to users who have questions or need assistance with editing
or using the wiki. Maintain clear documentation and FAQs.
12) User Permissions and Access Control: Set up proper user permissions and access control to
manage who can edit, create, or delete content. Regularly review and update user roles and
permissions to maintain security.
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13) Security: Implement security measures to protect your wiki from vulnerabilities,
unauthorized access, and spam. Regularly update your wiki software and plugins for
security patches.
14) Analytics: Use analytics tools to track user behavior, traffic patterns, and
popular content to make informed decisions for improvements.

Blog Site
Definition: A blog is an online platform where one or more individuals post content related to a
particular topic. Popular types of blogs are personal and business blogs. A blog site is a type of
website where individuals, groups, or organizations regularly publish articles, posts, or entries on
various topics.

Types of Blog Sites:

Personal Blog: Written by an individual about their personal experiences, thoughts, and
interests.
Lifestyle Blog: Focuses on various aspects of the author's lifestyle, including fashion, beauty,
travel, health, and personal development.
Travel Blog: Documents the author's journeys, adventures, and travel tips.
Tech Blog: Covers technology-related topics, including gadget reviews, software tutorials, and
industry news.
Business and Entrepreneurship Blog: Targets business professionals, entrepreneurs, and those
interested in starting or growing a business.
Educational Blog: Offers educational content on a particular subject or field of study.

Creating and Managing Blog Sites:

Here are following steps involved in creating and managing blog site
1. Define Blog Objectives: Clearly outline the purpose and goals of your blog. Identify your
target audience and the topics you'll cover.
2. Choose a Blogging Platform: Select a suitable blogging platform (e.g., WordPress, Blogger,
Medium). Consider factors like ease of use, customization options, and scalability.

3. Get a Domain Name and Hosting: Acquire a domain name that reflects your blog's identity.
Choose a reliable web hosting provider. Many platforms offer hosting as part of their services.

4. Design User-Friendly Interface:

- Choose a visually appealing theme that reflects your brand or personal style.
- Customize the layout, fonts, colors, and images to create a cohesive look.
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- Ensure your blog is mobile-friendly for users accessing it on smartphones or tablets.

5. Create Compelling Content:

- Develop a content strategy that aligns with your blog's theme..
- Write high-quality, engaging content that provides value to your readers.
- Incorporate multimedia elements such as images, videos, and infographics to enhance
your posts.
- Plan regular, consistent posting schedules.

6. SEO Optimization:
Optimize blog posts for search engines. Use relevant keywords, meta tags, and descriptive
URLs.

7. Promote Your Blog:

- Share your blog posts on social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn.
- Engage with your audience by responding to comments, questions, and feedback.
- Collaborate with other bloggers or influencers in your niche to reach a wider audience.
- Consider guest posting on other blogs to increase your visibility and credibility.
8. Monetization Strategies:
Explore ways to monetize your blog, such as through ads, affiliate marketing, sponsored posts,
or selling products/services. Integrate monetization features based on your goals

9. Analyze and Iterate:

- Use analytics tools to track your blog's performance, including traffic, engagement, and
conversion metrics.
-Analyze the data to identify trends, understand your audience better, and optimize your content
and marketing strategies accordingly.
- Continuously experiment, iterate, and refine your blog to keep it fresh, relevant, and appealing
to your audience
10. Subscription Options: Provide RSS feeds and email subscription options. Allow readers to
stay updated with new content.

11. Commenting System: Choose a commenting system that facilitates user engagement.
Moderate comments to ensure a positive and respectful community.
12. Regular Maintenance: Update your blog regularly with fresh content. Monitor and respond
to comments. Keep your software and plugins/themes up-to-date for security and performance.
13. Backup Your Blog: Regularly backup your blog to prevent data loss. Check your hosting
provider for backup options or use plugins if applicable.
14. Legal Compliance: Ensure your blog complies with copyright laws and privacy regulations.
Clearly outline terms of use and privacy policies.
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